Download or read book Kabba written by Rosmarie Moser and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic clause structures are illustrated and discussed in chapter seven, which includes declarative, interrogative, negative, imperative and exclamatory clauses. Copula clauses and verbless clauses are also discussed. Chapter eight deals with complex predicate structures, such as serialisation, consecutivisation and grammaticalisation. Chapter nine investigates and discusses complex clause structures, such as coordination, subordination, complementation and relativisation. Discourse features are analysed, exemplified and discussed in the last chapter. They include grounding, participant reference, marked focus, direct and indirect quotations and pragmatic particles. A conclusion at the end of each major section summarise the findings.

Download or read book Culture and Customs of the Central African Republic written by Jacqueline Cassandra Woodfork and published by Greenwood. This book was released on 2006-09-30 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the culture and customs of the people of the Central African Republic.

Download or read book Cassell s French Dictionary written by J H Douglas and published by Cassell's. This book was released on 1977-10 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This French dictionary provides the spelling, pronunciation, and translation of the most common French and English words.

Download or read book Power in Peacekeeping written by Lise Morjé Howard and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains how peacekeeping can work effectively by employing power through verbal persuasion, financial inducement, and coercion short of offensive force.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of African Languages written by Rainer Vossen and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020 with total page 1104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Une source inconnue indique : "This book provides a comprehensive overview of current research in African languages, drawing on insights from anthropological linguistics, typology, historical and comparative linguistics, and sociolinguistics. It covers a wide range of topics, from grammatical sketches of individual languages to sociocultural and extralinguistic issues."

Download or read book A History of African Linguistics written by H. Ekkehard Wolff and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-13 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first global history of African linguistics as an emerging autonomous academic discipline, covering Africa, the Americas, Asia, Australia, and Europe.

Download or read book State Building and Multilingual Education in Africa written by Ericka A. Albaugh and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-04-24 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do governments in Africa make decisions about language? What does language have to do with state-building, and what impact might it have on democracy? This manuscript provides a longue durée explanation for policies toward language in Africa, taking the reader through colonial, independence, and contemporary periods. It explains the growing trend toward the use of multiple languages in education as a result of new opportunities and incentives. The opportunities incorporate ideational relationships with former colonizers as well as the work of language NGOs on the ground. The incentives relate to the current requirements of democratic institutions, and the strategies leaders devise to win elections within these constraints. By contrasting the environment faced by African leaders with that faced by European state-builders, it explains the weakness of education and limited spread of standard languages on the continent. The work combines constructivist understanding about changing preferences with realist insights about the strategies leaders employ to maintain power.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations written by Joachim Koops and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-07-09 with total page 1031 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook on United Nations Peacekeeping Operations presents an innovative, authoritative, and accessible examination and critique of the United Nations peacekeeping operations. Since the late 1940s, but particularly since the end of the cold war, peacekeeping has been a central part of the core activities of the United Nations and a major process in global security governance and the management of international relations in general. The volume will present a chronological analysis, designed to provide a comprehensive perspective that highlights the evolution of UN peacekeeping and offers a detailed picture of how the decisions of UN bureaucrats and national governments on the set-up and design of particular UN missions were, and remain, influenced by the impact of preceding operations. The volume will bring together leading scholars and senior practitioners in order to provide overviews and analyses of all 65 peacekeeping operations that have been carried out by the United Nations since 1948. As with all Oxford Handbooks, the volume will be agenda-setting in importance, providing the authoritative point of reference for all those working throughout international relations and beyond.

Download or read book A Grammar of Sango written by William J. Samarin and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of African Linguistics written by H. Ekkehard Wolff and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an in-depth and comprehensive state-of-the-art study of 'African languages' and 'language in Africa' since its beginnings as a 'colonial science' at the turn of the twentieth century in Europe. Compiled by 56 internationally renowned scholars, this ground breaking study looks at past and current research on 'African languages' and 'language in Africa' under the impact of paradigmatic changes from 'colonial' to 'postcolonial' perspectives. It addresses current trends in the study of the role and functions of language, African and other, in pre- and postcolonial African societies. Highlighting the central role that the 'language factor' plays in postcolonial transformation processes of sociocultural modernization and economic development, it also addresses more recent, particularly urban, patterns of communication, and outlines applied dimensions of digitalization and human language technology.

