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Book Linear Electric Actuators and Generators

Download or read book Linear Electric Actuators and Generators written by I. Boldea and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-03-28 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with LEAs that convert electric energy into controlled mechanical motion of limited travel and LEGs that transform mechanical energy into electric energy. Examples range from loudspeakers and microphones to magnetically levitated material transfer in ultraclean rooms. Much of the literature on linear actuators and generators covers the principles of operation and performance calculations of these devices. Little has been published on their control or on detailed design methodologies. This book presents the first unified treatment of the subject, including the construction, operation, control, and design of LEAs and LEGs. Chapters describe linear induction, permanent-magnet, linear reluctance, switched reluctance, and linear stepper actuators, as well as various types of linear electric generators. The text is amply illustrated with numerous design examples, and will appeal to graduate students and researchers in electrical, mechanical, and design engineering.

Book Linear Electric Machines  Drives  and MAGLEVs Handbook

Download or read book Linear Electric Machines Drives and MAGLEVs Handbook written by Ion Boldea and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on author Ion Boldea’s 40 years of experience and the latest research, Linear Electric Machines, Drives, and Maglevs Handbook provides a practical and comprehensive resource on the steady improvement in this field. The book presents in-depth reviews of basic concepts and detailed explorations of complex subjects, including classifications and practical topologies, with sample results based on an up-to-date survey of the field. Packed with case studies, this state-of-the-art handbook covers topics such as modeling, steady state, and transients as well as control, design, and testing of linear machines and drives. It includes discussion of types and applications—from small compressors for refrigerators to MAGLEV transportation—of linear electric machines. Additional topics include low and high speed linear induction or synchronous motors, with and without PMs, with progressive or oscillatory linear motion, from topologies through modeling, design, dynamics, and control. With a breadth and depth of coverage not found in currently available references, this book includes formulas and methods that make it an authoritative and comprehensive resource for use in R&D and testing of innovative solutions to new industrial challenges in linear electric motion/energy automatic control.

Book Electric Generators Handbook   Two Volume Set

Download or read book Electric Generators Handbook Two Volume Set written by Ion Boldea and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 1100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric Generators Handbook, Second Edition: Two-Volume Set supplies state-of-the-art tools necessary to design, validate, and deploy the right power generation technologies to fulfill tomorrow's complex energy needs. The first volume, Synchronous Generators, explores large- and medium-power synchronous generator topologies, steady state, modeling, transients, control, design, and testing. Numerous case studies, worked-out examples, sample results, and illustrations highlight the concepts. Fully revised and updated to reflect the last decade’s worth of progress in the field, the Second Edition adds coverage of high-power wind generators with fewer or no PMs, PM-assisted DC-excited salient pole synchronous generators, autonomous synchronous generators’ control, line switching parameter identification for isolated grids, synthetic back-to-back load testing with inverter supply, and more. The second volume, Variable Speed Generators, provides extensive coverage of variable speed generators in distributed generation and renewable energy applications around the world. Numerous design and control examples illustrate the exposition. Fully revised and updated to reflect the last decade’s worth of progress in the field, the Second Edition adds material on doubly fed induction generator control under unbalanced voltage sags and nonlinear loads, interior permanent magnet claw-pole-alternator systems, high power factor Vernier PM generators, PM-assisted reluctance synchronous motors/generators for electric hybrid vehicles, and more.

Book Linear Motion Electromagnetic Devices

Download or read book Linear Motion Electromagnetic Devices written by I. Boldea and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1997 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Linear electric motors (LEMS) produce directly linear, progressive or oscillatory linear motion through electromagnetic forces. LEMS enjoy small, but very dynamic, worldwide markets in various applications, such as urban and airport people movers, loudspeakers, relays, door-lock openers, magnetic bearings, vibrators, refrigerator compressors, and small vacuum or liquid pumps. This book discusses linear induction motors, linear permanent magnetic synchronous motors, linear permanent magnet pulse motors, linear (plunger) solenoids with fast response, and linear oscillomotors. A disk containing Mathcad codes for the examples is included

