Download or read book Lessons Learned from Cyber Security Assessments of Scada and Energy Management Systems written by Ray Fink and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results from ten cyber security vulnerability assessments of process control, SCADA and energy management systems, or components of those systems were reviewed to identify common problem areas. The common vulnerabilities ranged from conventional IT security issues to specific weaknesses in control system protocols. In each vulnerability category, relative measures were assigned to the severity of the vulnerability and ease with which an attacker could exploit the vulnerability. Suggested mitigations are identified in each category. Recommended mitigations having the highest impact on reducing vulnerability are listed for asset owners and system vendors.

Download or read book Lessons Learned from Cyber Security written by U. S. Department of Energy and published by . This book was released on 2006-09-01 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) established the National SCADA Test Bed (NSTB) Program to help industry and government improve the security of the control systems used in the nation's critical energy infrastructures. The NSTB Program is funded and directed by the DOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (DOE-OE). A key part of the program is the assessment of digital control systems to identify vulnerabilities that could put the systems at risk for a cyber attack. This report summarizes the findings from cyber security assessments performed by Idaho National Laboratory (INL) as part of the NSTB Program. Findings are also included from INL assessments performed for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) under the Control System Security Program, managed by INL for the DHS National Cyber Security Division. The systems that were assessed ranged in complexity from a perimeter protection device, to small digital control systems, to large Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition/Energy Management Systems (SCADA/EMS) with complex networks, multiple servers and millions of lines of code. Assessments were performed in the INL SCADA Test Bed, in an INL process control systems test bed, and in operational installations (examining non-production or off-line systems). SCADA/EMS were of the greatest interest in the assessments because of their usual interconnections to critical infrastructure control equipment ranging from valves in oil and gas pipelines to switches and breakers in the national electric grid. If compromised, these systems provide a path to many critical end devices and to other SCADA/EMS This report includes information from ten assessments performed within the DOE and DHS programs in the time period from late 2004 through early 2006. These assessments were performed under Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs) between the system vendors or asset owners and the INL. The vendors and owners provided software, hardware, training, and technical support. The INL performed the cyber assessments and reported the results, including recommendations on ways to mitigate the vulnerabilities found. As noted above, some of these assessments were conducted at INL, others at asset owners' sites. Under the terms of the CRADAs and associated nondisclosure agreements, proprietary information is withheld from public disclosure. Results are therefore presented in a generic fashion in order to protect proprietary information, but every effort has been made to be specific enough to benefit those who provide, use, and secure the systems controlling our nation's critical infrastructure. The report focuses on vulnerabilities that were observed across multiple assessments. A fundamental criterion for including a vulnerability or recommendation in this report was that it is identified in at least two independent assessments. The results summarized in this report describe vulnerabilities that were found to be common in field installations, spanning different control system vendor and asset owner configurations. Asset owners can use these observations, and the corresponding recommendations for mitigation, as a basis for enhancing the security of their control systems. Control system vendors, system integrators, and third party vendors can use the lessons learned to enhance the security characteristics of current and future products.

Download or read book Optimization and Security Challenges in Smart Power Grids written by Vijay Pappu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-01 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of state-of-the-art research on “Systems and Optimization Aspects of Smart Grid Challenges.” The authors have compiled and integrated different aspects of applied systems optimization research to smart grids, and also describe some of its critical challenges and requirements. The promise of a smarter electricity grid could significantly change how consumers use and pay for their electrical power, and could fundamentally reshape the current Industry. Gaining increasing interest and acceptance, Smart Grid technologies combine power generation and delivery systems with advanced communication systems to help save energy, reduce energy costs and improve reliability. Taken together, these technologies support new approaches for load balancing and power distribution, allowing optimal runtime power routing and cost management. Such unprecedented capabilities, however, also present a set of new problems and challenges at the technical and regulatory levels that must be addressed by Industry and the Research Community.

Download or read book Power Systems Cybersecurity written by Hassan Haes Alhelou and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-12 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers power systems cybersecurity. In order to enhance overall stability and security in wide-area cyber-physical power systems and defend against cyberattacks, new resilient operation, control, and protection methods are required. The cyberattack-resilient control methods improve overall cybersecurity and stability in normal and abnormal operating conditions. By contrast, cyberattack-resilient protection schemes are important to keep the secure operation of a system under the most severe contingencies and cyberattacks. The main subjects covered in the book are: 1) proposing new tolerant and cyberattack-resilient control and protection methods against cyberattacks for future power systems, 2) suggesting new methods for cyberattack detection and cybersecurity assessment, and 3) focusing on practical issues in modern power systems.

Download or read book Guide to Vulnerability Analysis for Computer Networks and Systems written by Simon Parkinson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-04 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This professional guide and reference examines the challenges of assessing security vulnerabilities in computing infrastructure. Various aspects of vulnerability assessment are covered in detail, including recent advancements in reducing the requirement for expert knowledge through novel applications of artificial intelligence. The work also offers a series of case studies on how to develop and perform vulnerability assessment techniques using start-of-the-art intelligent mechanisms. Topics and features: provides tutorial activities and thought-provoking questions in each chapter, together with numerous case studies; introduces the fundamentals of vulnerability assessment, and reviews the state of the art of research in this area; discusses vulnerability assessment frameworks, including frameworks for industrial control and cloud systems; examines a range of applications that make use of artificial intelligence to enhance the vulnerability assessment processes; presents visualisation techniques that can be used to assist the vulnerability assessment process. In addition to serving the needs of security practitioners and researchers, this accessible volume is also ideal for students and instructors seeking a primer on artificial intelligence for vulnerability assessment, or a supplementary text for courses on computer security, networking, and artificial intelligence.

Download or read book Critical Infrastructure Protection II written by Mauricio Papa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-16 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critical Infrastructure Protection II describes original research results and innovative applications in the interdisciplinary field of critical infrastructure protection. Also, it highlights the importance of weaving science, technology and policy in crafting sophisticated solutions that will help secure information, computer and network assets in the various critical infrastructure sectors. This book is the second volume in the annual series produced by the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) Working Group 11.10 on Critical Infrastructure Protection, an international community of scientists, engineers, practitioners and policy makers dedicated to advancing research, development and implementation efforts focused on infrastructure protection. The book contains a selection of twenty edited papers from the Second Annual IFIP WG 11.10 International Conference on Critical Infrastructure Protection held at George Mason University, Arlington, Virginia, USA in the spring of 2008.

Download or read book Network Computing and Information Security written by Jingsheng Lei and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 847 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the proceedings of the Second International Conference on Network Computing and Information Security, NCIS 2012, held in Shanghai, China, in December 2012. The 104 revised papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 517 submissions. They are organized in topical sections named: applications of cryptography; authentication and non-repudiation; cloud computing; communication and information systems; design and analysis of cryptographic algorithms; information hiding and watermarking; intelligent networked systems; multimedia computing and intelligence; network and wireless network security; network communication; parallel and distributed systems; security modeling and architectures; sensor network; signal and information processing; virtualization techniques and applications; and wireless network.

Download or read book Cyber Security of Industrial Control Systems in the Future Internet Environment written by Stojanovi?, Mirjana D. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-02-21 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In today’s modernized market, many fields are utilizing internet technologies in their everyday methods of operation. The industrial sector is no different as these technological solutions have provided several benefits including reduction of costs, scalability, and efficiency improvements. Despite this, cyber security remains a crucial risk factor in industrial control systems. The same public and corporate solutions do not apply to this specific district because these security issues are more complex and intensive. Research is needed that explores new risk assessment methods and security mechanisms that professionals can apply to their modern technological procedures. Cyber Security of Industrial Control Systems in the Future Internet Environment is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on current security risks in critical infrastructure schemes with the implementation of information and communication technologies. While highlighting topics such as intrusion detection systems, forensic challenges, and smart grids, this publication explores specific security solutions within industrial sectors that have begun applying internet technologies to their current methods of operation. This book is ideally designed for researchers, system engineers, managers, networkers, IT professionals, analysts, academicians, and students seeking a better understanding of the key issues within securing industrial control systems that utilize internet technologies.

Download or read book Crisis Management Concepts Methodologies Tools and Applications written by Management Association, Information Resources and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2013-11-30 with total page 1792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book explores the latest empirical research and best real-world practices for preventing, weathering, and recovering from disasters such as earthquakes or tsunamis to nuclear disasters and cyber terrorism"--Provided by publisher.

Download or read book SCADA Security written by Abdulmohsen Almalawi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-12-30 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the design and use of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) to secure Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems Cyber-attacks on SCADA systems—the control system architecture that uses computers, networked data communications, and graphical user interfaces for high-level process supervisory management—can lead to costly financial consequences or even result in loss of life. Minimizing potential risks and responding to malicious actions requires innovative approaches for monitoring SCADA systems and protecting them from targeted attacks. SCADA Security: Machine Learning Concepts for Intrusion Detection and Prevention is designed to help security and networking professionals develop and deploy accurate and effective Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) for SCADA systems that leverage autonomous machine learning. Providing expert insights, practical advice, and up-to-date coverage of developments in SCADA security, this authoritative guide presents a new approach for efficient unsupervised IDS driven by SCADA-specific data. Organized into eight in-depth chapters, the text first discusses how traditional IT attacks can also be possible against SCADA, and describes essential SCADA concepts, systems, architectures, and main components. Following chapters introduce various SCADA security frameworks and approaches, including evaluating security with virtualization-based SCADAVT, using SDAD to extract proximity-based detection, finding a global and efficient anomaly threshold with GATUD, and more. This important book: Provides diverse perspectives on establishing an efficient IDS approach that can be implemented in SCADA systems Describes the relationship between main components and three generations of SCADA systems Explains the classification of a SCADA IDS based on its architecture and implementation Surveys the current literature in the field and suggests possible directions for future research SCADA Security: Machine Learning Concepts for Intrusion Detection and Prevention is a must-read for all SCADA security and networking researchers, engineers, system architects, developers, managers, lecturers, and other SCADA security industry practitioners.

Download or read book Threats to Homeland Security written by Richard J. Kilroy, Jr. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-02-26 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addresses threats to homeland security from terrorism and emergency management from natural disasters Threats to Homeland Security, Second Edition examines the foundations of today's security environment, from broader national security perspectives to specific homeland security interests and concerns. It covers what we protect, how we protect it, and what we protect it from. In addition, the book examines threats from both an international perspective (state vs non-state actors as well as kinds of threat capabilities—from cyber-terrorism to weapons of mass destruction) and from a national perspective (sources of domestic terrorism and future technological challenges, due to globalization and an increasingly interconnected world). This new edition of Threats to Homeland Security updates previous chapters and provides new chapters focusing on new threats to homeland security today, such as the growing nexus between crime and terrorism, domestic and international intelligence collection, critical infrastructure and technology, and homeland security planning and resources—as well as the need to reassess the all-hazards dimension of homeland security from a resource and management perspective. Features new chapters on homeland security intelligence, crime and domestic terrorism, critical infrastructure protection, and resource management Provides a broader context for assessing threats to homeland security from the all-hazards perspective, to include terrorism and natural disasters Examines potential targets at home and abroad Includes a comprehensive overview of U.S. policy, strategy, and technologies for preventing and countering terrorism Includes self-assessment areas, key terms, summary questions, and application exercises. On-line content includes PPT lessons for each chapter and a solutions key for academic adopters Threats to Homeland Security, Second Edition is an excellent introductory text on homeland security for educators, as well as a good source of training for professionals in a number of homeland security-related disciplines.

Download or read book Cyber security of SCADA and Other Industrial Control Systems written by Edward J. M. Colbert and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental security of Industrial Control Systems (ICSs), including Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems and touching on cyber-physical systems in general. Careful attention is given to providing the reader with clear and comprehensive background and reference material for each topic pertinent to ICS security. This book offers answers to such questions as: Which specific operating and security issues may lead to a loss of efficiency and operation? What methods can be used to monitor and protect my system? How can I design my system to reduce threats?This book offers chapters on ICS cyber threats, attacks, metrics, risk, situational awareness, intrusion detection, and security testing, providing an advantageous reference set for current system owners who wish to securely configure and operate their ICSs. This book is appropriate for non-specialists as well. Tutorial information is provided in two initial chapters and in the beginnings of other chapters as needed. The book concludes with advanced topics on ICS governance, responses to attacks on ICS, and future security of the Internet of Things.

Download or read book Economics of Information Security and Privacy written by Tyler Moore and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-20 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Workshop on the Economics of Information Security (WEIS) is the leading forum for interdisciplinary research and scholarship on information security and privacy, combining ideas, techniques, and expertise from the fields of economics, social science, business, law, policy, and computer science. In 2009, WEIS was held in London, at UCL, a constituent college of the University of London. Economics of Information Security and Privacy includes chapters presented at WEIS 2009, having been carefully reviewed by a program committee composed of leading researchers. Topics covered include identity theft, modeling uncertainty's effects, future directions in the economics of information security, economics of privacy, options, misaligned incentives in systems, cyber-insurance, and modeling security dynamics. Economics of Information Security and Privacy is designed for managers, policy makers, and researchers working in the related fields of economics of information security. Advanced-level students focusing on computer science, business management and economics will find this book valuable as a reference.

Download or read book Handbook of SCADA Control Systems Security written by Burt G. Look and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-05-10 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive handbook covers fundamental security concepts, methodologies, and relevant information pertaining to supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and other industrial control systems used in utility and industrial facilities worldwide. Including six new chapters, six revised chapters, and numerous additional figures, photos, and illustrations, it addresses topics in social implications and impacts, governance and management, architecture and modeling, and commissioning and operations. It presents best practices as well as methods for securing a business environment at the strategic, tactical, and operational levels.

