Download or read book Lean Burn Versus Stoichiometric Operation with EGR and 3 way Catalyst of an Engine Fueled with Natural Gas and Hydrogen Enriched Natural Gas written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Natural Gas Engines written by Kalyan Kumar Srinivasan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-03 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the various advanced reciprocating combustion engine technologies that utilize natural gas and alternative fuels for transportation and power generation applications. It is divided into three major sections consisting of both fundamental and applied technologies to identify (but not limited to) clean, high-efficiency opportunities with natural gas fueling that have been developed through experimental protocols, numerical and high-performance computational simulations, and zero-dimensional, multizone combustion simulations. Particular emphasis is placed on statutes to monitor fine particulate emissions from tailpipe of engines operating on natural gas and alternative fuels.

Download or read book Enriched Methane written by Marcello De Falco and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-28 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together recent research from across the world on enriched methane, and examines the production, distribution and use of this resource in internal combustion engines and gas turbines. It aims to provide readers with an extensive account of potential technological breakthroughs which have the capacity to revolutionize energy systems. Enriched methane, a gas mixture composed by methane and hydrogen (10-30%vol), constitutes the first realistic step towards the application of hydrogen as an energy vector. It provides strong benefits in terms of emissions reduction, that is -11% of CO2, eq emission with the combustion of a 30%vol H2 mixture, if hydrogen is produced from renewable energy sources. Enriched methane offers the following advantages:• it can be produced at competitive costs; • it can be distributed by means of the medium pressure natural gas grid;• it can be stored in traditional natural gas storage systems; • it can feed natural gas internal combustion engine, improving conversion efficiency. /divdivThis book is intended for academics in chemical engineering and energy production, distribution and storage. It is also intended for energy producers, engineering companies and R&D organizations./divdivbr

Download or read book Annual Index abstracts of SAE Technical Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Diesel Emissions and Their Control 2nd Edition written by W. Addy Majewski and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2023-12-20 with total page 1135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineers, applied scientists, students, and individuals working to reduceemissions and advance diesel engine technology will find the secondedition of Diesel Emissions and Their Control to be an indispensablereference. Whether readers are at the outset of their learning journey orseeking to deepen their expertise, this comprehensive reference bookcaters to a wide audience.In this substantial update to the 2006 classic, the authors have expandedthe coverage of the latest emission technologies. With the industryevolving rapidly, the book ensures that readers are well-informed aboutthe most recent advances in commercial diesel engines, providing acompetitive edge in their respective fields. The second edition has alsostreamlined the content to focus on the most promising technologies.This book is rooted in the wealth of information available on DieselNet.com, where the “Technology Guide” papers offer in-depth insights. Eachchapter includes links to relevant online materials, granting readers accessto even more expertise and knowledge.The second edition is organized into six parts, providing a structuredjourney through every aspect of diesel engines and emissions control: Part I: A foundational exploration of the diesel engine, combustion, andessential subsystems. Part II: An in-depth look at emission characterization, health andenvironmental impacts, testing methods, and global regulations. Part III: A comprehensive overview of diesel fuels, covering petroleumdiesel, alternative fuels, and engine lubricants. Part IV: An exploration of engine efficiency and emission controltechnologies, from exhaust gas recirculation to engine control. Part V: The latest developments in diesel exhaust aftertreatment,encompassing catalyst technologies and particulate filters. Part VI: A historical journey through the evolution of dieselengine technology, with a focus on heavy-duty engines in the NorthAmerican market. (ISBN 9781468605693, ISBN 9781468605709, ISBN 9781468605716, DOI: 10.4271/9781468605709)

Download or read book Which Fuels for Low CO2 Engines written by Pierre Duret and published by Editions TECHNIP. This book was released on 2004 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the world, research and development in the field of vehicle transportation is increasingly focusing on engine and fuel combinations. The conventional and alternative fuels of the future are seen as fundamental to the development of a new generation of internal combustion engines that attain low well-to-wheel CO2 emissions along with near-zero pollutant emissions. These issues were debated during an international conference whose proceedings are presented in this book. This international conference attracted specialists in the field, including participants from universities, research centres and industry.Contents : Future of liquid fuels, Engine and fuel-related issues in HCCI & CAI combustion, Energy conversion in engines from natural gas, Use of hydrogen in IC engines, Which fuels for low CO2 engines?

Download or read book Injection Technologies and Mixture Formation Strategies For Spark Ignition and Dual Fuel Engines written by Alessandro Ferrari and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2022-06-24 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel injection systems and performance is fundamental to combustion engine performance in terms of power, noise, efficiency, and exhaust emissions. There is a move toward electric vehicles (EVs) to reduce carbon emissions, but this is unlikely to be a rapid transition, in part due to EV batteries: their size, cost, longevity, and charging capabilities as well as the scarcity of materials to produce them. Until these isssues are resolved, refining the spark-ignited engine is necessary address both sustainability and demand for affordable and reliable mobility. Even under policies oriented to smart sustainable mobility, spark-ignited engines remain strategic, because they can be applied to hybridized EVs or can be fueled with gasoline blended with bioethanol or bio-butanol to drastically reduce particulate matter emissions of direct injection engines in addition to lower CO2 emissions. In this book, Alessandro Ferrari and Pietro Pizzo provide a full review of spark-ignited engine fuel injection systems. The most popular typologies of fuel injection systems are considered, with special focus on state-of-the-art solutions. Dedicated sections on the methods for air mass evaluation, fuel delivery low-pressure modules, and the specific subsystems for idle, cold start, and warm-up control are also included. The authors pay special attention to mixture formation strategies, as they are a fundamental theme for SI engines. An exhaustive overview of fuel injection technologies is provided, and mixture formation strategies for spark ignited combustion engines are considered. Fuel Injection Systems illustrates the performance of these systems and will also serve as a reference for engineers who are active in the aftermarket, offering detailed information on fuel injection system solutions that are mounted in older vehicles.

Download or read book Proceedings of the 19th Annual Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Engine combustion performance and emissions written by American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Internal Combustion Engine Division. Technical Conference and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hydrogen IC Engines written by Society of Automotive Engineers and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2006 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Combustion Emrw Update written by Maximilian Lackner and published by . This book was released on 2015-10-22 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fully revised and updated edition of "Handbook of Combustion" - the standard work on this topic - comes with 30% more content and an extended new editorial team with two more renowned experts. The new edition combines the strength of the previous one while increasing the scope by additional chapters on unconventional natural gas, boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) and smog formation, and by expanding existing topics, e.g., biofuels and chemical looping combustion. The work is divided in five topics: 1) Fundamentals and Safety, 2) Combustion Diagnostics and Pollutants, 3) Gaseous and Liquid Fuels, 4) Solid Fuels, and 5) New Technologies. Cross-references in and between the topics guide the reader to the content of interest and provide access to additional subjects. This major reference summarizes all significant information on combustion such as the chemistry, physics, and modeling of combustion processes, spectroscopic methods, safety regulations, pollutants formation, fuel types and, not the least, environmental impacts. The Handbook of Combustion is a complete and impressive work written for academic as well as industrial researchers and developers. Reviewer quotes (amazon): "... the entire area of combustion, including gasification and new technologies, is described in a clear and comprehensive way." "... this is a unique handbook, which closes a big gap in the literature."

Download or read book Lean NOx Trap Catalysis for Lean Burn Natural Gas Engines written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the nation's demand for energy grows along with concern for the environment, there is a pressing need for cleaner, more efficient forms of energy. The internal combustion engine is well established as one of the most reliable forms of power production. They are commercially available in power ranges from 0.5 kW to 6.5 MW, which make them suitable for a wide range of distributed power applications from small scale residential to large scale industrial. In addition, alternative fuels with domestic abundance, such as natural gas, can play a key role in weaning our nations dependence on foreign oil. Lean burn natural gas engines can achieve high efficiencies and can be conveniently placed anywhere natural gas supplies are available. However, the aftertreatment of Nox emissions presents a challenge in lean exhaust conditions. Unlike carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, which can be catalytically reduced in lean exhaust, NOx emissions require a net reducing atmosphere for catalytic reduction. Unless this challenge of NOx reduction can be met, emissions regulations may restrict the implementation of highly efficient lean burn natural gas engines for stationary power applications. While the typical three-way catalyst is ineffective for NOx reduction under lean exhaust conditions, several emerging catalyst technologies have demonstrated potential. The three leading contenders for lean burn engine de-NOx are the Lean NOx Catalyst (LNC), Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) and the Lean Nox Trap (LNT). Similar to the principles of SCR, an LNT catalyst has the ability to store NOx under lean engine operation. Then, an intermittent rich condition is created causing the stored NOx to be released and subsequently reduced. However, unlike SCR, which uses urea injection to create the reducing atmosphere, the LNT can use the same fuel supplied to the engine as the reductant. LNT technology has demonstrated high reduction efficiencies in diesel applications where diesel fuel is the reducing agent. The premise of this research is to explore the application of Lean NOx Trap technology to a lean burn natural gas engine where natural gas is the reducing agent. Natural gas is primarily composed of methane, a highly stable hydrocarbon. The two primary challenges addressed by this research are the performance of the LNT in the temperature ranges experienced from lean natural gas combustion and the utilization of the highly stable methane as the reducing agent. The project used an 8.3 liter lean burn natural gas engine on a dynamometer to generate the lean exhaust conditions. The catalysts were packaged in a dual path aftertreatment system, and a set of valves were used to control the flow of exhaust to either leg during adsorption and regeneration.

Download or read book Traffic Related Air Pollution and Internal Combustion Engines written by Sergey Demidov and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric pollution has been a major problem in human technological development and motor vehicles are one of the major sources of particulate matter pollution. This book investigates current models designed to predict air pollutant emissions and fuel consumption for road traffic and presents the outputs of statistical models developed to derive emission factors. Information on the use of Geographic Information Systems and traffic area air pollution monitoring stations is presented in order to comprehend the variations of traffic-related air pollution. Furthermore, this book reports the pros and cons of hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engines, a study of the new technology to produce syngas from methane with a compression ignition engine. An overview of the characteristics of the factors influencing the thermal efficiency of spark ignition engines fuelled with hydrogen is given as well.

Download or read book Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-06-03 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various combinations of commercially available technologies could greatly reduce fuel consumption in passenger cars, sport-utility vehicles, minivans, and other light-duty vehicles without compromising vehicle performance or safety. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy estimates the potential fuel savings and costs to consumers of available technology combinations for three types of engines: spark-ignition gasoline, compression-ignition diesel, and hybrid. According to its estimates, adopting the full combination of improved technologies in medium and large cars and pickup trucks with spark-ignition engines could reduce fuel consumption by 29 percent at an additional cost of $2,200 to the consumer. Replacing spark-ignition engines with diesel engines and components would yield fuel savings of about 37 percent at an added cost of approximately $5,900 per vehicle, and replacing spark-ignition engines with hybrid engines and components would reduce fuel consumption by 43 percent at an increase of $6,000 per vehicle. The book focuses on fuel consumption-the amount of fuel consumed in a given driving distance-because energy savings are directly related to the amount of fuel used. In contrast, fuel economy measures how far a vehicle will travel with a gallon of fuel. Because fuel consumption data indicate money saved on fuel purchases and reductions in carbon dioxide emissions, the book finds that vehicle stickers should provide consumers with fuel consumption data in addition to fuel economy information.

Download or read book Introduction to Modeling and Control of Internal Combustion Engine Systems written by Lino Guzzella and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internal combustion engines still have a potential for substantial improvements, particularly with regard to fuel efficiency and environmental compatibility. These goals can be achieved with help of control systems. Modeling and Control of Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) addresses these issues by offering an introduction to cost-effective model-based control system design for ICE. The primary emphasis is put on the ICE and its auxiliary devices. Mathematical models for these processes are developed in the text and selected feedforward and feedback control problems are discussed. The appendix contains a summary of the most important controller analysis and design methods, and a case study that analyzes a simplified idle-speed control problem. The book is written for students interested in the design of classical and novel ICE control systems.

Download or read book Cost Effectiveness and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-09-28 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The light-duty vehicle fleet is expected to undergo substantial technological changes over the next several decades. New powertrain designs, alternative fuels, advanced materials and significant changes to the vehicle body are being driven by increasingly stringent fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards. By the end of the next decade, cars and light-duty trucks will be more fuel efficient, weigh less, emit less air pollutants, have more safety features, and will be more expensive to purchase relative to current vehicles. Though the gasoline-powered spark ignition engine will continue to be the dominant powertrain configuration even through 2030, such vehicles will be equipped with advanced technologies, materials, electronics and controls, and aerodynamics. And by 2030, the deployment of alternative methods to propel and fuel vehicles and alternative modes of transportation, including autonomous vehicles, will be well underway. What are these new technologies - how will they work, and will some technologies be more effective than others? Written to inform The United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards, this new report from the National Research Council is a technical evaluation of costs, benefits, and implementation issues of fuel reduction technologies for next-generation light-duty vehicles. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles estimates the cost, potential efficiency improvements, and barriers to commercial deployment of technologies that might be employed from 2020 to 2030. This report describes these promising technologies and makes recommendations for their inclusion on the list of technologies applicable for the 2017-2025 CAFE standards.

