Download or read book Large scale Dynamic Testing of Rocking Cross Laminated Timber Walls written by Sarah Wichman and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the recent development of engineered wood products such as cross laminated timber (CLT), tall mass timber buildings are becoming a feasible and attractive alternative to using nonrenewable materials such as concrete and steel. Using CLT panels in a post-tensioned rocking wall system shows great potential for creating reliable, cost-effective, and rapidly constructible ductile seismic load resisting systems. The design of these systems are supplemented with replaceable steel U-shaped flexural plate energy dissipation devices (UFPs). This system has opened the door to creating seismic resilience systems that sustain minor damage during large earthquakes. With this in mind, the NHERI TallWood Project funded by the National Science Foundation, is developing a rocking cross laminated timber wall seismic force resisting system and design procedure for tall timber buildings that enables seismic resilience by meeting rigorous performance requirements. The system is designed to have no damage during a frequent hazard (such as a 50% probability of exceedance in 50 years), limits damage to the easily replaceable UFP devices in less frequent earthquakes (such as a 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years), and has more considerable damage that may require CLT repair and PT replacement in an even less frequent hazard (such as a 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years). Experiments conducted by the NHERI TallWood group tested a full-scale two-story mass timer building, with CLT post-tensioned rocking walls as the lateral system, on the world's largest outdoor shake table in San Diego, California at the NHERI@UCSD facility. Fourteen dynamic ground motion tests were conducted on the specimen and experimental results showed a ductile response with low levels of damage. In addition, the performance-based design procedure and performance objectives for the specimen matched well with the observed and instrumented response.

Download or read book CLT Handbook written by Erol Karacabeyli and published by . This book was released on 2013-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book PROPERTIES OF CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER PANEL WITH LOW VALUE LUMBER AND PERFORMANCE OF CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER WALL SYSTEM SUBJECTED TO SEISMIC AND SEQUENTIAL SEISMIC WIND LOADINGS written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : The Cross laminated timber (CLT) panels extended the market of timber material in structural construction, while its laminated structure allows layup design for utilizing low-value lumber. Through mechanical tests and numerical simulation, the mechanical properties of CLT made with low-value sugar maple (Acer saccharum) was first examined. The CLT panels made with white spruce (Picea glauca) salvaged from dead standing trees were examined. The mixed-species panels were prepared with the low-value sugar maple and salvaged spruce. The CLT panels were tested with the third-point and mid-point bending tests following ASTM D198 for major-axis flexural and shear properties. The CLT panels provided adequate flexural performance per current standard PRG 320-2019. The mechanical properties of the hybrid CLT panels with sugar maple surface layers were improved. In the meanwhile, the finite element model built with orthogonal constitutive law and progressive damage criteria simulated the mechanical behaviors of the tested CLT panels. Overall, the simulation results compared favorably with test data and provided reasonable estimates. A decomposed model with equivalent springs and shell elements based on the connection properties was developed to estimate the nonlinear dynamic performance of the conventional CLT shear wall. Full-size building simulation results indicated that the developed model could accurately estimate the wall dynamic performance. The dynamic performance of PT CLT rocking wall was also evaluated with numerical simulation. The similar equivalent decomposed wall model was developed and calibrated. A full-scale platform structure was simulated and compared with test results subjected to different seismic excitations. Because of the concentrated connection damage, the impact of sequential seismic-wind hazards on CLT shear wall systems is severer than that on traditional steel or reinforced concrete structures. With the developed conventional and PT wall models, the structural dynamic responses of different CLT wall systems were evaluated in wind-only and sequential seismic-wind scenarios. The wind-excited peak story displacement and acceleration for both CLT structures were magnified in the sequential seismic-wind scenarios compared with wind-only scenarios. The simulation results indicated that the sequential seismic-wind scenarios caused large acceleration with damaged connections for the conventional CLT shear wall structure. The PT CLT wall structure had minor displacement and acceleration, which was linear to the wind loading factors. The study of mechanical properties of the CLT panels made with low-value sugar maple and salvaged spruce can promote the utilization of the low-value lumber and promote forest management. The developed panel model provided an approach to estimate the CLT mechanical properties based on the nondestructive lamination test result, which can be a tool for future layup design. The developed decomposed equivalent wall models can capture the wall behavior effectively and efficiently, which potentially be an aid for the performance assessment of CLT structures. The results demonstrated the necessity of considering sequential hazard cases for conventional CLT wall structures, which is a reference for future development of performance-based design for conventional CLT wall structures.

Download or read book Effects of Geometric Damping and Boundary Parameters on the Dynamic Response of Cross Laminated Timber Rocking Wall Systems written by Gustavo Alejandro Acuna Alegria and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The continuous search for new construction techniques and materials has led to an increased interest in Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) in the United States. Particularly, Post Tensioned (PT) CLT rocking wall structures paired with yielding dissipator devices have been trending in recent years; they represent a potential alternative as primarily lateral resistance system in high seismic regions because of both structural and environmental benefits.Past investigations have shown that PT CLT rocking walls can withstand major earthquake events, presenting a satisfactory displacement response and concentrating the damage only in the energy dissipator devices and at the base of the walls, maintaining most of the CLT panel in its elastic range. However, research has indicated that the dynamic response of mid-rise rocking systems and CLT wall structures is influenced by higher modes, which amplifies the acceleration response and increases the seismic forces into de structure, risking the integrity of the lateral system.This investigation focused on studying the influence of geometric, damping, and boundary parameters on the dynamic response of low- and mid-rise PT CLT rocking wall systems. It was analyzed the influence of additional rocking joints, position of the PT rods, wall aspect ratio, and type and location of the dissipator devices. In total, 36 structures were subjected to nonlinear time-history analyses, using 44 far-field acceleration traces. There were assessed acceleration, displacement, inter-story drift ratio, shear, and moment profiles; average volume of damaged CLT; and the Fourier amplitude spectrum of the roof acceleration response.The analysis results showed that the presence of multiple rocking joints, lower wall aspect ratios, and inclusion of viscous dampers improved the seismic performance and decreased the influence of higher modes in CLT wall structures: additional rocking interfaces had more impact in taller structures and with reduced initial PT force, the aspect ratio had more effect in shorter structures, and viscous dampers were more effective when uniformly distributed. In contrast, the repositioning of the PT rods only reduced the expected damage in the CLT walls, maintaining the global responses essentially unchanged, regardless of the wall height.

Download or read book Timber Engineering written by Sven Thelandersson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-03-14 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Timber construction is one of the most prevalent methods of constructing buildings in North America and an increasingly significant method of construction in Europe and the rest of the world. Timber Engineering deals not only with the structural aspects of timber construction, structural components, joints and systems based on solid timber and engineered wood products, but also material behaviour and properties on a wood element level. Produced by internationally renowned experts in the field, this book represents the state of the art in research on the understanding of the material behaviour of solid wood and engineered wood products. There is no comparable compendium currently available on the topic - the subjects represented include the most recent phenomena of timber engineering and the newest development of practice-related research. Grouped into three different sections, 'Basic properties of wood-based structural elements', 'Design aspects on timber structures' and 'Joints and structural assemblies', this book focuses on key issues in the understanding of: timber as a modern engineered construction material with controlled and documented properties the background for design of structural systems based on timber and engineered wood products the background for structural design of joints in structural timber systems Furthermore, this invaluable book contains advanced teaching material for all technical schools and universities involved in timber engineering. It also provides an essential resource for timber engineering students and researchers, as well as practicing structural and civil engineers.

Download or read book Materials and Joints in Timber Structures written by Simon Aicher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-25 with total page 815 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the contributions from the RILEM International Symposium on Materials and Joints in Timber Structures that was held in Stuttgart, Germany from October 8 to 10, 2013. It covers recent developments in the materials and the joints used in modern timber structures. Regarding basic wooden materials, the contributions highlight the widened spectrum of products comprising cross-laminated timber, glulam and LVL from hardwoods and block glued elements. Timber concrete compounds, cement bonded wood composites and innovative light-weight constructions represent increasingly employed alternatives for floors, bridges and facades. With regard to jointing technologies, considerable advances in both mechanical connections and glued joints are presented. Self-tapping screws have created unprecedented options for reliable, strong as well as ductile joints and reinforcement technologies. Regarding adhesives, which constitute the basis of the jointing/laminating technology of modern timber products, extended options for tailor-made bonding solutions have to be stated. Apart from melamine-urea and phenolic-resorcinol adhesives, one-component-polyurethanes, emulsion isocyanate polymers and epoxies offer a wide range of possibilities. The contributions dealing with experimental and numerical investigations on static, cyclic and seismic behavior of structures clearly reveal the enhanced potential of modern timber construction for reliable and sustainable buildings and bridges of the new millennium. The book is structured in nine thematic areas, being I) Structures II) Mechanical Connections III) Glued Joints and Adhesives IV) Timber and Concrete/Cement/Polymer Composites V) Cyclic, Seismic Behavior VI) Hardwood, Modified Wood and Bamboo VII) Cross-Laminated Timber VIII) Properties and Testing of Wood IX) Glulam

Download or read book Test Setup Design and Cyclic Evaluation of Rocking CLT Wall and Floor Restoring Force Lateral System written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The introduction of the demand for mass timber buildings in areas with seismic hazards has called for new lateral systems. Lateral systems in mass timber building typically utilize a rocking shear wall with post-tensioned rods to provide system re-centering. These post-tensioned rods add axial load to the shear wall and potentially endure long term creep affects. Mass Timber buildings consist of cross laminated (clt) shear walls and floor slabs along with glulam beams. The flexural capacity of the CLT floor slabs along with dead load can provide an alternative source for the restoring force. This project developed a test setup to accommodate a full scale cyclic testing of this restoring force. Cyclic testing included determining the influence of dead load on the system and the influence of ductile hold-downs. Hold-downs properties can be varied to alter shape of the hysteric curve and to allow re-centering. The hold-downs will serve as sacrificial fuses with the goal all yielding occurs to them while mass timber members remain elastic.

