Download or read book Le principe d galit entre entreprises publiques et entreprises priv es en droit communautaire written by Catherine Frezet and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Approche des sp cificit s des groupes publics written by Laetitia Sellam-Gillès de Pélichy and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: De prime abord, les règles issues du droit commun paraissent largement applicables aux groupes publics. La majeure partie des dispositions du Code de commerce et du Code du travail ont en effet vocation à s'appliquer aux entreprises publiques et à leurs filiales. La soumission des groupes publics au droit communautaire est également un élément révélateur du rapprochement du régime des groupes publics de celui des entreprises appartenant au secteur privé. Le Traité de Rome les soumet effectivement aux règles de la concurrence et tout particulièrement au régime des aides d'Etat. Néanmoins, force est de constater que certains textes particuliers entendent déroger au droit commun. La loi de démocratisation du secteur public du 26 juillet 1983 est le texte le plus significatif en la matière. Par ailleurs, s'il apparaît que le principe communautaire de prohibition des aides d'Etat, s'entend aussi bien des mesures consenties aux entreprises du secteur privé qu'aux entreprises du secteur public, force est de constater que le lien capitalistique existant entre l'Etat et ses entreprises entraîne nécessairement des ajustements au droit des aides d'Etat. Enfin, les contrôles à la fois plus lourds et plus nombreux exercés sur les groupes publics, ainsi que leur transfert au secteur privé et les modalités qui l'accompagnent, constituent de véritables spécificités, car intrinsèquement liées à l'appartenance au secteur public, et par la même inexistantes en droit commun.
Download or read book Le secteur public industriel et commercial written by Théodore Condovasainitis and published by LGDJ. This book was released on 1990 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book L galit de traitement entre entreprises en droit communautaire de la concurrence written by Marie Blanchard and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'objectif d'une concurrence non faussée, posé par le droit communautaire de la concurrence, implique le respect de l'égalité de traitement entre les entreprises, conçue comme une égalité des chances. Cette égalité n'est cependant qu'un moyen pour atteindre les missions fixées à l'article 2 du traité CE. La commission dispose ainsi d'un pouvoir discrétionnaire pour apprécier les circonstances de la qualification et de la sanction d'une infrastructure aux règles de concurrence : elle n'est donc pas obligée d'appliquer des critères identiques au traitement des entreprises. Mais ces mesures de doivent pas être discriminatoires, car l'interdiction de discrimination est un principe général du droit communautaire. Il implique en effet que des situations comparables doivent être traitées de manière identique et que des situations non comparables doivent être traitées de manière différente, sauf s'il existe une justification objective. Mais ce principe est peu opératoire en droit communautaire de la concurrence, précisément parce que la commission dispose d'un large pouvoir d'appréciation. Par conséquent, il est difficile d'apprécier la teneur discriminatoire d'une règle de concurrence ou se son application. En revanche, on pourrait considérer que la mesure prise par les autorités communautaires n'est pas discriminatoire si, lors de son adoption ou de sa mise en œuvre, toutes les entreprises ont pu également exprimer leurs intérêts. Cette égalité de traitement entre les entreprises dans les procédures entourant l'élaboration et l'application des règles de concurrence pourrait être désignée sous le terme d'égalité procédurale.