Book Evaluation of Ocean Energy Conversion Based on Linear Generator Concepts

Download or read book Evaluation of Ocean Energy Conversion Based on Linear Generator Concepts written by Michael A. Stelzer and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2012-07-03 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: EVALUATION OF OCEAN-ENERGY CONVERSION BASED ON LINEAR GENERATOR CONCEPTS As the world continues to demand greater productivity and lifestyle enrichment through technological advancements, the demand for electrical power is predicted to escalate dramatically. Thus far, this increased demand has been primarily supplied from fossil fueled plants. Unfortunately, the burning of fossil fuels produce harmful carbon dioxide pollution as a by-product. It has been hypothesized that unless a clean, renewable, and efficient alternate source of energy is found soon, the world may either exhaust its supplies of energy-producing materials or drastically degrade its environment. However, motions that occur naturally, such as ocean waves, can play a significant role in generating environmentally safe and economically viable energy for human utilization. The focus of this work predicts the electrical power generation capabilities from a seabed mounted linear generator tethered to a floating buoy heaving under the influence of passing ocean surface waves. Mathematical models are introduced which simulate the oceans' surface conditions under both the regular (basic) and irregular (natural) wave regimes, the heave (vertical displacement) response for a floating buoy, and the resulting electrical output parameters of the linear generator. Within these models, various physical and electrical parameters are altered in an attempt to generate a greater output power for a given sea state condition, making the Wave Energy Converter (WEC) more efficient. It is shown theoretically that the buoy can be designed to have a greater heave response than that of the height of a passing wave resulting in an increase in generated power from the linear generator. Author Information: Dr. Michael A. Stelzer is a Certified Project Manager and Senior Electronic Technician with a Ph.D. in Electrical and Computer Engineering. During his career to date, Mr. Stelzer has published four additional educational titles and has been admitted into Cambridge Who's Who top 101 industry experts.

Book Synchronous Generators

Download or read book Synchronous Generators written by Ion Boldea and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-09-03 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synchronous Generators, the first of two volumes in the Electric Generators Handbook, offers a thorough introduction to electrical energy and electricity generation, including the basic principles of electric generators. The book devotes a chapter to the most representative prime mover models for transients used in active control of various generators. Then, individual chapters explore large- and medium-power synchronous generator topologies, steady state, modeling, transients, control, design, and testing. Numerous case studies, worked-out examples, sample results, and illustrations highlight the concepts. Fully revised and updated to reflect the last decade’s worth of progress in the field, this Second Edition adds new sections that: Discuss high-power wind generators with fewer or no permanent magnets (PMs) Cover PM-assisted DC-excited salient pole synchronous generators Present multiphase synchronous machine inductances via the winding function method Consider the control of autonomous synchronous generators Examine additional optimization design issues Illustrate the optimal design of a large wind generator by the Hooke–Jeeves method Detail the magnetic equivalent circuit population-based optimal design of synchronous generators Address online identification of synchronous generator parameters Explain the small-signal injection online technique Explore line switching (on or off) parameter identification for isolated grids Describe synthetic back-to-back load testing with inverter supply The promise of renewable, sustainable energy rests on our ability to design innovative power systems that are able to harness energy from a variety of sources. Synchronous Generators, Second Edition supplies state-of-the-art tools necessary to design, validate, and deploy the right power generation technologies to fulfill tomorrow's complex energy needs.

Book Variable Speed Generators

Download or read book Variable Speed Generators written by Ion Boldea and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-09-03 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Variable Speed Generators, the second of two volumes in the Electric Generators Handbook, provides extensive coverage of variable speed generators in distributed generation and renewable energy applications around the world. The book delves into the steady state, transients, control, and design of claw-pole-rotor synchronous, induction, permanent-magnet-(PM)-assisted synchronous, and switched reluctance starter alternators for electric hybrid vehicles. It discusses PM synchronous, transverse flux PM, and flux reversal PM generators for low-speed wind and hydro energy conversion. It also explores linear motion alternators for residential and spacecraft applications. Numerous design and control examples illustrate the exposition. Fully revised and updated to reflect the last decade’s worth of progress in the field, this Second Edition adds new sections that: Address the ride-through control of doubly fed induction generators under unbalanced voltage sags Consider the control of stand-alone doubly fed induction generators under unbalanced nonlinear loads Detail a stand-alone squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) with AC output and a low-rating pulse-width modulated (PWM) converter Present a twin stator winding SCIG with 50 percent rating inverter and diode rectifier, and a dual stator winding induction generator with nested cage rotor Examine interior permanent magnet claw-pole-alternator systems for more vehicle braking energy recuperation, and high power factor Vernier PM generators Depict a PM-assisted reluctance synchronous motor/generator for an electric hybrid vehicle, and a double stator switched reluctance generator with segmented rotor Describe the grid to stand-alone transition motion-sensorless dual-inverter control of permanent magnet synchronous generators with asymmetrical grid voltage sags and harmonics filtering The promise of renewable, sustainable energy rests on our ability to design innovative power systems that are able to harness energy from a variety of sources. Variable Speed Generators, Second Edition supplies state-of-the-art tools necessary to design, validate, and deploy the right power generation technologies to fulfill tomorrow's complex energy needs.

Book Linear Synchronous Motors

Download or read book Linear Synchronous Motors written by Jacek F. Gieras and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-04-20 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considered to be the first book devoted to the subject, Linear Synchronous Motors: Transportation and Automation Systems, Second Edition evaluates the state of the art, demonstrating the technological innovations that are improving the design, construction, and performance of modern control systems. This new edition not only illustrates the development of linear synchronous motor drives, but it also discusses useful techniques for selecting a motor that will meet the specific requirements of linear electrical drives. New Features for the Second Edition: Several updated and expanded sections, as well as two new chapters on FEM Even more numerical examples, calculations, and mathematical models Broadened target audience that includes researchers, scientists, students, and more Evaluating trends and practical techniques for achieving optimal system performance, the authors showcase ready-to-implement solutions for common roadblocks in this process. The book presents fundamental equations and calculations used to determine and evaluate system operation, efficiency, and reliability, with an exploration of modern computer-aided design of linear synchronous motors, including the finite element approach. It covers topics such as linear sensors and stepping motors, magnetic levitation systems, elevators, and factory automation systems. It also features case studies on flat PM, tubular PM, air-cored, and hybrid linear synchronous motors, as well as 3D finite element method analysis of tubular linear reluctance motors, and linear oscillatory actuators. With such an exceptional presentation of practical tools and conceptual illustrations, this volume is an especially powerful resource. It will benefit readers from all walks by providing numerical examples, models, guidelines, and diagrams to help develop a clear understanding of linear synchronous motor operations, characteristics, and much more.

Book Advances in Systems  Control and Automation

Download or read book Advances in Systems Control and Automation written by Avinash Konkani and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-11 with total page 727 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprises the select proceedings of the ETAEERE 2016 conference. The book aims to shed light on different systems or machines along with their complex operation, behaviors, and linear–nonlinear relationship in different environments. It covers problems of multivariable control systems and provides the necessary background for performing research in the field of control and automation. Aimed at helping readers understand the classical and modern design of different intelligent automated systems, the book presents coverage on the control of linear and nonlinear systems, intelligent systems, stochastic control, knowledge-based systems applications, fault diagnosis and tolerant control, real-time control applications, etc. The contents of this volume will prove useful to researchers and professionals alike.

Book Electric Machines

    Book Details:
  • Author : Ion Boldea
  • Publisher : CRC Press
  • Release : 2021-10-08
  • ISBN : 1000455823
  • Pages : 341 pages

Download or read book Electric Machines written by Ion Boldea and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-10-08 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With its comprehensive coverage of the state of the art, this Second Edition introduces basic types of transformers and electric machines. Classifications and characterization—modeling and performance—of power electric transformers (single and multiphase), motors and generators, commercial machines (dc brush, induction dc excited synchronous, PM synchronous, reluctance synchronous) and some new ones (multiphase ac machines, switched reluctance machines) with great potential for industry with rotary or linear motion are all treated in the book. The book covers, in detail, circuit modeling characteristics and performance characteristics under steady state, testing techniques and preliminary electromagnetic-thermic dimensioning with lots of solved numerical examples and special cases to illustrate new electric machines with strong industrialization potential. All formulae used to characterize parameters and performance may be safely used in industry for preliminary designs and have been applied in the book through numerical solved examples of industrial interest. Numerous computer simulation programs in MATLAB® and Simulink® that illustrate performance characteristics present in the chapters are included and many be used as homework to facilitate a deeper understanding of fundamental issues. This book is intended for a first-semester course covering electric transformers, rotary and linear machines, steady-state modeling and performance computation, preliminary dimensioning, and testing standardized and innovative techniques. The textbook may be used by R&D engineers in industry as all machine parameters and characteristics are calculated by ready-to-use industrial design mathematical expressions.

Book Electric Drives

Download or read book Electric Drives written by Ion Boldea and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-09-15 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric Drives provides a practical understanding of the subtleties involved in the operation of modern electric drives. The Third Edition of this bestselling textbook has been fully updated and greatly expanded to incorporate the latest technologies used to save energy and increase productivity, stability, and reliability. Every phrase, equation, number, and reference in the text has been revisited, with the necessary changes made throughout. In addition, new references to key research and development activities have been included to accurately reflect the current state of the art. Nearly 120 new pages covering recent advances, such as those made in the sensorless control of A.C. motor drives, have been added; as have two new chapters on advanced scalar control and multiphase electric machine drives. All solved numerical examples have been retained, and the 10 MATLAB®–Simulink® programs remain online. Thus, Electric Drives, Third Edition offers an up-to-date synthesis of the basic and advanced control of electric drives, with ample material for a two-semester course at the university level.

Book Electric Drives  Second Edition

Download or read book Electric Drives Second Edition written by Ion Boldea and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-08-22 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric drives are everywhere, and with the looming promise of electric vehicles and renewable energy, they will become more complex and the demands on their capabilities will continue to increase. To keep up with these trends, students require hands-on knowledge and a keen understanding of the subtleties involved in the operation of modern electric drives. The best-selling first edition of Electric Drives provided such an understanding, and this Second Edition offers the same approach with up-to-date coverage of all major types of electric drives, both constant and variable speed. This book provides a self-contained treatment of low-, medium-, and large-power drives illustrated by numerous application examples, problems, digital simulation results, and test results for both steady state and dynamic operation. This edition features updated material in every chapter, including references; new material on AC brush series motors, capacitor-split inductor motors, single-phase PMSMs and switched reluctance motors, and tooth-wound PMSMs, all with numerical examples; new case studies on AC synchronous and induction motors; and a new chapter on control of electric generators. The companion CD-ROM features the full text, class slides for instructors, and MATLAB® simulations of 10 closed-loop drives, two of which are new to this edition. With a practical, hands-on approach, Electric Drives, Second Edition is the ideal textbook to help students design, simulate, build, and test modern electric drives, from simple to complex.

Book Electrical Machine Analysis Using Finite Elements

Download or read book Electrical Machine Analysis Using Finite Elements written by Nicola Bianchi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the fan motor in your PC to precision control of aircraft, electrical machines of all sizes, varieties, and levels of complexity permeate our world. Some are very simple, while others require exacting and application-specific design. Electrical Machine Analysis Using Finite Elements provides the tools necessary for the analysis and design of any type of electrical machine by integrating mathematical/numerical techniques with analytical and design methodologies. Building successively from simple to complex analyses, this book leads you step-by-step through the procedures and illustrates their implementation with examples of both traditional and innovative machines. Although the examples are of specific devices, they demonstrate how the procedures apply to any type of electrical machine, introducing a preliminary theory followed by various considerations for the unique circumstance. The author presents the mathematical background underlying the analysis, but emphasizes application of the techniques, common strategies, and obtained results. He also supplies codes for simple algorithms and reveals analytical methodologies that universally apply to any software program. With step-by-step coverage of the fundamentals and common procedures, Electrical Machine Analysis Using Finite Elements offers a superior analytical framework that allows you to adapt to any electrical machine, to any software platform, and to any specific requirements that you may encounter.

Book Design  Analysis and Application of Magnetless Doubly Salient Machines

Download or read book Design Analysis and Application of Magnetless Doubly Salient Machines written by Christopher H. T. Lee and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-22 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis investigates the key characteristics of magnetless doubly salient machines, evaluates their design philosophies, and proposes new topologies for various applications. It discusses the background of and previous research on magnetless machines, while also outlining upcoming trends and potential future developments. The thesis begins by presenting various torque-improving structures – namely the multi-tooth structure, the double-rotor (DR) structure, the axial-field (AF) structure, and the flux-reversal (FR) structure – for magnetless machines. It subsequently addresses the idea of merging the design philosophies of two different machines to form new dual-mode machines. Thanks to a reconfigured winding arrangement and controllable DC-field excitation, the proposed machines can further extend their operating range to meet the extreme demands of applications in electric vehicles and wind power generation. Lastly, the thesis employs the finite element method (FEM) to thoroughly analyze the proposed machines’ key performance parameters and develops experimental setups to verify the proposed concepts.

Book Renewable Energy

    Book Details:
  • Author : Manuel Perez Donsion
  • Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
  • Release : 2016-03-08
  • ISBN : 1443889970
  • Pages : 670 pages

Download or read book Renewable Energy written by Manuel Perez Donsion and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2016-03-08 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From a scientific point of view, several challenges to renewable energy come from the intermittent nature of energy sources such as wind, solar photovoltaic and solar thermal. These problems are currently being addressed with research on power electronics converters, storage systems, Artificial Intelligence techniques, new materials and production technologies, numerical analysis techniques, among others. This research endeavours to reduce costs and find alternative energy sources that are competitive with fossil fuels. Consequently, these efforts of the scientific community will contribute to improving the quality of life on the planet. This book summarises ten years of contributions to these topics, and contains a selection of the best papers presented at the International Conferences on Renewable Energy and Power Quality (ICREPQ) from 2003 to 2012. These contributions have been selected by a team of voluntary reviewers, with two to four reviewers assigned to each paper. At the end of this process only about 5% of all presented papers were selected. Considering each paper had been reviewed before, in order to be accepted for the conference, the selected papers represent “the best of the best”. The contributors to this book represent some of the leading authorities in their areas of expertise. This book will be of particular interest to professional engineers and researchers dealing with renewable energy exploitation, but will also prove useful to postgraduate level students. In addition, it can be used as a reference book for engineers, physicists and mathematicians who are interested and involved in the operation, project management, design, and analysis of renewable sources equipment.