Download or read book Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure NHERI 2016 2020 Mitigating the Impact of Natural Hazards on Civil Infrastructure and Communities written by Julio Alfonso Ramirez and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-08-18 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Structural Design for Fire Safety written by Andrew H. Buchanan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-01-30 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structural Design for Fire Safety, 2nd edition Andrew H. Buchanan, University of Canterbury, New Zealand Anthony K. Abu, University of Canterbury, New Zealand A practical and informative guide to structural fire engineering This book presents a comprehensive overview of structural fire engineering. An update on the first edition, the book describes new developments in the past ten years, including advanced calculation methods and computer programs. Further additions include: calculation methods for membrane action in floor slabs exposed to fires; a chapter on composite steel-concrete construction; and case studies of structural collapses. The book begins with an introduction to fire safety in buildings, from fire growth and development to the devastating effects of severe fires on large building structures. Methods of calculating fire severity and fire resistance are then described in detail, together with both simple and advanced methods for assessing and designing for structural fire safety in buildings constructed from structural steel, reinforced concrete, or structural timber. Structural Design for Fire Safety, 2nd edition bridges the information gap between fire safety engineers, structural engineers and building officials, and it will be useful for many others including architects, code writers, building designers, and firefighters. Key features: • Updated references to current research, as well as new end-of-chapter questions and worked examples. •Authors experienced in teaching, researching, and applying structural fire engineering in real buildings. • A focus on basic principles rather than specific building code requirements, for an international audience. An essential guide for structural engineers who wish to improve their understanding of buildings exposed to severe fires and an ideal textbook for introductory or advanced courses in structural fire engineering.

Download or read book Dynamic Tests on Full Scale Structures of Glue Laminated Timber written by A. Ceccotti and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results obtained by applying free-vibration dynamic tests to a full-scale assembled timber structure are presented. The relationship between the theoretical model and the experimental results is analyzed in order to predict structural behavior and timber quality.

Download or read book NEHRP Recommended Provisions National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures Commentary written by United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Structures Congress 2013 written by Brian J. Leshko and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains 267 papers on subjects that are advancing structural engineering in the areas of bridges, buildings, and non-building structures.

Download or read book Recent Advances and Applications of Hybrid Simulation written by Wei Song and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-01-13 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Kinematic Behaviour of Cross Laminated Timber CLT Shearwalls with Openings written by Mohammed Mestar and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An integrated experimental and numerical research program investigating the elastic and inelastic performance as well as the kinematic behaviour of shearwalls with openings is presented in this study. The influence of the geometrical dimensions of the wall configurations and the mechanical properties and configurations of hold-downs on both elastic and inelastic behaviours including the possible kinematic modes of the shearwalls are investigated. The research also proposes the concept of equivalent-frame-model applicable for shearwalls where openings are cut-out from CLT panels. Are also presented, five racking tests performed on full scale CLT walls in order to validate the numerical models as well as the equivalent frame model. From review of the available literature emerges that for CLT shearwalls with openings, studies are not at the same level of abundance in research compared to walls without openings, due to the simple reason that SSW is generally a widespread technique. Thus, the kinematic behaviour and the coupling effect are inexistent and presented here. The investigations of the wall's behaviour in the elastic and inelastic ranges demonstrate the important effect of the lintel and wall segment slenderness as well as the hold-down stiffness effect on the mechanical behaviour and the global kinematic behaviour as well. It is found that the kinematic modes can change when the walls are stressed beyond their elasticity limit. The failure mode and the global ductility are highly dependent on the hold-down configurations particularly for walls with door openings. The degree of coupling decrease with increased hold-down stiffness and the wall segment width. With regards to the equivalent frame model, a reasonable fit is found between the proposed EFM and a detailed 2D area element model when the global elastic stiffness and tensile load in the hold-down were compared. The model is successfully validated through five full-scale tests on CLT shearwalls with door or window opening as well as two published studies on walls with door openings. The EFM is capable of predicting the behaviour in the wall with reasonable accuracy, especially for walls whose behaviour was dominated by the hold-down behaviour.

Download or read book Research and Applications in Structural Engineering Mechanics and Computation written by Alphose Zingoni and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-08-15 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research and Applications in Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation contains the Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation (SEMC 2013, Cape Town, South Africa, 2-4 September 2013). Over 420 papers are featured. Many topics are covered, but the contributions may be seen to fall

Download or read book Development of a Probability Based Load Criterion for American National Standard A58 written by Bruce R. Ellingwood and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book CLT Handbook written by Sylvain Gagnon and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: