Download or read book Lesion Induced Neuronal Plasticity in Sensorimotor Systems written by H. Flohr and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-11 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensorimotor systems are not rigidly wired predetermined networks but rather highly plastic structures that learn and modify their entire performance in response to changes in external or internal conditions. Lesions or distortions of the system's input, which initially cause a functional disorganization, induce an active reorganization which often leads to a recovery of function. Examples of lesion-induced neural plasticity have been known for some hundred years; however, an awareness of their value as research tools is relatively new. This current interest is a consequence of rapid ly changing ideas concerning the nature of CNS organization. Out of these, concepts are emerging which describe neural nets as modifiable, highly dynamic, self-organizing structures. This trend is clearly reflected in this volume, which contains the proceedings of a symposium held in Bremen in July 1980 as a satellite meeting of the XXVIIIth International Congress of Physiological Sciences. The first part of this conference was devoted to some gen eral aspects of plasticity, discussing the current theories of functional recovery as well as morphological, neurochemical, physiological, molecular, and ontogenetic aspects. The second part dealt with lesion induced plasticity in specific sensorimotor systems of the spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebral cortex.
Download or read book Post Lesion Neural Plasticity written by Hans Flohr and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural networks are not rigidly wired but rather highly plastic structures, the functional architecture of which can be actively reorganized in response to external or internal events. Lesions of such networks induce plastic processes which in time may lead to a recovery of the initially disrupted function. This type of neural plasticity is the main focus of the book, which presents a broad spectrum of experimental paradigms for lesion-induced plasticity as in the spinal cord, the vestibular, oculomotor, visual and olfactory system, the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex, including recent methodological developments. Concepts and perspectives in understanding neural plasticity are reported in reviews and original research reports and are thoroughly discussed.
Download or read book Neural Plasticity in Adult Somatic Sensory Motor Systems written by Ford F. Ebner and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-05-26 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthesizing current information about sensory-motor plasticity, Neural Plasticity in Adult Somatic Sensory-Motor Systems provides an up-to-date description of the dynamic processes that occur in somatic sensory-motor cortical circuits or somatic sensory pathways to the cortex due to experience, learning, or damage to the nervous system. The book e
Download or read book Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury written by Daniel Laskowitz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-12-01 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches has been disappointingly slow. Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury attempts to integrate expertise from across specialties to address knowledge gaps in the field of TBI. Its chapters cover a wide scope of TBI research in five broad areas: Epidemiology Pathophysiology Diagnosis Current treatment strategies and sequelae Future therapies Specific topics discussed include the societal impact of TBI in both the civilian and military populations, neurobiology and molecular mechanisms of axonal and neuronal injury, biomarkers of traumatic brain injury and their relationship to pathology, neuroplasticity after TBI, neuroprotective and neurorestorative therapy, advanced neuroimaging of mild TBI, neurocognitive and psychiatric symptoms following mild TBI, sports-related TBI, epilepsy and PTSD following TBI, and more. The book integrates the perspectives of experts across disciplines to assist in the translation of new ideas to clinical practice and ultimately to improve the care of the brain injured patient.
Download or read book Training induced Plasticity in Resting state Sensory and Motor Networks written by Shahabeddin Vahdat and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Research on plasticity in motor systems has for the most part developed separately from work on sensory plasticity, as if training-induced changes to the brain affected each of these systems in isolation. The aim of this thesis is to explore the association between the sensory and motor systems when a new skill is acquired. The experiments reported in this dissertation systematically examine two hypotheses about neuroplasticity: (i) that motor learning changes perceptual function and the function of somatosensory areas of the brain, and (ii) that somatosensory training changes both motor function and motor areas of the brain. The first study aimed at providing a unified approach to test the first hypothesis. We combined both psychophysical and neuroimaging procedures to examine the connection between changes in the behavior and brain as a result of motor learning. We used a dynamics adaptation task as a model of motor learning in conjunction with somatosensory discrimination of the limb's movement direction which permits quantification of perceptual changes that occurs in conjunction with motor learning. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to calculate measures of functional connectivity during resting-state periods following learning. This technique allowed us to study longer lasting plasticity in the sensorimotor system, during the period in which the motor memory is being consolidated. We developed a new hypothesis-driven technique which enables us to incorporate psychophysical measures in functional connectivity analysis to identify behaviorally-related neuroplasticity as a result of learning. Using this technique, we identified a new network in motor learning involving second somatosensory cortex, ventral premotor cortex and supplementary motor area whose activation is specifically related to perceptual changes that occur in conjunction with motor learning. Subjects who showed greater change in functional connectivity within this network, also showed a greater change in perceptual function. In study two, we proposed and implemented a new analytic data-driven method based on independent component analysis (ICA), which enabled us to systematically extract and classify shared and condition-specific networks corresponding to the pre-learning and post-learning conditions. The proposed algorithm was specifically designed to solve the problems of the regular ICA approach in conducting between-condition comparisons. Using this method we identified a specific network corresponding to the post-learning condition comprising clusters in contralateral superior parietal lobule, second somatosensory cortex, premotor cortex, and supplementary motor area. The third study was aimed at testing the second hypothesis described above. Using similar procedures and techniques to those used in the first study, we found that somatosensory discrimination training combined with periods of passive movement as short as 45 minutes increased functional connectivity between sensory and motor areas of the brain and, importantly, in motor areas alone. In behavioral terms, somatosensory training facilitates motor learning. Improvements were seen in both the rate and extent of learning and they persisted for at least one day. Sensory repetition without perceptual learning was less able to induce plasticity in the motor system. This suggests that somatosensory training can induce reorganization in the motor system and benefits from cognitive involvement and skill acquisition in the sensory domain. Overall, our studies point to a unified model of sensorimotor plasticity in which the effects of learning are not local to either sensory or motor systems, but rather each has effects that spread into functionally related areas of the brain beyond the base modality." --
Download or read book Repair and Regeneration of the Nervous System written by J.G. Nicholls and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 5) To what extent do events occurring during regeneration re semble those seen in development? Questions like these remain open, particularly in relation to the mammalian central nervous system and to the effects of lesions or disease. The first chapters of this volume are concerned primarily with normal and abnormal development of the nervous system. New concepts have emerged over the past few years as a result of experiments made on the development of the higher nervous system in mammals. Thus, the principles of cell death, competition, selective retraction of specific processes, and the effects of abnormalities on the development of the rest of the system have now been extensively investigated. In addition, considerable information is available about biochemical changes during normal and abnormal development in the human. At the other end of the scale, in invertebrates it is now possible to follow cell lineage and to define the origin and fate of a sin gle neuron of known function together with its processes. While an understanding of development is clearly important for studying basic mechanisms of repair and regeneration, one cannot expect the processes to be identical or even comparable in the two situations. For example, cell migration, guidance by radial glial fibers, selective cell death, and the critical periods for competition, sprouting, and retraction observed in the visual system can hardly playa part in repair.
Download or read book Cognitive Plasticity in Neurologic Disorders written by Joseph I. Tracy and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014-12-02 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume makes clear that the cognitive and behavioural symptoms of neurologic disorders and syndromes are dynamic and changing. Each chapter describes the neuroplastic processes at work in a particular condition, giving rise to these ongoing cognitive changes.
Download or read book Information Processing Underlying Gaze Control written by J. M. Delgado-García and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-04-19 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information Processing Underlying Gaze Control covers the proceedings of the Satellite Workshop to the 16th European Neuroscience Association. The book presents materials concerning the computational properties of neuronal circuits underlying gaze control. The book contains 44 papers, which are organized into seven sections. The first section deals with the morphology and physiology of extraocular motor nuclei. Section II tackles the anatomo-functional organization of the saccadic system, and Section III covers the vestibular and otolithic systems. Section IV discusses the optokinetic and smooth pursuit systems, while Section V talks about other sensory systems involved in the control of oculomotor function. Section VI covers the role of cerebellum in the genesis and control of eye movements, and Section VII tackles the coordination of eye, head, and body movements. The text will be of great use to researchers who have an interest in gaze control.
Download or read book David A Robinson s Modeling the Oculomotor Control System written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-01-22 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modelling: The Oculomotor Systems, Volume 269 in the Progress in Brain Research serial highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on topics including The function and phylogeny of eye movements, The behavior of motoneurons, Statics of plant mechanics, Dynamics of plant mechanics, The functional operation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, Basic framework of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, Oculomotor signals, Signal processing in the vestibulo-ocular reflex, Plasticity and repair of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, The behavior of the optokinetic system, Models of the optokinetic system, Neurophysiology of the optokinetic system, and much more. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in Progress in Brain Research serial Includes the latest information on Modelling: The Oculomotor Systems
Download or read book Neural Correlates Underlying Motor Map Plasticity and Skilled Motor Behavior written by Dhakshin Ramanathan and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We conclude that there are many different neural correlates underlying map plasticity of the motor cortex. In order to utilize this knowledge to enhance recovery following injury, it is essential to understand which neural changes have behavioral and functional relevance. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Download or read book Motor Learning and Synaptic Plasticity in the Cerebellum written by Paul J. Cordo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-11-28 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is concerned with the involvement of the cerebellum in learning and remembering motor tasks. It is unique in discussing plasticity at both the cellular and at the behavioral level.
Download or read book Neurochemistry of the Vestibular System written by Alvin J. Beitz and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-06-09 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurochemistry of the Vestibular System covers the proliferation of information stemming from the technical advances in the areas of molecular biology and neurochemistry. It analyzes developments in areas that relate to the neurochemical organization of the hair cells in the inner ear, the vestibular nerve, the vestibular nuclear complex, and central afferent and efferent vestibular projections. The book also identifies future directions for research in the areas of neurotransmitters, second messengers, transcription factors, and molecular mechanisms involved with both normal vestibular function and compensation.
Download or read book Early Brain Damage V2 written by Stanley Finger and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early Brain Damage, Volume 2: Neurobiology and Behavior, is the second of two volumes that provide a comprehensive overview of the many facets of research on the topic of brain damage sustained early in life. The present volume focuses on controlled experimentation on laboratory animals, and emphasizes the anatomical and physiological correlates of early brain-insult as well as the behavioral changes that may follow central nervous system damage early in life. This book is organized into three parts. Part I examines recent advances in anatomy and physiology, and covers topics such as axonal sprouting and changes in brain areas somewhat removed from the actual site of damage. Part II emphasizes current knowledge about the behavioral effects of specific lesions, such as those of the frontal or posterior cortical areas. Part III examines factors that can affect the response to early brain damage, including genetics, environmental conditions after early injury, and the differential effects resulting from sparing small fragments of a brain area. This book was written for researchers and professional personnel interested in the topic of brain damage, and especially toward those interested in the many developmental brain-damage issues emanating from laboratory animal studies and human case reports.
Download or read book Physiological and Pathological Aspects of Eye Movements written by A. Roucoux and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of a work shop entitled "Physiological and Pathological Aspects of Eye Movements" held at the Pont d'Oye Castle, Habay-Ia-Neuve, Belgium, March 27-30 1982. The meeting was sponsored by the European Communi ties. It brought together specialists of oculomotricity mainly from Europe but also from North-America. With such actions, the Communities want to encourage inter national and multidisciplinary contacts between re searchers of a particular field. Oculomotor neuroscien tists, for quite a long time, have developed such con tacts. This cooperation - this is not so common in biological research - embodies various approaches, from basic mechanisms to behavioral studies, but also this applied science that medicine is or should be. Many basic discoveries about eye movement mechanisms, made with the help of human of animal subjects, have found rapid medical applications in neurology, neuro ophthalmology or otolaryngology. This is illustrated in this book by the fact that results obtained on rats or cats are interspersed with reports of clinical in vestigations. The workshop was mainly focused onto three themes: (a) eye and head movements in man, (b) visuo-vestibular interaction and (c) eye-head coordination. In each theme, one or more "review" papers were included. In addition, most of the oral presentations or posters on display mainly contained unpublished material.
Download or read book Nerve Organ and Tissue Regeneration Research Perspectives written by Fredrick Seil and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nerve, Organ, and Tissue Regeneration: Research Perspectives presents the proceedings of a symposium held in Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, on September 21–24, 1982. This book explores the neural and nonneural areas of regeneration, with emphasis on the nervous system. Organized into six parts encompassing 22 chapters, this compilation of papers examines the commitment of the Veterans Administration to deal with the clinical problem of spinal cord injury by establishing 19spinal cord injury treatment and rehabilitation centers throughout the United States. This book then discusses the characteristics of the neuronal response to axon injury, which vary from cellular hypertrophy and heightened metabolism to cell death. Other chapters consider the three phases of axonal regeneration, including sprout formation, elongation, and maturation. The final chapter deals with the structural and functional alterations that developed when the length of the mammalian intestine is shortened by excision or by-pass of a long segment. This book is a valuable resource for biologists, orthopedic surgeons, and neuroscientists.
Download or read book The Oculomotor and Skeletalmotor Systems written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oculomotor and Skeletalmotor Systems
Download or read book Baloh and Honrubia s Clinical Neurophysiology of the Vestibular System written by Robert William Baloh and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continued Praise for Clinical Neurophysiology of the Vestibular System.
