Download or read book Linguistic Aspects in Machine Translation written by Alexander Täuschel and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2008-10-24 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Project Report from the year 2006 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Other, grade: 1,3, University of Frankfurt (Main) (Institut für England und Amerikastudien), course: Translation and Intercultural Communication, 26 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: This paper will give a general overview of the venture that is machine translation with particular focus on linguistic aspects. It will display history of MT and will deal with some of the major issues in the realisation of MT like the difficulty of translating prepositions or integrating semantics, as well as the importance of real world knowledge. To illustrate these difficulties with examples on a basic level, a practice test with a moderately complex translation engine provided by Google has been carried out and will be explained. Finally, I am going to introduce three of the largest and most powerful translation machines currently in use. I will also give a brief over-view of methods of MT. The aim of this paper is to show that the realisation of the primal idea of machine translation in its original sense, which was to perform translation without human intervention (except during the construction phase of the system), is still markedly far away at present and machines are still unlikely to take over the jobs of human translators.
Download or read book Machine Translation written by John Lehrberger and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1988-01-01 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of the computer in translating natural languages ranges from that of a translator's aid for word processing and dictionary lookup to that of a full-fledged translator on its own. However the obstacles to translating by means of the computer are primarily linguistic. To overcome them it is necessary to resolve the ambiguities that pervade a natural language when words and sentences are viewed in isolation. The problem then is to formalize, in the computer, these aspects of natural language understanding. The authors show how, from a linguistic point of view, one may form some idea of what goes on inside a system's black box, given only the input (original text) and the raw output (translated text before post-editing). Many examples of English/French translation are used to illustrate the principles involved.
Download or read book Machine Translation written by John Lehrberger and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1988 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of the computer in translating natural languages ranges from that of a translator's aid for word processing and dictionary lookup to that of a full-fledged translator on its own. However the obstacles to translating by means of the computer are primarily linguistic. To overcome them it is necessary to resolve the ambiguities that pervade a natural language when words and sentences are viewed in isolation. The problem then is to formalize, in the computer, these aspects of natural language understanding. The authors show how, from a linguistic point of view, one may form some idea of what goes on inside a system's black box, given only the input (original text) and the raw output (translated text before post-editing). Many examples of English/French translation are used to illustrate the principles involved.
Download or read book Linguistic Issues in Machine Translation written by Frank Van Eydne and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2015-12-17 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The key assumption in this text is that machine translation is not merely a mechanical process but in fact requires a high level of linguistic sophistication, as the nuances of syntax, semantics and intonation cannot always be conveyed by modern technology. The increasing dependence on artificial communication by private and corporate users makes this research area an invaluable element when teaching linguistic theory.
Download or read book Language Engineering and Translation written by Juan C. Sager and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1994-04-22 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At a time when information technology has become a regular tool of specialised translators in all aspects of their work, it is useful to place the activity of technical translation into its appropriate environment and to describe it from the point of view of its role in the broader context of communication in which it occurs. The advent of automated alternatives to human translation has fundamentally affected the profession, its products and the relationship between translators and their clients.This book presents and discusses the process of translation against this background. The context in which translation is normally studied is widened in order to re-examine the process of translation as part of interlingual text production and to analyse the manner in which the new tools affect the product of translation.This book is of particular relevance in modern translator training courses. Contents 1. The language industry and translation, 2. Aspects of language, 3. Elements of communication theory, 4. A theory of text types and messages, 5. The nature of translation, 6. Specifications: Factors influencing the translation, 7. Preparation for translation, 8. Steps in translation, 9. Human and Machine Translation, 10 Pragmatic circumstances of automation, 11. Translation in an information technology environment. Bibliography + Index.
Download or read book Readings in Machine Translation written by Sergei Nirenburg and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of machine translation (MT) - the automation of translation between human languages - has existed for more than 50 years. MT helped to usher in the field of computational linguistics and has influenced methods and applications in knowledge representation, information theory, and mathematical statistics.
