Download or read book Large Whale Entanglements Off the U S West Coast from 1982 2017 written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Understanding the Co occurrence of Large Whales and Commercial Fixed Gear Fisheries Off the West Coast of the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large whale entanglement in commercial fishing gear off the U.S. west coast has been identified as an issue of concern by NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) because of the potential impacts to both large whales (individually and at a stock/population level) and the commercial fishing industry. Large whales entangled in gear may be injured and/or impared which could affect the ability of individuals to survive and a population's ability to recover. Blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus), fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus), gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus), humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) and sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) were included in this study based on their distribution and density associated with habitat, as modeled through multi-year ship-based surveys or migration studies and/or historic entanglement records. Along the U.S. west coast, an average of 10 large whales have been reported entangled between 2000 and 2012. Little information has been confirmed from entanglement reports about the origin of the entangling fishing gear; therefore NMFS has developed analytical tools to assess the potential entanglement risk associated with various fixed gear fisheries relative to their co-occurrence with large whale species. A primary tool includes the development of a model to represent the spatial and temporal distributions of commercial fishing effort, focusing on fixed gear fisheries with gear that has been confirmed as entangling whales through sightings and strandings of entangled animals and or has the potential for causing entanglement based on similarities in the general configuration of gear across the fisheries. Fishing effort represented in this study, both state and federally managed, was derived from landings data obtained through the Pacific Fisheries Information Network (PacFIN). The relative density of fishing effort throughout the calendar year was overlaid with species-specific whale distribution patterns, modeled from systematically-collected marine mammal survey data, to help identify spatial and temporal overlap between whales and fisheries. The other tool developed, a co-occurrence model, identified potential species-specific elevated risk areas where and when large whales are more likely to encounter fishing gear, which is the first step in assessment of whale entanglement risk associated with fixed-gear fisheries on the U.S. west coast. Co-occurrence "scores" were calculated based on correlated area, time, and density of overlap between fixed gear fisheries and whale distribution. Overall, the Dungeness crab trap fishery had the highest co-occurrence scores, and associated entanglement risk, with all whale species included in the model. Confirmed entanglement reports were compared with model results. Alignment of known entanglement locations with areas of higher co-occurrence scores supported the use of the co-occurrence model for assessment of whale entanglement risk off the U.S. west coast. Research on the identified elevated risk areas, combined with the ability to trace gear continued gear research, and strengthened outreach to improve reporting, should improve the ability to minimize or mitigate the risk of large whale entanglements.

Download or read book Tracking marine megafauna for conservation and marine spatial planning written by Jorge M. Pereira and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-02-09 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Assessment Approaches to Support Bycatch Management for Marine Mammals written by Tessa Francis and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-06-21 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Assessment of Entanglement Risk written by Samantha C. Macks and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 2014, reports of whale entanglements have spiked along the U.S. West Coast from an average of 10 confirmed cases per year to up to 71 reported entanglements in 2016. The commercial fixed gear Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) fishery has been the most identifiable gear in confirmed whale entanglements. The continued high number of reported whale entanglements has warranted fishery managers, fishermen, and other stakeholders to look into solutions to reducing the number of entangled whales; however, a better understanding of where and why these entanglement rates have spiked is needed. Previous efforts by National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) to understand entanglement risk designed a co-occurrence model to assess entanglement risk along the West Coast by overlaying landings data with species-specific whale density and distribution patterns to produce relative co-occurrence scores as an indicator for risk. The purpose of this study was to create a vertical line co-occurrence model between large whales and the commercial Dungeness crab fishery; as NMFS indicated in their previous model, that the use of gear density instead of the number of pounds landed to represent fishing effort provides a better understanding of high entanglement risk areas. This research provides a comparison to previous co-occurrence modeling efforts, highlights the areas and months of high entanglement risk, and compares risk areas over several time periods. The vertical line co-occurrence models piloted in this study created a new understanding of areas of entanglement risk for large whales in recent years to aid future efforts by NMFS and fishery managers to mitigate large whale entanglements.

Download or read book Entanglements written by Tora Johnson and published by University Press of Florida. This book was released on 2007-09-23 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Entanglements explores the clash of cultures and personalities among fishermen, scientists, and whale advocates struggling to save both the endangered North Atlantic right whale and the livelihoods of thousands of Atlantic coastal families. By most counts, about 300 of these whales remain in the North Atlantic, and scientists warn that collisions with fishing gear are contributing to their decline. The political climate that surrounds the world's most endangered large whale is contentious, complex, and heartrending. Without pointing fingers or laying blame, Tora Johnson explores every side of the issue. She takes us to sea with fishermen who struggle to stay in business, setting traps and gillnets in the whale's habitat, and with members of the rescue teams who attempt to cut away deadly rope and net from whales in the wild. Weaving their stories and her personal observations into a discussion of the science and history of the conflict, she offers an admirable balance of perceptions, backgrounds, and agendas. Her thoughtful discussion of the plight of fishermen and whales and of the frustrations between fishing communities and conservationists presents an authentic microcosm of the global conflict between human demands on the environment and nature's finite capacity for supporting those demands.

