Download or read book Landscape Architecture for Sea Level Rise written by Galen D. Newman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-05-17 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book assesses and illustrates innovative and practical world-wide measures for combating sea level rise from the profession of landscape architecture. The work explores how the appropriate mixture of integrated, multi-scalar flood protection mechanisms can reduce risks associated with flood events including sea level rise. Because sea level rise is a global issue, illustrative case studies performed from the United States, Korea, Australia, New Zealand, Thailand, Japan, China, and the Netherlands identify the structural (engineered), non-structural (nature-based), and hybrid mechanisms (mixed) used to combat sea level rise and increase flood resilience. The alternative flood risk reduction mechanisms are extracted and analyzed from each case study to develop and explain a set of design-based typologies to combat sea level rise which can then be applied to help proctor new and existing communities. It is important for those located within the current or future floodplain considering sea level rise and those responsible for land use, developmental, and population-related activities within these areas to strategically implement a series of integrated constructed and green infrastructure-based flood risk reduction mechanisms to adequately protect threatened areas. As a result, this book is beneficial to both academics and practitioners related to multiple design professions such as urban designers, urban planners, architects, real estate developers, and landscape architects.

Download or read book Design for Flooding written by Donald Watson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-11-23 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Design for Flooding contains considerable useful information for practitioners and students. Watson and Adams fill the void for new thinking…and they advance our ability to create more sustainable, regenerative, and resilient places.” —Landscape Architecture Magazine

Download or read book Adapting Cities to Sea Level Rise written by Stefan Al and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Stefan Al provides an accessible overview of typical strategies for designing an urban shoreline to respond to flooding, with a strong emphasis on past and present Dutch approaches. Numerous illustrations make it useful for non-designers, as well as students of design. I recommend the book to planners and designers who are looking for an introduction to strategies for coastal design." Kristina Hill, Associate Professor, University of California, Berkeley "Adapting Cities to Sea Level Rise is a frank typological exploration that synthesizes civil engineering, landscape, and urban design considerations into an accessible reference that highlights the adaptive and maladaptive tendencies of design. Rich with case studies, the book provides critical insights into the nuances shaping the life cycle of design interventions." Jesse M. Keenan, Faculty of Architecture, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design "With his book, Stefan Al presents an inspiring and extensive toolbox of strategies that cities can embrace to adapt to sea level rise. Al looks across the world optimistically: yes we can do it! And we must, since there is no time to waste. Adaptation is different in every place, and this book shows us how to maximize opportunities if only we work together in a truly inclusive and comprehensive way." Henk Ovink, Special Envoy for International Water Affairs, Kingdom of The Netherlands, Sherpa to the UN and World Bank High Level Panel on Water, and Principal for Rebuild by Design.

Download or read book A Blueprint for Coastal Adaptation written by Carolyn Kousky and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2021-05-20 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tens of millions of Americans are at risk from sea level rise, increased tidal flooding, and intensifying storms. A Blueprint for Coastal Adaptation identifies a bold new research and policy agenda and provides implementable options for coastal communities responding to these threats. In this book, coastal adaptation experts present a range of climate adaptation policies that could protect coastal communities against increasing risk, including concrete financing recommendations. Coastal adaptation will not be easy, but it is achievable using varied approaches. A Blueprint for Coastal Adaptation will inspire innovative and cross-disciplinary thinking about coastal policy at the state and local level while providing actionable, realistic policy and planning options for adaptation professionals and policymakers.

Download or read book Structures of Coastal Resilience written by Catherine Seavitt Nordenson and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2018-06-21 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Front Cover -- Title Page -- Half Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword by Michael Kimmelman, architecture critic, The New York Times -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1. Designing for Coastal Resiliency -- Chapter 2. Visualizing the Coast -- Chapter 3. Reimagining the Floodplain -- Chapter 4. Mapping Coastal Futures -- Chapter 5. Centennial Projections -- Afterword by Jeffrey P. Hebert, vice-president for adaptation and resilience, The Water Institute of the Gulf -- Endnotes -- Glossary -- Index

Download or read book Rising Currents Projects for New York 39 s Waterfront written by and published by The Museum of Modern Art. This book was released on with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Scientific Approach Principle for New Resilient Coastal Landscape Design written by Anahita Kianous and published by Dissertation.com. This book was released on 2017-06-25 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to recent climate change, the character of environmental regional planning has shifted to address the anticipated extreme increases in sea level rise. As such, this project, based on existing scientific research/data, proposes a spatial, habitable landscape architectural solution as a model for flood mitigation for the East coastal edge. This proposal tests the potential for resilient coastal landscapes through a particular site located on Revere Beach, along with the New England coast in Massachusetts. The study demonstrates how through new public spaces designed to renew and protect the beach and the broader offshores, residents and visitors will be able to engage with this 21st Century, resilient beachfront. Also, residents and visitors will experience sophisticated efficient flood alleviation strategies during natural successive storm events. The inherent goal of this proposal is to create an innovative design intervention, which applies new principles of resiliency to the coastal landscape through a technical and cultural solution, and which can be a replicable model for global coastal edges elsewhere. Revitalizing Revere Beach, Ma is a case study to mitigate floods based on Bernoulli 's principle. This proposal projects an idea of connecting puddles with fissures a set of "Flute Channels", which is my innovation design approach to transfer water from coast to wetland behind it. It helps to lower down the sea level in high tides and sudden tides. Retrofitting Revere Beach as a case study for flood Mitigate with a New Resilient Coastal Landscape approach started to study the watershed of the East Coast that includes three parts of North, Mid-Atlantic, and South Atlantic. Each has a flow that moves up and then inward to the east, in a concave pattern precipitated scale toward the north caused by the velocity of currents. In compare to the Pacific coast, this figuration came to appears as the convex pattern as the currents also are affected differently based on the climate and the land used materials. The project focused on how to manipulate waves and the currents to preserve the land figuration and creates the natural coastal landscape. Geo Technical research and scientific data is the fundamental study that I got the benefit of understanding the exact waves motion, density, velocity of water and how the different type of currents affect the land shape. My project is translating the science into landscape architecture. Earth and ocean are not sustainable- they’re dynamic, they’re shifting, they’re changing the landscape and coast components; land-used material as such salty sand beaches and ripple effects of waves affect the land in different ways. My hypothesis idea of retrofitting coastal landscape backs to its natural creation, which will be a combination of four components of barrier islands, bay or lagoon, thumb-lands or forelands and wetlands. These four figurations are shaped based on different wave motions and currents. I discovered two scales of the solution. Short and long term phasing. For the long term, I suggested floating island, which I examined it by the different objects adding to the coral reef at the Revere Beach. Objective, found a missing part of coastal components, the floating islands. And, Flute Channel was innovative design approached by science data of Bernoulli’s principle. In this term, water transferred from coast to the wetlands behind it. The connected containers science data was a combination solution to this creation. Due to recent climate change, the character of environmental regional planning has shifted to address the anticipated extreme increases in sea level rise. As such, this project, based on existing scientific research/data, proposes a spatial, habitable landscape architectural solution as a model for flood mitigation for the East coastal edge. This proposal tests the potential for resilient coastal landscapes through a particular site located on Revere Beach, along with the New England coast in Massachusetts. The study demonstrates how through new public spaces designed to renew and protect the beach and the broader offshores, residents and visitors will be able to engage with this 21st Century, resilient beachfront. Also, residents and visitors will experience sophisticated efficient flood alleviation strategies during natural successive storm events. The inherent goal of this proposal is to create an innovative design intervention, which applies new principles of resiliency to the coastal landscape through a technical and cultural solution, and which can be a replicable model for global coastal edges elsewhere. Revitalizing Revere Beach, Ma is a case study to mitigate floods based on Bernoulli 's principle. This proposal projects an idea of connecting puddles with fissures a set of "Flute Channels", which is my innovation design approach to transfer water from coast to wetland behind it. It helps to lower down the sea level in high tides and sudden tides. Retrofitting Revere Beach as a case study for flood Mitigate with a New Resilient Coastal Landscape approach started to study the watershed of the East Coast that includes three parts of North, Mid-Atlantic, and South Atlantic. Each has a flow that moves up and then inward to the east, in a concave pattern precipitated scale toward the north caused by the velocity of currents. In compare to the Pacific coast, this figuration came to appears as the convex pattern as the currents also are affected differently based on the climate and the land used materials. The project focused on how to manipulate waves and the currents to preserve the land figuration and creates the natural coastal landscape. Geo Technical research and scientific data is the fundamental study that I got the benefit of understanding the exact waves motion, density, velocity of water and how the different type of currents affect the land shape. My project is translating the science into landscape architecture. Earth and ocean are not sustainable- they’re dynamic, they’re shifting, they’re changing the landscape and coast components; land-used material as such salty sand beaches and ripple effects of waves affect the land in different ways. My hypothesis idea of retrofitting coastal landscape backs to its natural creation, which