Download or read book Limited Access Orders in the Developing World a New Approach to the Problems of Development written by Douglass C. North and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Limited Access Orders in the Developing World written by Douglass C. North and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The upper-income, advanced industrial countries of the world today all have market economies with open competition, competitive multi-party democratic political systems, and a secure government monopoly over violence. Such open access orders, however, are not the only norm and equilibrium type of society. The middle and low-income developing countries today, like all countries before about 1800, can be understood as limited access orders that maintain their equilibrium in a fundamentally different way. In limited access orders, the state does not have a secure monopoly on violence, and society organizes itself to control violence among the elite factions. A common feature of limited access orders is that political elites divide up control of the economy, each getting some share of the rents. Since outbreaks of violence reduce the rents, the elite factions have incentives to be peaceable most of the time. Adequate stability of the rents and thus of the social order requires limiting access and competition-hence a social order with a fundamentally different logic than the open access order. This paper lays out such a framework and explores some of its implications for the problems of development today.
Download or read book Limited Access Orders in the Developing World a New Approach to the Problems of Development written by Douglass C. North and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The upper-income, advanced industrial countries of the world today all have market economies with open competition, competitive multi-party democratic political systems, and a secure government monopoly over violence. Such open access orders, however, are not the only norm and equilibrium type of society. The middle and low-income developing countries today, like all countries before about 1800, can be understood as limited access orders that maintain their equilibrium in a fundamentally different way. In limited access orders, the state does not have a secure monopoly on violence, and society organizes itself to control violence among the elite factions. A common feature of limited access orders is that political elites divide up control of the economy, each getting some share of the rents. Since outbreaks of violence reduce the rents, the elite factions have incentives to be peaceable most of the time. Adequate stability of the rents and thus of the social order requires limiting access and competition-hence a social order with a fundamentally different logic than the open access order. This paper lays out such a framework and explores some of its implications for the problems of development today.
Download or read book Violence and Social Orders written by Douglass Cecil North and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-02-26 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book integrates the problem of violence into a larger framework, showing how economic and political behavior are closely linked.
Download or read book In the Shadow of Violence written by Douglass C. North and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains how political control of economic privileges is used to limit violence and coordinate coalitions of powerful organizations.
Download or read book Beyond Dependency written by Guy F. Erb and published by New York : Praeger Publishers. This book was released on 1975 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compilation of articles presenting the views of developing countries concerning the future development of the world economic system, economic relations and international relations - discusses topics such as self reliance and interdependence, critical political problem areas such as the role of multinational enterprise and foreign investment, population policy, international monetary reform, multilateral aid, the role of UN, the world balance of political power, etc. References.
Download or read book Capacity for Development written by Sakiko Fukuda-Parr and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'The United Nations system was a pioneer in the field of technical cooperation, and capacity development is its central mandate. UNDP has long played an important leadership role in both, as a source of technical cooperation funds and advisory services and as the home of innovative intellectual research and analysis on how to make them more efficient and effective. This book [presents] a vision that builds on new possibilities for knowledge-sharing, for which the revolution in information and communications technologies offers ample opportunities... a vision that is firmly founded on genuine ownership by the ultimate beneficiaries of development efforts: the government and citizens of developing countries' From the Foreword by MARK MALLOCH BROWN, Administrator, UNDP Capacity for Development brings together innovative and well-supported studies of technical cooperation along with its potential to build sustainable capacities in developing countries, by enhancing the knowledge, skills and productive aptitudes of their populations. A team of eminent development professionals and economists examine the achievements of technical cooperation and offer recommendations for reform in the context of globalization, democratisation, the information revolution and the growth of capacities in the South. They analyse the issues from three perspectives: ownership, capacity enablers and knowledge. The team show how the complex processes involved can be restructured to produce local involvement and empowerment, set out a normative framework for the input from society, and describe a new paradigm of knowledge for capacity building in the network age. This book will be essential reading for all development professionals and policy-makers, as well as providing an invaluable research and teaching resource.
Download or read book Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
Download or read book From Keynes to Piketty written by Peter de Haan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-25 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Keynes to Piketty provides the reader with an accessible and entertaining insight into the development of economic thought over the past century. Starting with John Maynard Keynes's bestseller, The Economic Consequences of Peace (1919), and ending with Thomas Piketty's blockbuster, Capital in the Twenty First Century (2014), the author explains which dramatic political and economic events changed the way economists interpreted these events, and how they revolutionized the economic science. The book contains biographies of Keynes, Schumpeter, Galbraith, Hayek, Friedman, Hirschman, North, and Piketty, alongside others, and highlights their extraordinary lives and works, anecdotes about them, and their often sharp differences of opinion. Extensive summaries of their main works provide the interested scholar and student with an accurate presentation of their contents. A must-read for all those who wonder what happened to economics during the past century, and why.
Download or read book The Future of Freedom in the Developing World written by Edgar Owens and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 1987 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book State Building in Kosovo written by Andrea Lorenzo Capussela and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2015-03-19 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of Kosovo is a complicated one which typifies the darker side of modern Balkan history. Milosevic s Serbia withdrew from Kosovo in 1999 and the province was handed over to a special UN body who governed until 2008, when the West allowed Kosovo to become independent. The aim was to erect a stable and well governed democracy, but the outcome was a fragile state, which still threatens the stability of the Balkans and Europe s internal security. How did this happen? Here, Andrea Lorenzo Capussela offers an inside look at the process of building democracy in Kosovo. As head of the economics unit of Kosovo s international supervisor, Capussela has had access to previously unknown sources and information regarding the roles of the EU and the US in the crisis. This will be an essential reading for those studying the Kosovo crisis.
Download or read book Shaping the Developing World written by Andy Baker and published by CQ Press. This book was released on 2021-01-07 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why are some countries rich and others poor? Colonialism, globalization, bad government, gender inequality, geography, and environmental degradation are just some of the potential answers to this complex question. Using a threefold framework of the West, the South, and the natural world, Shaping the Developing World provides a logical and intuitive structure for categorizing and evaluating the causes of underdevelopment. This interdisciplinary book also describes the social, political, and economic aspects of development and is relevant to students in political science, international studies, geography, sociology, economics, gender studies, and anthropology. The Second Edition has been updated to include the most recent development statistics and to incorporate new research on topics like climate change, democratization, religion and prosperity, the resource curse, and more. This second edition also contains expanded discussions of gender, financial inclusion, crime and police killings, and the Middle East, including the Syrian Civil War.
Download or read book In the Shadow of Violence written by Douglass C. North and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper extends the North, Wallis, and Weingast (2009) framework for understanding the problems of development. Our approach distinguishes two development problems that are normally conflated. Most approaches to development focus on the second problem, namely, the transition of societies from limited access orders (LAOs), which limit access to organizations, to open access orders (OAOs), which allows any body to form an organization. In contrast, the first challenge involves the development of LAO societies toward forms of organization that enable more economic output, reduced violence, stable political outcomes, and greater individual well being within the LAO framework. Most World Bank borrowers face the first challenge.The control of violence is central to the logic of all LAOs and is therefore at the heart of the problem of development. Because the traditional economic framework fails to understand that LAO's are organized to prevent violence, its policy recommendations usually fail to produce development and sometimes exacerbate the problem. Indeed, the Washington consensus of the 2000s is dominated by efforts to embed institutions of open access orders - property rights, entry into markets, elections, and institutions of good governance - directly into limited access orders. These efforts focus on the second development problem, not the first; they are therefore miss-targeted. Instead, our approach provides specific implications of the approach for development policy in four areas: rents and market constraints, organizations, democracy and elections, and organizations with violence capacity.
Download or read book Decentralization and Infrastructure in the Global Economy written by Jonas Frank and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-07-03 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subnational dimension of infrastructure has emerged as one of the greatest challenges in contemporary public finance policy and management. Ensuring the efficient provision of infrastructure represents a challenge for all countries irrespective of their level of centralization or decentralization. This book proposes an innovative approach for the strengthening of decentralized public investment and infrastructure management. Decentralization and Infrastructure in the Global Economy: From Gaps to Solutions covers the most important aspects of infrastructure investment in a decentralized setting. It discusses infrastructure gaps and the quality of subnational spending; how functional responsibilities, financing and equalization can be designed; sector-specific arrangements in high expenditure areas, such as health, education and roads; key steps of the public investment cycle and management; and analyses the political economy and corruption challenges that typically accompany decentralized infrastructure projects. This book challenges some of the well-accepted principles of intergovernmental fiscal relations and will be useful to researchers and practitioners of public finance policy and management.
Download or read book Focus on governance for more effective policy and technical support written by Bojic, D., Clark, M., Urban, K. and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2022-06-28 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are eight years left to reach the SDGs. Agrifood systems transformation is urgently needed if we are to achieve sustainability, resilience and food security and nutrition in a post-COVID world. This desired transformation can only be achieved by strengthening and capitalizing on the knowledge, experience, skills, and capabilities for collective action of a broad range of public and private actors each of whom bring distinctive interests, needs, resources, influence and capacities. “Governance” is the name for this multidimensional capability for effective and inclusive collective action at all levels. In many country contexts, it is the governance bottlenecks that lead to a gap between policy expectations and their outcomes on the ground. For example, a given policy intervention can make a lot of economic sense but if it is perceived as threatening a powerful interest group or not sufficiently considering that group’s interests, it will most probably fail. Understanding the governance – both institutions and political economy – behind existing agrifood systems can thus make or break the success of any policy or technical support work. Bringing together insights from FAO’s rich experience and knowledge and global literature, this paper introduces an operational four-phased framework for analysis and integration of governance analysis and action into formulation and implementation of interventions at country, regional and global levels. It also provides a review of recent trends in expert thinking about governance for sustainable development and highlights FAO’s conceptual contributions to governance in the areas of FAO’s mandate. The increased use of governance analysis in FAO’s work will stimulate iterative collective learning processes and honest evaluation of potential for change thus supplementing technical solutions with approaches based on a solid understanding of practical and political realities on the ground. With its emphasis on continual learning and adaptation, governance analysis will enable FAO to significantly improve the effectiveness of its policy and technical support to Members to achieve sustainable development that leaves no one behind.
Download or read book Limited Statehood and Informal Governance in the Middle East and Africa written by Ruth Hanau Santini and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybrid forms of governance – where the central state authority does not possess a monopoly of violence and fails to exercise control – are not only an epiphenomena, but a reality likely to persist. This book explores this phenomenon drawing on examples from the Middle East and Africa. It considers the different sorts of actors – state and non-state, public and private, national and transnational – which possess power, examines the dynamics of the relationships between central authorities and other actors, and reviews the varying outcomes. The book provides an alternative view of the way in which governance has been constructed and lived, puts forward a conceptualisation of various forms of governance which have hitherto been regarded as exceptions, and argues for such forms of governance to be regarded as part of the norm.
Download or read book Making It Big written by Andrea Ciani and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic and social progress requires a diverse ecosystem of firms that play complementary roles. Making It Big: Why Developing Countries Need More Large Firms constitutes one of the most up-to-date assessments of how large firms are created in low- and middle-income countries and their role in development. It argues that large firms advance a range of development objectives in ways that other firms do not: large firms are more likely to innovate, export, and offer training and are more likely to adopt international standards of quality, among other contributions. Their particularities are closely associated with productivity advantages and translate into improved outcomes not only for their owners but also for their workers and for smaller enterprises in their value chains. The challenge for economic development, however, is that production does not reach economic scale in low- and middle-income countries. Why are large firms scarcer in developing countries? Drawing on a rare set of data from public and private sources, as well as proprietary data from the International Finance Corporation and case studies, this book shows that large firms are often born large—or with the attributes of largeness. In other words, what is distinct about them is often in place from day one of their operations. To fill the “missing top†? of the firm-size distribution with additional large firms, governments should support the creation of such firms by opening markets to greater competition. In low-income countries, this objective can be achieved through simple policy reorientation, such as breaking oligopolies, removing unnecessary restrictions to international trade and investment, and establishing strong rules to prevent the abuse of market power. Governments should also strive to ensure that private actors have the skills, technology, intelligence, infrastructure, and finance they need to create large ventures. Additionally, they should actively work to spread the benefits from production at scale across the largest possible number of market participants. This book seeks to bring frontier thinking and evidence on the role and origins of large firms to a wide range of readers, including academics, development practitioners and policy makers.