Download or read book Machine Translation and Transliteration involving Related Low resource Languages written by Anoop Kunchukuttan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-09-08 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Machine Translation and Transliteration involving Related, Low-resource Languages discusses an important aspect of natural language processing that has received lesser attention: translation and transliteration involving related languages in a low-resource setting. This is a very relevant real-world scenario for people living in neighbouring states/provinces/countries who speak similar languages and need to communicate with each other, but training data to build supporting MT systems is limited. The book discusses different characteristics of related languages with rich examples and draws connections between two problems: translation for related languages and transliteration. It shows how linguistic similarities can be utilized to learn MT systems for related languages with limited data. It comprehensively discusses the use of subword-level models and multilinguality to utilize these linguistic similarities. The second part of the book explores methods for machine transliteration involving related languages based on multilingual and unsupervised approaches. Through extensive experiments over a wide variety of languages, the efficacy of these methods is established. Features Novel methods for machine translation and transliteration between related languages, supported with experiments on a wide variety of languages. An overview of past literature on machine translation for related languages. A case study about machine translation for related languages between 10 major languages from India, which is one of the most linguistically diverse country in the world. The book presents important concepts and methods for machine translation involving related languages. In general, it serves as a good reference to NLP for related languages. It is intended for students, researchers and professionals interested in Machine Translation, Translation Studies, Multilingual Computing Machine and Natural Language Processing. It can be used as reference reading for courses in NLP and machine translation. Anoop Kunchukuttan is a Senior Applied Researcher at Microsoft India. His research spans various areas on multilingual and low-resource NLP. Pushpak Bhattacharyya is a Professor at the Department of Computer Science, IIT Bombay. His research areas are Natural Language Processing, Machine Learning and AI (NLP-ML-AI). Prof. Bhattacharyya has published more than 350 research papers in various areas of NLP.
Download or read book Machine Translation and Translation Theory written by Christa Hauenschild and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-08-02 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series serves to propagate investigations into language usage, especially with respect to computational support. This includes all forms of text handling activity, not only interlingual translations, but also conversions carried out in response to different communicative tasks. Among the major topics are problems of text transfer and the interplay between human and machine activities.
Download or read book Linguistic Issues in Machine Translation written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recent Advances in Example Based Machine Translation written by M. Carl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent Advances in Example-Based Machine Translation is of relevance to researchers and program developers in the field of Machine Translation and especially Example-Based Machine Translation, bilingual text processing and cross-linguistic information retrieval. It is also of interest to translation technologists and localisation professionals. Recent Advances in Example-Based Machine Translation fills a void, because it is the first book to tackle the issue of EBMT in depth. It gives a state-of-the-art overview of EBMT techniques and provides a coherent structure in which all aspects of EBMT are embedded. Its contributions are written by long-standing researchers in the field of MT in general, and EBMT in particular. This book can be used in graduate-level courses in machine translation and statistical NLP.
Download or read book Quality Estimation for Machine Translation written by Lucia Specia and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many applications within natural language processing involve performing text-to-text transformations, i.e., given a text in natural language as input, systems are required to produce a version of this text (e.g., a translation), also in natural language, as output. Automatically evaluating the output of such systems is an important component in developing text-to-text applications. Two approaches have been proposed for this problem: (i) to compare the system outputs against one or more reference outputs using string matching-based evaluation metrics and (ii) to build models based on human feedback to predict the quality of system outputs without reference texts. Despite their popularity, reference-based evaluation metrics are faced with the challenge that multiple good (and bad) quality outputs can be produced by text-to-text approaches for the same input. This variation is very hard to capture, even with multiple reference texts. In addition, reference-based metrics cannot be used in production (e.g., online machine translation systems), when systems are expected to produce outputs for any unseen input. In this book, we focus on the second set of metrics, so-called Quality Estimation (QE) metrics, where the goal is to provide an estimate on how good or reliable the texts produced by an application are without access to gold-standard outputs. QE enables different types of evaluation that can target different types of users and applications. Machine learning techniques are used to build QE models with various types of quality labels and explicit features or learnt representations, which can then predict the quality of unseen system outputs. This book describes the topic of QE for text-to-text applications, covering quality labels, features, algorithms, evaluation, uses, and state-of-the-art approaches. It focuses on machine translation as application, since this represents most of the QE work done to date. It also briefly describes QE for several other applications, including text simplification, text summarization, grammatical error correction, and natural language generation.