Download or read book L entreprise priv e aid e par les pouvoirs publics written by Muriel Falaise and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SI L'AVENEMENT D'UNE COMMUNAUTE ECONOMIQUE EUROPEENNE A EU POUR EFFET EN 1957 DE METTRE EN PLACE UN REGIME JURIDIQUE UNIFIE, LE MECANISME DES AIDES D'ETAT SE CARACTERISE CEPENDANT PAR LA COEXISTENCE DE DEUX REGIMES JURIDIQUES. AU CONFLUENT DE CES DEUX REGIMES, LES ENTREPRISES PRIVEES NE DOIVENT PAS SEULEMENT S'ASSURER DE LA LEGALITE DE LA MESURE DONT ELLES ONT BENEFICIE AU PLAN NATIONAL, ELLES DOIVENT EN OUTRE S'INTERROGER SUR LA COMPATIBILITE DE CETTE AIDE AU REGARD DU DROIT COMMUNAUTAIRE. IL EST DONC APPARU IMPERATIF QUE LE REGIME DES AIDES PUBLIQUES, CONCU POUR SOUTENIR LES ENTREPRISES DANS LEUR FONCTION ECONOMIQUE ET NECESSAIRE AU FONCTIONNEMENT DU MARCHE COMMUN ELARGI, NE SE PERVERTISSE PAS PAR UNE ABSENCE DE TRANSPARENCE. LES ENTREPRISES PRIVEES NE DOIVENT PAS EN OUTRE SUBIR LES CONSEQUENCES DES INADEQUATIONS ENTRE LE DROIT NATIONAL ET COMMUNAUTAIRE. LA RECONSIDERATION DE LA SITUATION DE L'ENTREPRISE PRIVEE FACE AUX AIDES D'ETAT DOIT PASSER PAR LA MISE EN EVIDENCE DES ASPECTS DE NATURE A LA MAINTENIR DANS UNE SITUATION JURIDIQUE INCERTAINE. EN EFFET, LA SECURITE JURIDIQUE DES ENTREPRISES EST ESSENTIELLE TANT IL LEUR IMPORTE DANS LES ACTIONS QU'ELLES DOIVENT MENER DE CONNAITRE LE CADRE LEGAL QUI LEUR EST APPLICABLE. POUR ATTEINDRE CET OBJECTIF, LA THESE DOIT ETRE SCINDEE EN DEUX PARTIE. LA PREMIERE EST CONSACREE A LA SITUATION DE L'ENTREPRISE PRIVEE AU REGARD DU DROIT FRANCAIS DES AIDES PUBLIQUES, TANDIS QUE LA SECONDE S'ATTACHE A PRESENTER LES INCIDENCES SUR L'ENTREPRISE PRIVEE DU CONTROLE COMMUNAUTAIRE DES AIDES NATIONALES. AU PLAN INTERNE IL A FALLU PRESENTER LES DIFFERENTES FORMES D'AIDES AFIN DE POUVOIR DEGAGER DANS UN PREMIER TEMPS LES MODALITES D'OCTROI DES AIDES. LORSQUE L'ENTREPRISE BENEFICIAIRE SOUHAITE FAIRE CONSTATER SON DROIT, OU L'ENTREPRISE CONCURRENTE CONTESTER L'OCTROI D'UNE AIDE, IL EST NECESSAIRE DE DETERMINER PREALABLEMENT LA JURIDICTION COMPETENTE EN LA MATIERE. OR LA NATURE PUBLIQUE ET PRIVEE DES PARTIES A LA RELATION D'AIDE A POUR EFFET D'ENGENDRER DES DIFFICULTES DE QUALIFICATION DE L'ACTE D'OCTROI NOTAMMENT EN MATIERE CONTRACTUELLE.
Download or read book LA NOTION D ENTREPRISE EN DROIT COMMUNAUTAIRE DE LA CONCURRENCE written by JOSE GABRIEL.. ASSIS DE ALMEIDA and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LA FINALITE DU PRESENT TRAVAIL EST D'ETUDIER LA NOTION D'ENTREPRISE EN DROIT COMMUNAUTAIRE DE LA CONCURRENCE. LE TRAVAIL SE DIVISE EN DEUX PARTIES. LA PREMIERE EST RELATIVE AUX ASPECTS JURIDIQUES DE CETTE NOTION ET, LA DEUXIEME, AUX ASPECTS ECONOMIQUES. DANS LA PREMIERE PARTIE SONT EXAMINEES LA FORME ET LA PERSONNALITE JURIDIQUE DE L'ENTREPRISE, AU SENS DU DROIT COMMUNAUTAIRE DE LA CONCURRENCE. DANS LA DEUXIEME PARTIE, RELATIVE AU CONTENU ECONOMIQUE DE L'ENTREPRISE, SONT ANALYSEES L'ACTIVITE DE L'ENTREPRISE ET LA FACON DONT CETTE ACTIVITE EST EXERCEE. L'ETUDE PORTE SUR LES ENTREPRISES PRIVEES ET LES ENTREPRISES PUBLIQUES.
Download or read book Missing Links written by United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development. Gender Working Group and published by IDRC. This book was released on 1995 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this landmark book, the UN-commissioned Gender Working Group outlines its policy proposals for national science and technology programs. Its goal is to ensure that women and men have equal access to and benefit equally from science and technology. The proposals are supported by essays written by distinguished scholars and experts.