Download or read book Implementation and Control of Stoichiometric Natural Gas Combustion to Enable Low emission Diesel Engines written by Nathaniel Bryce Oliver and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The expected growth in the heavy-duty transportation sector necessitates the development of engine technologies able to increase efficiency and reduce emissions without sacrificing power output. Previous research has demonstrated that reducing heat transfer losses from the cylinder can enable significant efficiency gains in Diesel engines. The high in-cylinder temperatures generated in this engine architecture enable the use of low-cetane fuels with the potential for low-soot operation. Low soot emissions allow the equivalence ratio to be increased to stoichiometric which increases power, and could allow the existing Diesel aftertreatment system to be replaced with a less-expensive three-way catalyst. Natural gas is a promising candidate for stoichiometric, high-temperature, Diesel-style combustion. Its high hydrogen-to-carbon ratio should be able to reduce both soot and carbon dioxide emissions, and its wide distribution as a commercial and residential fuel provides existing infrastructure to speed deployment in transportation applications. This thesis demonstrates stoichiometric, Diesel-style combustion of neat methane as a single-component surrogate for natural gas. It explores the challenges of injecting a gaseous fuel at high pressures, and demonstrates the fuel's capacity for low emissions. It then provides a preliminary investigation into multiple-injection strategies for controlling combustion behavior and emissions in a stoichiometric, high-temperature engine architecture. First, fuel system hardware is developed to enable gaseous operation and preliminary experimentation is accomplished with methane. A fuel compression system is designed to supply methane at pressures suitably high to achieve good mixing and short injection durations, and a solenoid-actuated Diesel fuel injector is modeled and modified to inject methane at these pressures. This fuel injection system is then implemented on a single-cylinder engine. An insulated piston face, air cooled head, and intake preheating achieve suitable start of injection temperatures to ignite methane. Intake preheating is varied at low equivalence ratios to determine the sensitivity of engine performance to temperature at the lowest-load, lowest-temperature conditions of interest. A sweep of equivalence ratio demonstrates soot emissions roughly four times the current EPA limit for heavy-duty vehicles and combustion efficiencies of approximately 92% at stoichiometric fuel loading. High soot levels and low combustion efficiencies are also seen at the lowest equivalence ratios investigated. This suggests poorly mixed combustion, and poor injector performance. Second, injector dynamics are examined in greater detailed, and emissions performance is characterized with improved injector performance. High-speed Schlieren imaging is able to determine the injection dynamics contributing to high low-load emissions. A parametric modeling investigation suggests that reducing the injector plunger length is able to remove flow rate oscillations seen at long injection durations, and that the addition of dry friction is able to reduce the magnitude of low-momentum post injections occurring after injector closing. Dry friction is implemented using PTFE O-rings installed between the injector body and plunger. Imaging is used to confirm that a shortened plunger is able to remove long-duration oscillations, and to determine the number of O-rings necessary to suitably reduce post injection magnitude. The improved injector is used to repeat the sweep of equivalence ratios and demonstrates improved soot emissions at all operating conditions. Most notably, low-load soot emissions are reduced by more than a factor of ten, demonstrating the effectiveness of improved injector performance for improving emissions. Techniques for further improving injector performance and potential changes to injector design are discussed. Finally, the prospects for controlling combustion in a stoichiometric, low heat rejection Diesel engine using multiple injections are discussed and experimentally investigated. The applications and effects of multiple injection strategies in traditional Diesel engines are explored, and their potential extension to stoichiometric engines is discussed. Methanol engine operation enables the use of a fast-actuating piezoinjector and the realization of short injection pulses. A range of two-injection strategies are implemented in order to determine the sensitivity of engine operation to pilot, split-main, and post-injection timing and duration. Small pilot injections are found to have control authority over rate of pressure rise and peak pressure and show some promise for improving combustion efficiency. Post injections demonstrate authority over peak pressure and combustion efficiency. All of these effects are accomplished with minimal impact on engine work output. The experiments of this thesis demonstrate that, even with course control of injection, high-temperature, stoichiometric combustion of methane is able to greatly reduce soot emissions over traditional Diesel engines. Improved injector dynamics and the implementation of multiple injection strategies further improve emissions and combustion performance, suggesting substantial room for refinement of the technology and motivating the continued development of injector hardware and injection strategies. The ability to operate a Diesel engine at stoichiometric fueled only by natural gas and to employ a three-way catalyst for emissions abatement makes this strategy a clean, efficient, high-torque, and low-cost solution for heavy-duty transportation.

Download or read book Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies for Improved Environmental Performance written by Richard Folkson and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2022-07-27 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies for Improved Environmental Performance: Towards Zero Carbon Transportation, Second Edition provides a comprehensive view of key developments in advanced fuels and vehicle technologies to improve the energy efficiency and environmental impact of the automotive sector. Sections consider the role of alternative fuels such as electricity, alcohol and hydrogen fuel cells, as well as advanced additives and oils in environmentally sustainable transport. Other topics explored include methods of revising engine and vehicle design to improve environmental performance and fuel economy and developments in electric and hybrid vehicle technologies. This reference will provide professionals, engineers and researchers of alternative fuels with an understanding of the latest clean technologies which will help them to advance the field. Those working in environmental and mechanical engineering will benefit from the detailed analysis of the technologies covered, as will fuel suppliers and energy producers seeking to improve the efficiency, sustainability and accessibility of their work. - Provides a fully updated reference with significant technological advances and developments in the sector - Presents analyses on the latest advances in electronic systems for emissions control, autonomous systems, artificial intelligence and legislative requirements - Includes a strong focus on updated climate change predictions and consequences, helping the reader work towards ambitious 2050 climate change goals for the automotive industry