Book The Electrical Engineering Handbook   Six Volume Set

Download or read book The Electrical Engineering Handbook Six Volume Set written by Richard C. Dorf and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-14 with total page 3672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In two editions spanning more than a decade, The Electrical Engineering Handbook stands as the definitive reference to the multidisciplinary field of electrical engineering. Our knowledge continues to grow, and so does the Handbook. For the third edition, it has grown into a set of six books carefully focused on specialized areas or fields of study. Each one represents a concise yet definitive collection of key concepts, models, and equations in its respective domain, thoughtfully gathered for convenient access. Combined, they constitute the most comprehensive, authoritative resource available. Circuits, Signals, and Speech and Image Processing presents all of the basic information related to electric circuits and components, analysis of circuits, the use of the Laplace transform, as well as signal, speech, and image processing using filters and algorithms. It also examines emerging areas such as text to speech synthesis, real-time processing, and embedded signal processing. Electronics, Power Electronics, Optoelectronics, Microwaves, Electromagnetics, and Radar delves into the fields of electronics, integrated circuits, power electronics, optoelectronics, electromagnetics, light waves, and radar, supplying all of the basic information required for a deep understanding of each area. It also devotes a section to electrical effects and devices and explores the emerging fields of microlithography and power electronics. Sensors, Nanoscience, Biomedical Engineering, and Instruments provides thorough coverage of sensors, materials and nanoscience, instruments and measurements, and biomedical systems and devices, including all of the basic information required to thoroughly understand each area. It explores the emerging fields of sensors, nanotechnologies, and biological effects. Broadcasting and Optical Communication Technology explores communications, information theory, and devices, covering all of the basic information needed for a thorough understanding of these areas. It also examines the emerging areas of adaptive estimation and optical communication. Computers, Software Engineering, and Digital Devices examines digital and logical devices, displays, testing, software, and computers, presenting the fundamental concepts needed to ensure a thorough understanding of each field. It treats the emerging fields of programmable logic, hardware description languages, and parallel computing in detail. Systems, Controls, Embedded Systems, Energy, and Machines explores in detail the fields of energy devices, machines, and systems as well as control systems. It provides all of the fundamental concepts needed for thorough, in-depth understanding of each area and devotes special attention to the emerging area of embedded systems. Encompassing the work of the world's foremost experts in their respective specialties, The Electrical Engineering Handbook, Third Edition remains the most convenient, reliable source of information available. This edition features the latest developments, the broadest scope of coverage, and new material on nanotechnologies, fuel cells, embedded systems, and biometrics. The engineering community has relied on the Handbook for more than twelve years, and it will continue to be a platform to launch the next wave of advancements. The Handbook's latest incarnation features a protective slipcase, which helps you stay organized without overwhelming your bookshelf. It is an attractive addition to any collection, and will help keep each volume of the Handbook as fresh as your latest research.

Book Control of Non conventional Synchronous Motors

Download or read book Control of Non conventional Synchronous Motors written by Jean-Paul Louis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-04 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classical synchronous motors are the most effective device to drive industrial production systems and robots with precision and rapidity. However, numerous applications require efficient controls in non-conventional situations. Firstly, this is the case with synchronous motors supplied by thyristor line-commutated inverters, or with synchronous motors with faults on one or several phases. Secondly, many drive systems use non-conventional motors such as polyphase (more than three phases) synchronous motors, synchronous motors with double excitation, permanent magnet linear synchronous motors, synchronous and switched reluctance motors, stepping motors and piezoelectric motors. This book presents efficient controls to improve the use of these non-conventional motors. Contents 1. Self-controlled Synchronous Motor: Principles of Function and Simplified Control Model, Francis Labrique and François Baudart. 2. Self-controlled Synchronous Motor: Dynamic Model Including the Behavior of Damper Windings and Commutation Overlap, Ernest Matagne. 3. Synchronous Machines in Degraded Mode, Damien Flieller, Ngac Ky Nguyen, Hervé Schwab and Guy Sturtzer. 4. Control of the Double-star Synchronous Machine Supplied by PWM Inverters, Mohamed Fouad Benkhoris. 5. Vectorial Modeling and Control of Multiphase Machines with Non-salient Poles Supplied by an Inverter, Xavier Kestelyn and Éric Semail. 6. Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Machines, Nicolas Patin and Lionel Vido. 7. Advanced Control of the Linear Synchronous Motor, Ghislain Remy and Pierre-Jean Barre. 8. Variable Reluctance Machines: Modeling and Control, Mickael Hilairet, Thierry Lubin and Abdelmounaïm Tounzi. 9. Control of the Stepping Motor, Bruno Robert and Moez Feki . 10. Control of Piezoelectric Actuators, Frédéric Giraud and Betty Lemaire-Semail.