Download or read book Legalising Mitochondrial Donation written by Rebecca Dimond and published by Palgrave Pivot. This book was released on 2018-12-19 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2015 the UK became the first country in the world to legalise mitochondrial donation, a controversial germ line reproductive technology to prevent the transmission of mitochondrial disease. In this book Dimond and Stephens track the intense period of scientific and ethical review, public consultation and parliamentary debates which preceeded the decision. They draw on stakeholder accounts and public documents to explore how patients, professionals, institutions and publics mobilised within 'for' and 'against' clusters, engaging in extensive promissory, emotional, bureaucratic, ethical, embodied and clinical labour to justify competing visions of an ethical future. They describe how the legalisation of mitochondrial donation represents a significant moment in UK biomedical politics as the latest iteration of a UK sociotechnical imaginary in which the further liberalization of human embryo research and use is rendered legitimate and ethical through modes of consultation and permissive but strictly regulated licensing. Overall, this book presents a timely, multi-dimensional, and sociological account of a globally significant landmark in the history of human genetics, and will be relevant to those with an interest in genetics, Science, Technology and Society, the sociology of medicine, reproductive technology, and public policy debate.
Download or read book Mitochondrial Replacement Techniques written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-04-17 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs) are designed to prevent the transmission of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diseases from mother to child. While MRTs, if effective, could satisfy a desire of women seeking to have a genetically related child without the risk of passing on mtDNA disease, the technique raises significant ethical and social issues. It would create offspring who have genetic material from two women, something never sanctioned in humans, and would create mitochondrial changes that could be heritable (in female offspring), and therefore passed on in perpetuity. The manipulation would be performed on eggs or embryos, would affect every cell of the resulting individual, and once carried out this genetic manipulation is not reversible. Mitochondrial Replacement Techniques considers the implications of manipulating mitochondrial content both in children born to women as a result of participating in these studies and in descendants of any female offspring. This study examines the ethical and social issues related to MRTs, outlines principles that would provide a framework and foundation for oversight of MRTs, and develops recommendations to inform the Food and Drug Administration's consideration of investigational new drug applications.
Download or read book Legalising Mitochondrial Donation written by Rebecca Dimond and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-21 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2015 the UK became the first country in the world to legalise mitochondrial donation, a controversial germ line reproductive technology to prevent the transmission of mitochondrial disease. Dimond and Stephens track the intense period of scientific and ethical review, public consultation and parliamentary debates preceeding the decision. They draw on stakeholder accounts and public documents to explore how patients, professionals, institutions and publics mobilised within ‘for’ and ‘against’ clusters, engaging in extensive promissory, emotional, bureaucratic, ethical, embodied and clinical labour to justify competing visions of an ethical future. They describe how this decision is the latest iteration of a UK sociotechnical imaginary in which the further liberalization of human embryo research and use is rendered legitimate and ethical through modes of consultation and permissive but strictly regulated licensing. Overall, this book presents a timely, multi-dimensional, and sociological account of a globally significant landmark in the history of human genetics, and will be relevant to those with an interest in genetics, Science, Technology and Society, the sociology of medicine, reproductive technology, and public policy debate.
Download or read book Gene Machine written by Venki Ramakrishnan and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2018-11-06 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Nobel Prize-winning biologist tells the riveting story of his race to discover the inner workings of biology's most important molecule "Ramakrishnan's writing is so honest, lucid and engaging that I could not put this book down until I had read to the very end." -- Siddhartha Mukherjee, author of The Emperor of All Maladies and The Gene Everyone has heard of DNA. But by itself, DNA is just an inert blueprint for life. It is the ribosome -- an enormous molecular machine made up of a million atoms -- that makes DNA come to life, turning our genetic code into proteins and therefore into us. Gene Machine is an insider account of the race for the structure of the ribosome, a fundamental discovery that both advances our knowledge of all life and could lead to the development of better antibiotics against life-threatening diseases. But this is also a human story of Ramakrishnan's unlikely journey, from his first fumbling experiments in a biology lab to being the dark horse in a fierce competition with some of the world's best scientists. In the end, Gene Machine is a frank insider's account of the pursuit of high-stakes science.
Download or read book Heritable Human Genome Editing written by The Royal Society and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2021-01-16 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heritable human genome editing - making changes to the genetic material of eggs, sperm, or any cells that lead to their development, including the cells of early embryos, and establishing a pregnancy - raises not only scientific and medical considerations but also a host of ethical, moral, and societal issues. Human embryos whose genomes have been edited should not be used to create a pregnancy until it is established that precise genomic changes can be made reliably and without introducing undesired changes - criteria that have not yet been met, says Heritable Human Genome Editing. From an international commission of the U.S. National Academy of Medicine, U.S. National Academy of Sciences, and the U.K.'s Royal Society, the report considers potential benefits, harms, and uncertainties associated with genome editing technologies and defines a translational pathway from rigorous preclinical research to initial clinical uses, should a country decide to permit such uses. The report specifies stringent preclinical and clinical requirements for establishing safety and efficacy, and for undertaking long-term monitoring of outcomes. Extensive national and international dialogue is needed before any country decides whether to permit clinical use of this technology, according to the report, which identifies essential elements of national and international scientific governance and oversight.