Download or read book Repertoires and Choices in African Languages written by Friederike Lüpke and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-05-28 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most African languages are spoken by communities as one of several languages present on a daily basis. The persistence of multilingualism and the linguistic creativity manifest in the playful use of different languages are striking, especially against the backdrop of language death and expanding monolingualism elsewhere in the world. The effortless mastery of several languages is disturbing, however, for those who take essentialist perspectives that see it as a problem rather than a resource, and for the dominating, conflictual, sociolinguistic model of multilingualism. This volume investigates African minority languages in the context of changing patterns of multilingualism, and also assesses the status of African languages in terms of existing influential vitality scales. An important aspect of multilingual praxis is the speakers' agency in making choices, their repertoires of registers and the multiplicity of language ideology associated with different ways of speaking. The volume represents a new and original contribution to the ethnography of speaking of multilingual practices and the cultural ideas associated with them.

Download or read book Paths in the Rainforests written by Jan M. Vansina and published by University of Wisconsin Pres. This book was released on 1990-10-22 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vansina’s scope is breathtaking: he reconstructs the history of the forest lands that cover all or part of southern Cameroon, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, the Congo, Zaire, the Central African Republic, and Cabinda in Angola, discussing the original settlement of the forest by the western Bantu; the periods of expansion and innovation in agriculture; the development of metallurgy; the rise and fall of political forms and of power; the coming of Atlantic trade and colonialism; and the conquest of the rainforests by colonial powers and the destruction of a way of life. “In 400 elegantly brilliant pages Vansina lays out five millennia of history for nearly 200 distinguishable regions of the forest of equatorial Africa around a new, subtly paradoxical interpretation of ‘tradition.’” —Joseph Miller, University of Virginia “Vansina gives extended coverage . . . to the broad features of culture and the major lines of historical development across the region between 3000 B.C. and A.D. 1000. It is truly an outstanding effort, readable, subtle, and integrative in its interpretations, and comprehensive in scope. . . . It is a seminal study . . . but it is also a substantive history that will long retain its usefulness.”—Christopher Ehret, American Historical Review

Download or read book A History of Central Africa written by David Birmingham and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book How Societies Are Born written by Jan Vansina and published by University of Virginia Press. This book was released on 2012-10-05 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Like stars, societies are born, and this story deals with such a birth. It asks a fundamental and compelling question: How did societies first coalesce from the small foraging communities that had roamed in West Central Africa for many thousands of years? Jan Vansina continues a career-long effort to reconstruct the history of African societies before European contact in How Societies Are Born. In this complement to his previous study Paths in the Rainforests, Vansina employs a provocative combination of archaeology and historical linguistics to turn his scholarly focus to governance, studying the creation of relatively large societies extending beyond the foraging groups that characterized west central Africa from the beginning of human habitation to around 500 BCE, and the institutions that bridged their constituent local communities and made large-scale cooperation possible. The increasing reliance on cereal crops, iron tools, large herds of cattle, and overarching institutions such as corporate matrilineages and dispersed matriclans lead up to the developments treated in the second part of the book. From about 900 BCE until European contact, different societies chose different developmental paths. Interestingly, these proceeded well beyond environmental constraints and were characterized by "major differences in the subjects which enthralled people," whether these were cattle, initiations and social position, or "the splendors of sacralized leaders and the possibilities of participating in them."

Download or read book The Romance Languages written by Rebecca Posner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-09-05 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is a Romance language? How is one Romance language related to others? How did they all evolve? And what can they tell us about language in general? In this comprehensive survey Rebecca Posner, a distinguished Romance specialist, examines this group of languages from a wide variety of perspectives. Her analysis combines philological expertise with insights drawn from modern theoretical linguistics, both synchronic and diachronic. She relates linguistic features to historical and sociological factors, and teases out those elements which can be attributed to divergence from a common source and those which indicate convergence towards a common aim. Her discussion is extensively illustrated with new and original data, and an up-to-date and comprehensive bibliography is included. This volume will be an invaluable and authoritative guide for students and specialists alike.

Download or read book Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments written by and published by . This book was released on 1995-05 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The World Factbook 2003 written by United States. Central Intelligence Agency and published by Potomac Books. This book was released on 2003 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By intelligence officials for intelligent people