Download or read book Marine Plastics Innovative Solutions to Tackling Waste written by Siv Marina Flø Grimstad and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-31 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book reflects aims of the Blue Circular Economy (BCE) project, which focused on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) aiming to create value using circular economy concepts related to products and services within fishing gear recycling in the Northern Periphery and Arctic (NPA) area. Cluster establishment and operation were carried out in collaboration with academia, industry and government agencies following a triple-helix approach. Discarded fishing gear constitutes a large part of marine plastics. Preventing future discharge of fishing gear into the ocean is a vital step in combating plastic pollution. Circular economy is one of the tools in the European Green deal, targeting waste minimisation. Closing the loop for waste fishing nets by transferring them to a resource could be a solution for preventing discharge at sea: exploring this opportunity is at the core of this book.

Download or read book Humpback Whale Megaptera Novaeangliae Entanglements in Commercial Fishing Gear on the U S West Coast written by Rachel Assink and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2015, humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) on the U.S. West Coast were separated into three Distinct Population Segments (DPSs) under the Endangered Species Act, but have remained one stock under the Marine Mammal Protection Act. The mismatch between stock structure and DPS structure under these two different laws has created several management challenges, particularly in terms of assessing allowable levels of human-caused mortalities. Entanglement in commercial fishing gear presents a significant source of mortality and injury for humpback whales, and entanglement reports on the West Coast have significantly increased since 2014. I address some of the implications of a future change in stock structure to match the DPS structure by assessing 1) which DPSs are most likely to be affected by entanglements, examining differential levels of mortality and serious injury, and 2) examining reductions in mortality needed to achieve management goals. I find that under a revised stock structure consistent with DPS designations, current entanglement rates exceed allowable mortality levels for the endangered Central America population.

Download or read book Alaska Region Large Whale Entanglement Guide written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Amending the Atlantic Large Whale Take Reduction Plan Broad based Gear Modifications written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Recent Information on the Status of Large Whales in California Coastal Waters written by Jay Barlow and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Review of Large Whale Entanglement on the East Coast of Australia and Implications for Management written by Karina De Luca and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Implications of Historical Changes in Fixed Fishing Gear for Large Whale Entanglements in the Northwest Atlantic written by Amanda Kozuck and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book We Are All Whalers written by Michael J. Moore and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2021-11-12 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relating his experiences caring for endangered whales, a veterinarian and marine scientist shows we can all share in the salvation of these imperiled animals. The image most of us have of whalers includes harpoons and intentional trauma. Yet eating commercially caught seafood leads to whales’ entanglement and slow death in rope and nets, and the global shipping routes that bring us readily available goods often lead to death by collision. We—all of us—are whalers, marine scientist and veterinarian Michael J. Moore contends. But we do not have to be. Drawing on over forty years of fieldwork with humpback, pilot, fin, and, in particular, North Atlantic right whales—a species whose population has declined more than 20 percent since 2017—Moore takes us with him as he performs whale necropsies on animals stranded on beaches, in his independent research alongside whalers using explosive harpoons, and as he tracks injured whales to deliver sedatives. The whales’ plight is a complex, confounding, and disturbing one. We learn of existing but poorly enforced conservation laws and of perennial (and often failed) efforts to balance the push for fisheries profit versus the protection of endangered species caught by accident. But despite these challenges, Moore’s tale is an optimistic one. He shows us how technologies for ropeless fishing and the acoustic tracking of whale migrations make a dramatic difference. And he looks ahead with hope as our growing understanding of these extraordinary creatures fuels an ever-stronger drive for change. For more information on Moore’s book and research, please visit his webpage at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.

Download or read book 2017 2018 Directive to Minimize Whale Entanglement Risk written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Gray Whale Eschrichtius Robustus written by Mary Lou Jones and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Gray Whale: Eschrichtius robustus provides an introduction to the understanding of Eschrichtius robustus or the gray whale. This book explores the life processes, reproduction, and growth of large cetacean populations. Organized into four parts encompassing 25 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the gray whale evolution, fossils, and subfossil remains, range, and systematics in historical times. This text then presents the historical of gray whale exploitation and the economic importance of these whales to humans. Other chapters consider the gray whale migration, abundance, and seasonal distribution in the wake of the California population's recovery from depletion. This book discusses as well the methods used in shore-based censuses during migration and in aerial surveys of gray whales taken on their winter grounds. The final chapter deals with some innovative approaches to the study of free-ranging cetaceans. This book is a valuable resource for anthropologists, paleontologists, biologists, and naturalists.

Download or read book Large Whale Gear Research Summary written by John Kenney and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: