Download or read book Text Knowledge and Object Knowledge written by Annely Rothkegel and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2015-12-17 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rothkegel argues that text production is the result of interaction between text knowledge and object knowledge – the conventional ordering and presentation of knowledge for communicative purposes and the conceptual organisation of world knowledge.

Download or read book Language Text and Knowledge written by Lita Lundquist and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2010-12-14 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series serves to propagate investigations into language usage, especially with respect to computational support. This includes all forms of text handling activity, not only interlingual translations, but also conversions carried out in response to different communicative tasks. Among the major topics are problems of text transfer and the interplay between human and machine activities.

Download or read book The Loom of Language written by Frederick Bodmer and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 1985 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is an informative introduction to language: its origins in the past, its growth through history, and its present use for communication between peoples. It is at the same time a history of language, a guide to foreign tongues, and a method for learning them. It shows, through basic vocabularies, family resemblances of languages -- Teutonic, Romance, Greek -- helpful tricks of translation, key combinations of roots and phonetic patterns. It presents by common-sense methods the most helpful approach to the mastery of many languages; it condenses vocabulary to a minimum of essential words; it simplifies grammar in an entirely new way; and it teaches a language as it is actually used in everyday life.

Download or read book Question Answering over Text and Knowledge Base written by Saeedeh Momtazi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-04 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a coherent and complete overview of various Question Answering (QA) systems. It covers three main categories based on the source of the data that can be unstructured text (TextQA), structured knowledge graphs (KBQA), and the combination of both. Developing a QA system usually requires using a combination of various important techniques, including natural language processing, information retrieval and extraction, knowledge graph processing, and machine learning. After a general introduction and an overview of the book in Chapter 1, the history of QA systems and the architecture of different QA approaches are explained in Chapter 2. It starts with early close domain QA systems and reviews different generations of QA up to state-of-the-art hybrid models. Next, Chapter 3 is devoted to explaining the datasets and the metrics used for evaluating TextQA and KBQA. Chapter 4 introduces the neural and deep learning models used in QA systems. This chapter includes the required knowledge of deep learning and neural text representation models for comprehending the QA models over text and QA models over knowledge base explained in Chapters 5 and 6, respectively. In some of the KBQA models the textual data is also used as another source besides the knowledge base; these hybrid models are studied in Chapter 7. In Chapter 8, a detailed explanation of some well-known real applications of the QA systems is provided. Eventually, open issues and future work on QA are discussed in Chapter 9. This book delivers a comprehensive overview on QA over text, QA over knowledge base, and hybrid QA systems which can be used by researchers starting in this field. It will help its readers to follow the state-of-the-art research in the area by providing essential and basic knowledge.

Download or read book Ontology Learning and Population Bridging the Gap Between Text and Knowledge written by P. Buitelaar and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2008-01-31 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The promise of the Semantic Web is that future web pages will be annotated not only with bright colors and fancy fonts as they are now, but with annotation extracted from large domain ontologies that specify, to a computer in a way that it can exploit, what information is contained on the given web page. The presence of this information will allow software agents to examine pages and to make decisions about content as humans are able to do now. The classic method of building an ontology is to gather a committee of experts in the domain to be modeled by the ontology, and to have this committee agree on which concepts cover the domain, on which terms describe which concepts, on what relations exist between each concept and what the possible attributes of each concept are. All ontology learning systems begin with an ontology structure, which may just be an empty logical structure, and a collection of texts in the domain to be modeled. An ontology learning system can be seen as an interplay between three things: an existing ontology, a collection of texts, and lexical syntactic patterns. The Semantic Web will only be a reality if we can create structured, unambiguous ontologies that model domain knowledge that computers can handle. The creation of vast arrays of such ontologies, to be used to mark-up web pages for the Semantic Web, can only be accomplished by computer tools that can extract and build large parts of these ontologies automatically. This book provides the state-of-art of many automatic extraction and modeling techniques for ontology building. The maturation of these techniques will lead to the creation of the Semantic Web.

Download or read book Language in Use written by Andrea E. Tyler and published by Georgetown University Press. This book was released on 2005-03-23 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Language in Use creatively brings together, for the first time, perspectives from cognitive linguistics, language acquisition, discourse analysis, and linguistic anthropology. The physical distance between nations and continents, and the boundaries between different theories and subfields within linguistics have made it difficult to recognize the possibilities of how research from each of these fields can challenge, inform, and enrich the others. This book aims to make those boundaries more transparent and encourages more collaborative research. The unifying theme is studying how language is used in context and explores how language is shaped by the nature of human cognition and social-cultural activity. Language in Use examines language processing and first language learning and illuminates the insights that discourse and usage-based models provide in issues of second language learning. Using a diverse array of methodologies, it examines how speakers employ various discourse-level resources to structure interaction and create meaning. Finally, it addresses issues of language use and creation of social identity. Unique in approach and wide-ranging in application, the contributions in this volume place emphasis on the analysis of actual discourse and the insights that analyses of such data bring to language learning as well as how language shapes and reflects social identity—making it an invaluable addition to the library of anyone interested in cutting-edge linguistics.

Download or read book Language Translation and Management Knowledge written by Susanne Tietze and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-06-03 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides insights, description and analysis over the knowledge production process within business, organization, and management research. Importantly, it does so from a language and translation perspective. It critically engages with the role of English in this process and provides theoretical argument for the need to include multilingualism in research. Translation is investigated as a concept for future inquiry. The book is expressive and formative of language-based research that is gaining momentum in business, management, and organization research. It offers conceptual innovation through a thorough treatment of multilingualism and translation, having the potentiality to guide future empirical and theoretical research, and to dispel hidden hegemonic knowledge production practices. The readers will gain insights into the current status quo of language-based inquiry, discussions of multilingualism for research design and be informed about the philosophical underpinnings of language-based research. Specifically, the benefits include the review and summary of key publications in this field, discussion and analysis of hidden assumptions of knowledge production, a critical take on knowledge production, an outline and discussion of implications of multilingual research for research design and methods, discussion of philosophical underpinnings and a vision for future research. The book is an invaluable source for all research students whose projects contain elements of multilingual research, whether empirical or theoretical. Likewise, the growing body of researchers who take a language-sensitive approach to their research may find it as a source that ‘pulls together’ the current knowledge status quo while offering discussions of future trajectories. The book is extremely useful for the teaching of research methods in undergraduate, postgraduate and also Master’s or doctoral programmes as many students are not native English speakers and are directly confronted with the subject matter of the book.

Download or read book Translation of Thought to Written Text While Composing written by Michel Fayol and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2012-05-04 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Translation of cognitive representations into written language is one of the most important processes in writing. This volume provides a long-awaited updated overview of the field. The contributors discuss each of the commonly used research methods for studying translation; theorize about the nature of the cognitive and language representations and cognitive/linguistic transformation mechanisms involved in translation during writing; and make the case that translation is a higher-order executive function that is fundamental to the writing process. The book also reviews the application of research to practice -- that is, the translation of the research findings in education and the work-world for individuals who interact with others using written language to communicate ideas. This volume provides a rich resource for student, theorists, and empirical researchers in cognitive psychology, linguistics, and education; and teachers and clinicians who can use the research in their work.

Download or read book All About Words written by Susan B. Neuman and published by Teachers College Press. This book was released on 2015-04-25 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " ... A practical guide designed to help early childhood teachers take advantage of the unique opportunity provided by the common core state standards. It offers strategies for planning and presenting vocabulary instruction and for monitoring children's word learning progress, along with helpful appendices that provide specific guidance on which words to teach"--Cover, page [4].

Download or read book Lexical Semantics and Knowledge Representation in Multilingual Text Generation written by Manfred Stede and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In knowledge-based natural language generation, issues of formal knowledge representation meet with the linguistic problems of choosing the most appropriate verbalization in a particular situation of utterance. Lexical Semantics and Knowledge Representation in Multilingual Text Generation presents a new approach to systematically linking the realms of lexical semantics and knowledge represented in a description logic. For language generation from such abstract representations, lexicalization is taken as the central step: when choosing words that cover the various parts of the content representation, the principal decisions on conveying the intended meaning are made. A preference mechanism is used to construct the utterance that is best tailored to parameters representing the context. Lexical Semantics and Knowledge Representation in Multilingual Text Generation develops the means for systematically deriving a set of paraphrases from the same underlying representation with the emphasis on events and verb meaning. Furthermore, the same mapping mechanism is used to achieve multilingual generation: English and German output are produced in parallel, on the basis of an adequate division between language-neutral and language-specific (lexical and grammatical) knowledge. Lexical Semantics and Knowledge Representation in Multilingual Text Generation provides detailed insights into designing the representations and organizing the generation process. Readers with a background in artificial intelligence, cognitive science, knowledge representation, linguistics, or natural language processing will find a model of language production that can be adapted to a variety of purposes.

Download or read book Working with Text and Around Text in Foreign Language Environments written by Halina Chodkiewicz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-28 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the three pivotal points of text for foreign language acquisition: reception, construction and deconstruction. In Part One, the focus is on various aspects of text reception, such as developing literacy, text interest, and perceptions of the academic register or the assessment of spoken language in educational contexts. Part Two deals with various aspects of composing text, such as author identity, lexical constructs or collaborative web-based writing. Lastly, Part Three presents the various segmental items that constitute text, like lexical clustering, L1/L2 relationship, classroom talk as text, etc. The division corresponds with what can be viewed as a logical sequence of text-related processes reflected in formal learning and teaching environments.

Download or read book Legal Knowledge Representation Automatic Text Analysis in Public International and European Law written by Erich Schweighofer and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 1999-10-19 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a presentation of all methods of legal knowledge representation from the point of view of jurisprudence as well as computer science. A new method of automatic analysis of legal texts is presented in four case studies. Law is seen as an information system with legally formalised information processes. The achieved coverage of legal knowledge in information retrieval systems has to be followed by the next step: conceptual indexing and automatic analysis of texts. Existing approaches of automatic knowledge representations do not have a proper link to the legal language in information systems. The concept-based model for semi-automatic analysis of legal texts provides this necessary connection. The knowledge base of descriptors, context-sensitive rules and meta-rules formalises properly all important passages in the text corpora for automatic analysis. Statistics and self-organising maps give assistance in knowledge acquisition. The result of the analysis is organised with automatically generated hypertext links. Four case studies show the huge potential but also some drawbacks of this approach.

Download or read book Linked Lexical Knowledge Bases written by Iryna Gurevych and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book conveys the fundamentals of Linked Lexical Knowledge Bases (LLKB) and sheds light on their different aspects from various perspectives, focusing on their construction and use in natural language processing (NLP). It characterizes a wide range of both expert-based and collaboratively constructed lexical knowledge bases. Only basic familiarity with NLP is required and this book has been written for both students and researchers in NLP and related fields who are interested in knowledge-based approaches to language analysis and their applications. Lexical Knowledge Bases (LKBs) are indispensable in many areas of natural language processing, as they encode human knowledge of language in machine readable form, and as such, they are required as a reference when machines attempt to interpret natural language in accordance with human perception. In recent years, numerous research efforts have led to the insight that to make the best use of available knowledge, the orchestrated exploitation of different LKBs is necessary. This allows us to not only extend the range of covered words and senses, but also gives us the opportunity to obtain a richer knowledge representation when a particular meaning of a word is covered in more than one resource. Examples where such an orchestrated usage of LKBs proved beneficial include word sense disambiguation, semantic role labeling, semantic parsing, and text classification. This book presents different kinds of automatic, manual, and collaborative linkings between LKBs. A special chapter is devoted to the linking algorithms employing text-based, graph-based, and joint modeling methods. Following this, it presents a set of higher-level NLP tasks and algorithms, effectively utilizing the knowledge in LLKBs. Among them, you will find advanced methods, e.g., distant supervision, or continuous vector space models of knowledge bases (KB), that have become widely used at the time of this book's writing. Finally, multilingual applications of LLKB's, such as cross-lingual semantic relatedness and computer-aided translation are discussed, as well as tools and interfaces for exploring LLKBs, followed by conclusions and future research directions.

Download or read book Knowledge Transfer between Computer Vision and Text Mining written by Radu Tudor Ionescu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-25 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ground-breaking text/reference diverges from the traditional view that computer vision (for image analysis) and string processing (for text mining) are separate and unrelated fields of study, propounding that images and text can be treated in a similar manner for the purposes of information retrieval, extraction and classification. Highlighting the benefits of knowledge transfer between the two disciplines, the text presents a range of novel similarity-based learning (SBL) techniques founded on this approach. Topics and features: describes a variety of SBL approaches, including nearest neighbor models, local learning, kernel methods, and clustering algorithms; presents a nearest neighbor model based on a novel dissimilarity for images; discusses a novel kernel for (visual) word histograms, as well as several kernels based on a pyramid representation; introduces an approach based on string kernels for native language identification; contains links for downloading relevant open source code.

Download or read book Text Mining and its Applications to Intelligence CRM and Knowledge Management written by A. Zanasi and published by WIT Press. This book was released on 2007-09-30 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organizations generate and collect large volumes of textual data. Unfortunately, many companies are unable to capitalize fully on the value of this data because information implicit within it is not easy to discern. Primarily intended for business analysts and statisticians across multiple industries, this book provides an introduction to the types of problems encountered and current available text mining solutions.

Download or read book Language Knowledge for Primary Teachers written by Angela Wilson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2011-02-04 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Teaching children to develop as language users is one of the most important tasks of a primary school teacher. However, many trainee teachers begin their careers with a low knowledge base. Language Knowledge for Primary Teachers is the reader friendly guide designed to address this. This book provides a clear explanation of the knowledge and understanding required by teachers to implement the objectives of the National Curriculum for English. It reveals how an explicit knowledge of language can enrich their own and their children’s spoken English. It will give teachers confidence in developing children’s enjoyment and comprehension of reading and writing so children can use their language skills in the real world. Updated to include references to the new curriculum, this book explores: The importance of subject knowledge in supporting children in language and literacy; Language knowledge within the context of authentic and meaningful texts, from fiction to ‘Facebook’; The links between subject knowledge and real teaching situations; New areas on talk and dialogic learning; Increased emphasis on ICT and cross-curricular study. This book will appeal to all trainee and newly qualified teachers needing to achieve both the demands of subject knowledge for Qualified Teacher Status, and a firm understanding of the expectations of the National Curriculum for English.

Download or read book Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery written by Lipo Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-19 with total page 1362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery, FSKD 2006, held in federation with the Second International Conference on Natural Computation ICNC 2006. The book presents 115 revised full papers and 50 revised short papers. Coverage includes neural computation, quantum computation, evolutionary computation, DNA computation, fuzzy computation, granular computation, artificial life, innovative applications to knowledge discovery, finance, operations research, and more.