Download or read book Rational Investing with Ratios written by Yannick Coulon and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-12-31 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explaining the underlying logic behind financial ratios, this book adds to the discussion on the importance and implementation of ratios and illustrates the essential role that they play in company evaluations and investment screening. The author explores how ratios establish a proportional relationship between accounting and market data, and when well-integrated into a global company vision, can become powerful indicators capable of outlining relevant information and identifying warning signs. Going beyond merely listing possible ratios and looking further into their implementation, each ratio family is demonstrated with numerous graphs and practical case studies involving companies such as Amazon, Walmart and Alibaba. With a focus on behavioral finance and enterprise value, this innovative Palgrave Pivot will be of interest to investors, bankers and entrepreneurs, as well as finance scholars and students.

Download or read book Liquidity at Risk Joint Stress Testing of Solvency and Liquidity written by Rama Cont and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-06-05 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The traditional approach to the stress testing of financial institutions focuses on capital adequacy and solvency. Liquidity stress tests have been applied in parallel to and independently from solvency stress tests, based on scenarios which may not be consistent with those used in solvency stress tests. We propose a structural framework for the joint stress testing of solvency and liquidity: our approach exploits the mechanisms underlying the solvency-liquidity nexus to derive relations between solvency shocks and liquidity shocks. These relations are then used to model liquidity and solvency risk in a coherent framework, involving external shocks to solvency and endogenous liquidity shocks arising from these solvency shocks. We define the concept of ‘Liquidity at Risk’, which quantifies the liquidity resources required for a financial institution facing a stress scenario. Finally, we show that the interaction of liquidity and solvency may lead to the amplification of equity losses due to funding costs which arise from liquidity needs. The approach described in this study provides in particular a clear methodology for quantifying the impact of economic shocks resulting from the ongoing COVID-19 crisis on the solvency and liquidity of financial institutions and may serve as a useful tool for calibrating policy responses.

Download or read book Corporate Liquidity and Solvency in Europe during COVID 19 The Role of Policies written by Mr.Christian H Ebeke and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-03-02 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spread of COVID-19, containment measures, and general uncertainty led to a sharp reduction in activity in the first half of 2020. Europe was hit particularly hard—the economic contraction in 2020 is estimated to have been among the largest in the world—with potentially severe repercussions on its nonfinancial corporations. A wave of corporate bankruptcies would generate mass unemployment, and a loss of productive capacity and firm-specific human capital. With many SMEs in Europe relying primarily on the banking sector for external finance, stress in the corporate sector could easily translate into pressures in the banking system (Aiyar et al., forthcoming).

Download or read book How Does Bank Competition Affect Solvency Liquidity and Credit Risk Evidence from the MENA Countries written by Raja Almarzoqi and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-09-29 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper analyzes the relationship between bank competition and stability, with a specific focus on the Middle East and North Africa. Price competition has a positive effect on bank liquidity, as it induces self-discipline incentives on banks for the choice of bank funding sources and for the holding of liquid assets. On the other hand, price competition may have a potentially negative impact on bank solvency and on the credit quality of the loan portfolio. More competitive banks may be less solvent if the potential increase in the equity base—due to capital adjustments—is not large enough to compensate for the reduction in bank profitability. Also, banks subject to stronger competitive pressures may have a higher rate of nonperforming loans, if the increase in the risk-taking incentives from the lender’s side overcomes the decrease in the credit risk from the borrower’s side. In both cases, country-specific policies for market entry conditions—and for bank regulation and supervision—may significantly affect the sign and the size of the relationship. The paper suggests policy reforms designed to improve market contestability and to increase the quality and independence of prudential supervision.

Download or read book Bank Solvency and Funding Cost written by Mr.Stefan W. Schmitz and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-05-15 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents new evidence on the empirical relationship between bank solvency and funding costs. Building on a newly constructed dataset drawing on supervisory data for 54 large banks from six advanced countries over 2004–2013, we use a simultaneous equation approach to estimate the contemporaneous interaction between solvency and liquidity. Our results show that liquidity and solvency interactions can be more material than suggested by the existing empirical literature. A 100 bps increase in regulatory capital ratios is associated with a decrease of bank funding costs of about 105 bps. A 100 bps increase in funding costs reduces regulatory capital buffers by 32 bps. We also find evidence of non-linear effects between solvency and funding costs. Understanding the impact of solvency on funding costs is particularly relevant for stress testing. Our analysis suggests that neglecting the dynamic features of the solvency-liquidity nexus in the 2014 EU-wide stress test could have led to a significant underestimation of the impact of stress on bank capital ratios.