Download or read book Treaty Series Recueil Des Traites written by United Nations and published by UN. This book was released on 2007-11-02 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Intelligence Studies written by Loch K. Johnson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-01-24 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This topical volume offers a comprehensive review of secret intelligence organizations and activities. Intelligence has been in the news consistently since 9/11 and the Iraqi WMD errors. Leading experts in the field approach the three major missions of intelligence: collection-and-analysis; covert action; and counterintelligence. Within each of these missions, the dynamically written essays dissect the so-called intelligence cycle to reveal the challenges of gathering and assessing information from around the world. Covert action, the most controversial intelligence activity, is explored, with special attention on the issue of military organizations moving into what was once primarily a civilian responsibility. The authors furthermore examine the problems that are associated with counterintelligence, protecting secrets from foreign spies and terrorist organizations, as well as the question of intelligence accountability, and how a nation can protect its citizens against the possible abuse of power by its own secret agencies. The Handbook of Intelligence Studies is a benchmark publication with major importance both for current research and for the future of the field. It is essential reading for advanced undergraduates, graduate students and scholars of intelligence studies, international security, strategic studies and political science in general.
Download or read book The Nomad written by Isabelle Eberhardt and published by Summersdale Publishers. This book was released on 2002 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Born to Russian emigres and brought up in an atmosphere of intellectual and aristocratic anachism, in her short life Isabelle Eberhardt (1877-1904) came to be known as the ultimate enigma and a representative of everything that seemed dangerous in 19th century society. She was a transvestite and sensualist, an experienced drug-taker and a transgressor of boundaries: a European reborn as a desert Arab and devout Muslim, a woman who reinvented herself as a man, wandering the Sahara on horseback.
Download or read book Inventing the Israelite written by Maurice Samuels and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2009-12-07 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Maurice Samuels brings to light little known works of literature produced from 1830 to 1870 by the first generation of Jews born as French citizens. These writers, Samuels asserts, used fiction as a laboratory to experiment with new forms of Jewish identity relevant to the modern world. In their stories and novels, they responded to the stereotypical depictions of Jews in French culture while creatively adapting the forms and genres of the French literary tradition. They also offered innovative solutions to the central dilemmas of Jewish modernity in the French context—including how to reconcile their identities as Jews with the universalizing demands of the French revolutionary tradition. While their solutions ranged from complete assimilation to a modern brand of orthodoxy, these writers collectively illustrate the creativity of a community in the face of unprecedented upheaval.
Download or read book A Constitution for the European Union written by Charles Beat Blankart and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The leaders of the European Union member states have declared that a European constitution should have the aim of bringing institutions closer to the citizens. This text looks at how a common policy could be agreed, as well as discussing what powers it might have.
Download or read book International Natural Rubber Agreement 1979 written by United Nations and published by New York : United Nations. This book was released on 1980 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Prince of Europe written by Philip Mansel and published by Orion Publishing Company. This book was released on 2005 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Habsburg courtier Charles-Joseph Prince de Ligne seduced and symbolized eighteenth-century Europe. Speaking French, the international language of the day, he travelled between Paris and St Petersburg, charming everyone he met. He stayed with Madame du Barry, dined with Frederick the Great and travelled to the Crimea with Catherine the Great. But Ligne was more than a frivolous charmer. He participated in and recorded some of the most important events and movements of his day: the Enlightenment; the struggle for mastery in Germany; the decline of the Ottoman Empire; the birth of German nationalism; and the wars to liberate Europe from Napoleon. He had surprisingly radical views, believing for example in property rights for women, legal rights for Jews and the redistribution of wealth. He was also a highly respected writer and his books on gardens, his letters from the Crimea and his epigrams are considered minor classics of French literature.
Download or read book Transboundary Pollution written by S. Jayakumar and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2015-05-29 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important new book provides a comprehensive overview of the international legal principles governing transboundary pollution. In doing so, the experts writing in this book examine the practical applications of the State responsibility doctrine in
Download or read book Latin America on Its Path Into the Digital Age written by Martin R. Hilbert and published by United Nations Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication investigates the impact of modern information and communication technologies (ICTs) on Latin America. In analyzing the special characteristics of Latin America with regard to the integration of ICTs, the publication focuses on five main areas - access, regulatory framework, financing, education and the so-called soft factor.