Download or read book On Cyber Security for Networked Control Systems written by Saurabh Amin and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The instrumentation of infrastructure systems by embedded sensors, computation, and communication networks has enabled significant advances in their management. Examples include monitoring of structural health, traffic congestion, environmental hazards, and energy usage. The use of homogeneous (especially, commercially available off-the-shelf) information technology (IT) solutions makes infrastructure systems subject to correlated hardware malfunctions and software bugs. Over the past decade, many concerns have been raised about the vulnerabilities of infrastructure systems to both random failures and security attacks. Cyber-security of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems is especially important, because these systems are employed for sensing and control of large physical infrastructures. So far, the existing research in robust and fault-tolerant control does not account for cyber attacks on networked control system (NCS) components. Also, the existing research in computer security neither considers the attacks targeting NCS components nor accounts for their interactions with the physical system. The goal of this thesis is to bridge this gap by focusing on (1) security threat assessment, (2) model-based attack diagnosis, and (3) resilient control design. First, cyber-security assessment for SCADA systems is performed based on well-defined attacker and defender objectives. The mathematical model of SCADA systems considered in this work has two control levels: regulatory control using distributed proportional-integral (PI) controllers, and supervisory fault diagnosis based on approximate dynamical system models. The performance of a PI control based regulatory scheme and a model-based supervisory diagnostic scheme is studied under a class of deception attacks. In order to test the system resilience, a class of stealthy attacks which can evade detection by SCADA systems is presented. Second, design of attack diagnosis schemes that incorporate the knowledge of physical dynamics of the system is presented. For SCADA systems used to manage water canal networks, an observer-based attack diagnostic scheme, in which each observer estimates the state of a reduced-order flow model, is presented. The observer parameters are computed using a convex optimization method, and the performance of this scheme is tested on a number of attack scenarios. An application of the theoretical results is illustrated by a field operational test performed on the SCADA system of the Gignac water canal system, located in Montpellier, France. A successful experimental cyber-attack on the sensors and actuators of this canal network revealed new vulnerabilities of the current SCADA system implementation. Another illustration includes security analysis of two benchmark scenarios: the Tennessee Eastman process control system (TE-PCS) and a power system state estimator (PSSE). In both these cases, model-based statistical detection schemes are used to study stealthy deception attacks. For the case of TE-PCS, design of practically implementable attack-detection and response mechanisms to maintain operational safety is presented. For the case of PSSE, it is assumed that the attacker only has a partial knowledge of the actual system model. For a set of attacker objectives, the trade-off between the attacker knowledge and possible impact of a successful attack on the performance of false data detection schemes is studied. Third, the stability of linear hyperbolic systems of PDEs when the boundary control actions and the system parameters switch discontinuously between a finite set of modes is studied. Switched PDE models can describe a class of fault and attack scenarios resulting from intermittent withdrawals through offtake nodes and compromise of sensor-control data. Motivated by such scenarios, a new condition for stability of linear hyperbolic systems of PDEs under arbitrary switching of boundary control actions and system parameters is derived. A class of switching attack strategies is presented, which violate the stability condition and result in unstable flow dynamics. Fourth, the problem of controlling stochastic linear systems for networked control settings is considered when the sensor-control data is prone to packet loss and jamming. For a class of packet drop models, feedback control policies which minimize a given objective function subject to safety constraints are synthesized. For marginally stable systems, under mild hypotheses on the noise introduced by the control channel and large enough control authority, the synthesis of a control policy that render the state of the closed-loop system mean-square bounded is presented. Finally, a class of games involving discrete interdependent risks is considered when each player is a NCS, and their security is interdependent due to the exposure to network induced risks. The problem of security decisions of individual players is formulated as a two-stage non-cooperative game defined as follows: in the first stage, the players decide whether to invest in security or not; and in the second stage, they apply control inputs to minimize the average operational costs. The characterization of the equilibria of the game is presented, which includes the determination of the individually optimal security levels. The presence of interdependent security causes a negative externality, and the individual players tend to under invest in security relative to the social optimum. From these results, for a wide parameter range, public policy incentivising higher security investments is desirable.

Download or read book Securing Critical Infrastructures and Critical Control Systems Approaches for Threat Protection written by Laing, Christopher and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increased use of technology is necessary in order for industrial control systems to maintain and monitor industrial, infrastructural, or environmental processes. The need to secure and identify threats to the system is equally critical. Securing Critical Infrastructures and Critical Control Systems: Approaches for Threat Protection provides a full and detailed understanding of the vulnerabilities and security threats that exist within an industrial control system. This collection of research defines and analyzes the technical, procedural, and managerial responses to securing these systems.

Download or read book Handbook of SCADA Control Systems Security written by Robert Radvanovsky and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-02-19 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The availability and security of many services we rely upon including water treatment, electricity, healthcare, transportation, and financial transactions are routinely put at risk by cyber threats. The Handbook of SCADA/Control Systems Security is a fundamental outline of security concepts, methodologies, and relevant information pertaining to the