Download or read book Integrating Solvency and Liquidity Stress Tests The Use of Markov Regime Switching Models written by Mr.Fei Han and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-11-15 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper presents a framework to integrate liquidity and solvency stress tests. An empirical study based on European bond trading data finds that asset sales haircuts depend on the total amount of assets sold and general liquidity conditions in the market. To account for variations in market liquidity, the study uses Markov regime-switching models and links haircuts with market volatility and the amount of securities sold by banks. The framework is accompanied by a Matlab program and an Excel-based tool, which allow the calculations to be replicated for any type of traded security and to be used for liquidity and solvency stress testing.

Download or read book Modeling Correlated Systemic Liquidity and Solvency Risks in a Financial Environment with Incomplete Information written by MissLiliana Schumacher and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-11-01 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper proposes and demonstrates a methodology for modeling correlated systemic solvency and liquidity risks for a banking system. Using a forward looking simulation of many risk factors applied to detailed balance sheets for a 10 bank stylized United States banking system, we analyze correlated market and credit risk and estimate the probability that multiple banks will fail or experience liquidity runs simultaneously. Significant systemic risk factors are shown to include financial and economic environment regime shifts to stressful conditions, poor initial loan credit quality, loan portfolio sector and regional concentrations, bank creditors' sensitivity to and uncertainties regarding solvency risk, and inadequate capital. Systemic banking system solvency risk is driven by the correlated defaults of many borrowers, other market risks, and inter-bank defaults. Liquidity runs are modeled as a response to elevated solvency risk and uncertainties and are shown to increase correlated bank failures. Potential bank funding outflows and contractions in lending with significant real economic impacts are estimated. Increases in equity capital levels needed to reduce bank solvency and liquidity risk levels to a target confidence level are also estimated to range from 3 percent to 20 percent of assets. For a future environment that replicates the 1987-2006 volatilities and correlations, we find only a small risk of U.S. bank failures focused on thinly capitalized and regionally concentrated smaller banks. For the 2007-2010 financial environment calibration we find substantially elevated solvency and liquidity risks for all banks and the banking system.

Download or read book Next Generation System Wide Liquidity Stress Testing written by Mr.Claus Puhr and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A framework to run system-wide, balance sheet data-based liquidity stress tests is presented. The liquidity framework includes three elements: (a) a module to simulate the impact of bank run scenarios; (b) a module to assess risks arising from maturity transformation and rollover risks, implemented either in a simplified manner or as a fully-fledged cash flow-based approach; and (c) a framework to link liquidity and solvency risks. The framework also allows the simulation of how banks cope with upcoming regulatory changes (Basel III), and accommodates differences in data availability. A case study shows the impact of a "Lehman" type event for stylized banks.

Download or read book Relationship of Working Capital with Liquidity Profitability and Solvency written by CMA(Dr.) Ashok Panigrahi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experts say that the goal of working capital management should be to enable a firm to maximize profits of its operations while meeting both short term debt and upcoming operational expenses, i.e. to preserve liquidity. But increasing profitability would tend to reduce firms' liquidity and too much attention on liquidity would tend to affect the profitability. No doubt, every firm tries to maximize the profitability by preserving the liquidity. However, increasing profits at the cost of liquidity might cause serious trouble to the firm and this problem might lead to financial insolvency as well. Thus an effective WCM would be needed to strike a balance between the two core objectives of the firm. It is essential that the firm's liquidity should be properly balanced. Because, excessive liquidity on one hand indicates the accumulation of idle funds that don't fetch any profits for the firm and on the other hand, insufficient liquidity might damage the firm's goodwill, deteriorate firm's credit standings and that might lead to forced liquidation of firm's assets. Afterwards problems like bankruptcy and insolvency might happen. To sum up, a company unable to make profits might be termed as a sick company but, a company having no liquidity might cease to exist. But when a company like Wal-Mart, is able to generate profit and maximise shareholder's wealth with negative working capital, can we say that the company is on the verge of bankruptcy or is it a sign of managerial efficiency? Same is the case with ACC Limited, which is the company of our study. This paper attempts to study the association of working capital with liquidity, profitability and risk of bankruptcy of ACC Ltd. for the period 2000-01 to 2009-10. The study found that even with having negative working capital in most of the times, the company was able to earn a good rate of return because of its aggressive working capital policy but its solvency was ultimately at a stake.

Download or read book The Banking Industry Guide Key Insights for Investment Professionals written by Ryan C. Fuhrmann and published by CFA Institute. This book was released on 2017 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Liquidity and Transparency in Bank Risk Management written by Mr.Lev Ratnovski and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-01-18 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Banks may be unable to refinance short-term liabilities in case of solvency concerns. To manage this risk, banks can accumulate a buffer of liquid assets, or strengthen transparency to communicate solvency. While a liquidity buffer provides complete insurance against small shocks, transparency covers also large shocks but imperfectly. Due to leverage, an unregulated bank may choose insufficient liquidity buffers and transparency. The regulatory response is constained: while liquidity buffers can be imposed, transparency is not verifiable. Moreover, liquidity requirements can compromise banks' transparency choices, and increase refinancing risk. To be effective, liquidity requirements should be complemented by measures that increase bank incentives to adopt transparency.

Download or read book Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable Finance and Sustainable Technology written by Abdalmuttaleb M. A. Musleh Al-Sartawi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 637 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows latest research on artificial intelligence for sustainable technology. ICGER 2021 was organized by the Accounting, Finance and Banking Department at Ahlia University, Bahrain, and was conducted on the 15th and 16th of September. The strategic partners included the University of Jordan, the Bahrain Economists Society, the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants: ACCA, Al-Barka Banking Group and the International Computer Auditing Education Association: ICAEA . The theme of the ICGER 2021 centered around artificial intelligence for sustainable finance and sustainable technology. Accordingly, the papers presented at the conference provided a holistic view of sustainable finance, sustainability, AI, financial technology, cybersecurity, blockchain, CSR, and governance. This book, unlike ever before, brings together intelligence applications of new technologies and the sustainability requirements in the era of the digital economy, with special attention given to the opportunities, challenges, for education, business growth, and economic progression of nations which will help societies (economists, financial managers, engineers, ICT specialists, digital managers, data managers, policymakers, regulators, researchers, academics, and students) to better understand, use, and control AI applications and financial technologies to develop future strategies and to achieve sustainable development goals.

Download or read book Crisis Related Measures in the Financial System and Sovereign Balance Sheet Risks written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2009-07-31 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the fiscal and financial risk implications of support measures in a sovereign balance sheet framework, making the point that the ultimate fiscal cost will depend on how balance sheets are managed—both in the near-term and as governments develop unwinding strategies. It suggests some key principles for efficient and transparent management of new assets, liabilities, and associated risks, and for moving toward an orderly disengagement.

Download or read book Financial Management for Small Businesses written by Steven D. Hanson and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Solvency and Regulation of Banks written by Jack Revell and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Assessing Liquidity Buffers in the Panamanian Banking Sector written by Andras Komaromi and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-10-14 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper assesses the resilience of Panamanian banks to (i) a very severe short-term, and (ii) a significant long-lasting liquidity shock scenario. Short-term liquidity buffers are evaluated by approximating the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) defined in the Basel III accord. The risk of losing a substantial part of foreign funding is analyzed through a conventional liquidity stress test scrutinizing several layers of liquidity across maturity buckets. The results of this study point to some vulnerabilities. First, our approximations indicate that about half of Panamanian banks would need to adjust their liquid asset portfolios to meet current LCR standards. Second, while most banks would be able to meet funding outflows in the stress-test scenario, a number of banks would have to use up all of their liquidity buffers, and a few even face a final shortfall. Nonetheless, most banks displaying sizable liquidity shortfalls have robust solvency positions.

Download or read book Discussion of Systemic Risk and the Solvency Liquidity Nexus of Banks written by Tobias Adrian and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pierret (2015) presents empirical analysis of the solvency-liquidity nexus for the banking system, documenting that a shock to the level of banks' solvency risk is followed by lower short-term debt. Conversely, higher short-term debt Granger-causes higher solvency risk. These results point toward a tight interaction between solvency and liquidity risk over time. My comments are threefold. First, I suggest improving the identification of shocks in Pierret's vector autoregressive setup. Second, I caution against using the quantitative results as the basis for setting policy. Third, I recommend using theoretical restrictions from macro-finance theories to improve identification and interpretation.