Download or read book Motherhood and the Law written by Harry Willekens and published by Göttingen University Press. This book was released on 2019 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Who is a child’s legal mother? Must a child have exactly one mother, can it have two or three, or can it have two fathers, but no mother? Or has the concept of motherhood become obsolete and should we just talk of parenthood in a gender neutral way? Questions such as these would have appeared esoteric only a few decades ago, but as a result of new social developments (such as frequent family reconstitutions, gay and lesbian emancipation or surrogacy) and of technological innovations (such as egg and embryo donations) they have become issues in a vehement debate. The interdisciplinary contributions to this book focus on the legal definition of motherhood, on the way in which legal conceptions structure the social discourse on motherhood (and vice versa), and on the influence of legal rules on power relations between mothers, fathers, children and the state. Among the issues addressed are - the challenges to our understanding of the legal regulation of motherhood by developments in reproductive medicine; - the challenges to our understanding of the legal regulation of motherhood by parental constellations deviating from the mother-father-model (single motherhood by choice, same-gender parenthood, multiple parenthood); - the exercise of parental rights in case of parental separation and the impact of legal rules on the bargaining positions of mothers and fathers.
Download or read book Medical Law and Ethics written by Jonathan Herring and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical Law and Ethics covers the core legal principles, key cases, and statutes that govern medical law alongside the key ethical debates and dilemmas that exist in the field. Carefully constructed features highlight these debates, drawing out the European angles, religious beliefs, and feminist perspectives which influence legal regulations. Other features such as 'a shock to the system', 'public opinion' and 'reality check' introduce further socio-legal discussion and contribute to the lively and engaging manner in which the subject is approached. Online resources This book is accompanied by the following online resources: - Complete bibliography and list of further reading - Links to the key cases mentioned in the book - A video from the author which introduces the book and sets the scene for your studies - Links to key sites with information on medical law and ethics
Download or read book Mitochondrial Dysfunction written by Lawrence H. Lash and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods in Toxicology, Volume 2: Mitochondrial Dysfunction provides a source of methods, techniques, and experimental approaches for studying the role of abnormal mitochondrial function in cell injury. The book discusses the methods for the preparation and basic functional assessment of mitochondria from liver, kidney, muscle, and brain; the methods for assessing mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo and in intact organs; and the structural aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction are addressed. The text also describes chemical detoxification and metabolism as well as specific metabolic reactions that are especially important targets or indicators of damage. The methods for measurement of alterations in fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism and for the analysis and manipulation of oxidative injury and antioxidant systems are also considered. The book further tackles additional methods on mitochondrial energetics and transport processes; approaches for assessing impaired function of mitochondria; and genetic and developmental aspects of mitochondrial disease and toxicology. The text also looks into mitochondrial DNA synthesis, covalent binding to mitochondrial DNA, DNA repair, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of developing individuals and cellular differentiation. Microbiologists, toxicologists, biochemists, and molecular pharmacologists will find the book invaluable.
Download or read book Bio Objects written by Niki Vermeulen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing knowledge of the biological is fundamentally transforming what life itself means and where its boundaries lie. New developments in the biosciences - especially through the molecularisation of life - are (re)shaping healthcare and other aspects of our society. This cutting edge volume studies contemporary bio-objects, or the categories, materialities and processes that are central to the configuring of 'life' today, as they emerge, stabilize and circulate through society. Examining a variety of bio-objects in contexts beyond the laboratory, Bio-Objects: Life in the 21st Century explores new ways of thinking about how novel bio-objects enter contemporary life, analysing the manner in which, among others, the boundaries between human and animal, organic and non-organic, and being 'alive' and the suspension of living, are questioned, destabilised and in some cases re-established. Thematically organised around questions of changing boundaries; the governance and regulation of bio-objects; and changing social, economic and political relations, this book presents rich new case studies from Europe that will be of interest to scholars of science and technology studies, social theory, sociology and law.
Download or read book Technology Law written by Marcus Smith and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-08 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thorough exploration of the new legal challenges created by evolving technologies, from facial recognition technology to cryptocurrencies.
Download or read book Biocitizenship written by Kelly E. Happe and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2018-08-21 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Biocitizenship: The Politics of Bodies, Governance, and Power is a critical study of the relationship between the concept of citizenship and the body"--
Download or read book The Law of Assisted Reproduction written by Seamus Burns and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-03-04 with total page 857 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Law of Assisted Reproduction, Second Edition examines the impact of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 (HFEA 2008) and the ongoing controversial issues that surround it from legal, ethical, moral, social and medical points of view. It also examines the contribution of Parliament in fashioning the legal provisions in the amended legislation. The second edition is updated to cover: - Abortion controversy and the current law in England and Wales - New case law on parentage of children born from IVF - ECHR case law concerning embryo research and fertility treatment - The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 - the birth of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority - The NHS IVF postcode lottery - Human Fertilisation and Embryology (Mitochondrial Donation) Regulations 2015 - The Supreme Court case (In the matter of an application by the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission for Judicial - Review (Northern Ireland) [2018] UKSC 27) on NI abortion law compatibility with ECHR - Sarah Ewart case - Re Z (A Child: Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act: Parental Order) - Parillo v Italy - Re A and others (Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act) - Consideration of ECHR dimensions The second edition also contains new chapters on: - Abortion law developments in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland - Controversies relating to fertility treatment, embryonic research and abortion - Three parent Children-Mitochondrial Donation - Consideration of the key changes to the Code of Practice, (9th Edition), January 2019 This is an essential title for practitioners in medical/healthcare law and ethics, as well as national and international law libraries and students.
Download or read book Pick Up and Oocyte Management written by Antonio Malvasi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-28 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This richly illustrated book focuses on one of the specific and crucial steps of the Medically Assisted Procreation techniques that is often overlooked: the oocyte pick-up. Enhanced by a large number of high-quality pictures, this atlas of oocyte retrieval comprehensively describes important aspects such as the setting of the ultrasonic equipment, the choice of needle, the layout of the devices in the room and the technique to be used, which, if not properly handled, can lead to erroneous behaviors. The original and detailed illustrations, mainly microscopic images and explanatory drawings, help readers to better understand how to manage all the phases of the ovarian pick-up and oocyte management. This practical atlas provides a valuable guide for all specialists who want to improve their skills and gain confidence with the MPA techniques.
Download or read book Biocode written by Dawn Field and published by American Chemical Society. This book was released on 2015 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The living world runs on genomic software - what Dawn Field and Neil Davies call the 'biocode' - the sum of all DNA on Earth. In Biocode, they tell the story of a new age of scientific discovery: the growing global effort to read and map the biocode, and what that might mean for the future. The structure of DNA was identified in 1953, and the whole human genome was mapped by 2003. Since then the new field of genomics has mushroomed and is now operating on an industrial scale. Genomes can now be sequenced rapidly and increasingly cheaply. The genomes of large numbers of organisms from mammals to microbes, have been mapped. Getting your genome sequenced is becoming affordable for many. You too can check paternity, find out where your ancestors came from, or whether you are at risk of some diseases. Some check out the pedigree of their pets, while others turn genomes into art. A stray hair is enough to crudely reconstruct the face of the owner. From reading to constructing: the first steps to creating artificial life have already been taken. Some may find the rapidity of developments, and the potential for misuse, alarming. But they also open up unprecedented possibilities. The ability to read DNA has changed how we view ourselves and understand our place in nature. From the largest oceans, to the insides of our guts, we are able to explore the biosphere as never before, from the genome up. Sequencing technology has made the invisible world of microbes visible, and biodiversity genomics is revealing whole new worlds within us and without. The findings are transformational: we are all ecosystems now. Already the first efforts at 'barcoding' entire ecological communities and creating 'genomic observatories' have begun. The future, the authors argue, will involve biocoding the entire planet.
Download or read book Government Response to the Report from the House of Commons Science and Technology Committee written by Great Britain: Department of Health and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2005-08-16 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sets out the Government's response to the 104 recommendations made in the Commons Science and Technology Select Committee report of their year long inquiry into options for the future regulation of human reproductive technologies in the UK.
Download or read book Compound Solutions written by Susan Craddock and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Claiming 1.5 million lives in 2015, tuberculosis is the world's most deadly infectious disease. Because of the population it overwhelmingly affects, however, pharmaceutical companies are uninterested in developing better drugs for the disease. Compound Solutions examines Product Development Partnerships (PDPs), which arose early in the twenty-first century to develop new drugs and vaccines for infectious diseases in low-income countries. Here, for the first time, is a sustained examination of PDPs: the work they do, the partnerships they form, their mission, and their underlying philosophy of addressing global health needs--with implications that extend well beyond tuberculosis. Focusing on two PDPs for tuberculosis--the Global Alliance for TB Drug Development (TB Alliance) and Aeras (a nonprofit focused on vaccine development)--Susan Craddock argues that PDPs do much more than product development. As innovative sites of humanitarian pharmaceutical production, they are contravening mainstream pharmaceutical production by tying drug and vaccine research to global health needs rather than shareholder demand. In largely untethering the profit incentive from pharmaceutical production, Craddock shows, PDPs exhibit more creative and efficient scientific practices, reshaping regulatory norms and implementing more ethical forms of clinical trials that enhance community engagement and capacity building. An unparalleled, interdisciplinary analysis of PDPs as politically, socially, scientifically, and economically innovative sites of pharmaceutical production, Compound Solutions is a must for readers in the fields of public health, science and technology studies, and medical social science.
Download or read book Personalised Medicine Individual Choice and the Common Good written by Britta van Beers and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-11-22 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Asks whether personalised medicine is superior to 'one-size-fits-all' treatment. Does it elevate individual choice above the common good?