Download or read book Machine Translation written by Thierry Poibeau and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise, nontechnical overview of the development of machine translation, including the different approaches, evaluation issues, and major players in the industry. The dream of a universal translation device goes back many decades, long before Douglas Adams's fictional Babel fish provided this service in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. Since the advent of computers, research has focused on the design of digital machine translation tools—computer programs capable of automatically translating a text from a source language to a target language. This has become one of the most fundamental tasks of artificial intelligence. This volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series offers a concise, nontechnical overview of the development of machine translation, including the different approaches, evaluation issues, and market potential. The main approaches are presented from a largely historical perspective and in an intuitive manner, allowing the reader to understand the main principles without knowing the mathematical details. The book begins by discussing problems that must be solved during the development of a machine translation system and offering a brief overview of the evolution of the field. It then takes up the history of machine translation in more detail, describing its pre-digital beginnings, rule-based approaches, the 1966 ALPAC (Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee) report and its consequences, the advent of parallel corpora, the example-based paradigm, the statistical paradigm, the segment-based approach, the introduction of more linguistic knowledge into the systems, and the latest approaches based on deep learning. Finally, it considers evaluation challenges and the commercial status of the field, including activities by such major players as Google and Systran.
Download or read book Text Linguistics and Translation written by Ismat Al-Massri and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2013-03-21 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The key purpose of this work is to examine the interrelationship between the field of text linguistics and translation with specific reference to computer translation. The question arises whether machine translation can ever be a practicable and reliable substitute for human translators. Based on this premise, this study assesses the effectiveness of machine translation software in its ability to translate the nuances of text linguistics from a source language to a target language. Following a literature review of text linguistics covering a number of textual analysis models and translation studies including machine translation, the primary research utilises a qualitative research methodology by means of text-based assessment. Three text samples are drawn from each of the following six text linguistic categories: register, pragmatics, semiotics, text type, genre and discourse. Using three leading Arabic translation software programmes the text samples are subjected to a comparative evaluation.
Download or read book Multiword Units in Machine Translation and Translation Technology written by Ruslan Mitkov and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2018-07-15 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The correct interpretation of Multiword Units (MWUs) is crucial to many applications in Natural Language Processing but is a challenging and complex task. In recent years, the computational treatment of MWUs has received considerable attention but there is much more to be done before we can claim that NLP and Machine Translation (MT) systems process MWUs successfully. This volume provides a general overview of the field with particular reference to Machine Translation and Translation Technology and focuses on languages such as English, Basque, French, Romanian, German, Dutch and Croatian, among others. The chapters of the volume illustrate a variety of topics that address this challenge, such as the use of rule-based approaches, compound splitting techniques, MWU identification methodologies in multilingual applications, and MWU alignment issues.
Download or read book Linguistically Motivated Statistical Machine Translation written by Deyi Xiong and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-02-11 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a wide variety of algorithms and models to integrate linguistic knowledge into Statistical Machine Translation (SMT). It helps advance conventional SMT to linguistically motivated SMT by enhancing the following three essential components: translation, reordering and bracketing models. It also serves the purpose of promoting the in-depth study of the impacts of linguistic knowledge on machine translation. Finally it provides a systematic introduction of Bracketing Transduction Grammar (BTG) based SMT, one of the state-of-the-art SMT formalisms, as well as a case study of linguistically motivated SMT on a BTG-based platform.
Download or read book Translation Engines Techniques for Machine Translation written by Arturo Trujillo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-10-08 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Machine translation (MT) is the area of computer science and applied linguistics dealing with the translation of human languages such as English and German. MT on the Internet has become an important tool by providing fast, economical and useful translations. With globalisation and expanding trade, demand for translation is set to grow. Translation Engines covers theoretical and practical aspects of MT, both classic and new, including: - Character sets and formatting languages - Translation memory - Linguistic and computational foundations - Basic computational linguistic techniques - Transfer and interlingua MT - Evaluation Software accompanies the text, providing readers with hands on experience of the main algorithms.
Download or read book Computers in Translation written by John Newton and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-09-11 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers have been attempting to develop systems that would emulate the human translation process for some forty years. What is it about human language that makes this such a daunting challenge? While other software packages have achieved rapid and lasting success, machine translation has failed to penetrate the worldwide market to any appreciable extent. Does this merely reflect a reluctance to adopt it, or does it signal a more fundamental and intractable problem? Computers in Translation is a comprehensive guide to the practical issues surrounding machine translation and computer-based translation tools. Translators, system designers, system operators and researchers present the facts about machine translation: its history, its successes, its limitations and its potential. Three chapters deal with actual machine translation applications, discussing installations including the METEO system, used in Canada to translate weather forecasts and weather reports,and the system used in the Foreign Technology Division of the US Air Force.