will be a combination of four components of barrier islands, bay or lagoon, thumb-lands or forelands and wetlands. These four figurations are shaped based on different wave motions and currents. I discovered two scales of the solution. Short and long term phasing. For the long term, I suggested floating island, which I examined it by the different objects adding to the coral reef at the Revere Beach. Objective, found a missing part of coastal components, the floating islands. And, Flute Channel was innovative design approached by science data of Bernoulli’s principle. In this term, water transferred from coast to the wetlands behind it. The connected containers science data was a combination solution to this creation. Due to recent climate change, the character of environmental regional planning has shifted to address the anticipated extreme increases in sea level rise. As such, this project, based on existing scientific research/data, proposes a spatial, habitable landscape architectural solution as a model for flood mitigation for the East coastal edge. This proposal tests the potential for resilient coastal landscapes through a particular site located on Revere Beach, along with the New England coast in Massachusetts. The study demonstrates how through new public spaces designed to renew and protect the beach and the broader offshores, residents and visitors will be able to engage with this 21st Century, resilient beachfront. Also, residents and visitors will experience sophisticated efficient flood alleviation strategies during natural successive storm events. The inherent goal of this proposal is to create an innovative design intervention, which applies new principles of resiliency to the coastal landscape through a technical and cultural solution, and which can be a replicable model for global coastal edges elsewhere. Revitalizing Revere Beach, Ma is a case study to mitigate floods based on Bernoulli 's principle. This proposal projects an idea of connecting puddles with fissures a set of "Flute Channels", which is my innovation design approach to transfer water from coast to wetland behind it. It helps to lower down the sea level in high tides and sudden tides. Retrofitting Revere Beach as a case study for flood Mitigate with a New Resilient Coastal Landscape approach started to study the watershed of the East Coast that includes three parts of North, Mid-Atlantic, and South Atlantic. Each has a flow that moves up and then inward to the east, in a concave pattern precipitated scale toward the north caused by the velocity of currents. In compare to the Pacific coast, this figuration came to appears as the convex pattern as the currents also are affected differently based on the climate and the land used materials. The project focused on how to manipulate waves and the currents to preserve the land figuration and creates the natural coastal landscape. Geo Technical research and scientific data is the fundamental study that I got the benefit of understanding the exact waves motion, density, velocity of water and how the different type of currents affect the land shape. My project is translating the science into landscape architecture. Earth and ocean are not sustainable- they’re dynamic, they’re shifting, they’re changing the landscape and coast components; land-used material as such salty sand beaches and ripple effects of waves affect the land in different ways. My hypothesis idea of retrofitting coastal landscape backs to its natural creation, which will be a combination of four components of barrier islands, bay or lagoon, thumb-lands or forelands and wetlands. These four figurations are shaped based on different wave motions and currents. I discovered two scales of the solution. Short and long term phasing. For the long term, I suggested floating island, which I examined it by the different objects adding to the coral reef at the Revere Beach. Objective, found a missing part of coastal components, the floating islands. And, Flute Channel was innovative design approached by science data of Bernoulli’s principle. In this term, water transferred from coast to the wetlands behind it. The connected containers science data was a combination solution to this creation.Due to recent climate change, the character of environmental regional planning has shifted to address the anticipated extreme increases in sea level rise. As such, this project, based on existing scientific research/data, proposes a spatial, habitable landscape architectural solution as a model for flood mitigation for the East coastal edge. This proposal tests the potential for resilient coastal landscapes through a particular site located on Revere Beach, along with the New England coast in Massachusetts. The study demonstrates how through new public spaces designed to renew and protect the beach and the broader offshores, residents and visitors will be able to engage with this 21st Century, resilient beachfront. Also, residents and visitors will experience sophisticated efficient flood alleviation strategies during natural successive storm events. The inherent goal of this proposal is to create an innovative design intervention, which applies new principles of resiliency to the coastal landscape through a technical and cultural solution, and which can be a replicable model for global coastal edges elsewhere. Revitalizing Revere Beach, Ma is a case study to mitigate floods based on Bernoulli 's principle. This proposal projects an idea of connecting puddles with fissures a set of "Flute Channels", which is my innovation design approach to transfer water from coast to wetland behind it. It helps to lower down the sea level in high tides and sudden tides. Retrofitting Revere Beach as a case study for flood Mitigate with a New Resilient Coastal Landscape approach started to study the watershed of the East Coast that includes three parts of North, Mid-Atlantic, and South Atlantic. Each has a flow that moves up and then inward to the east, in a concave pattern precipitated scale toward the north caused by the velocity of currents. In compare to the Pacific coast, this figuration came to appears as the convex pattern as the currents also are affected differently based on the climate and the land used materials. The project focused on how to manipulate waves and the currents to preserve the land figuration and creates the natural coastal landscape. Geo Technical research and scientific data is the fundamental study that I got the benefit of understanding the exact waves motion, density, velocity of water and how the different type of currents affect the land shape. My project is translating the science into landscape architecture. Earth and ocean are not sustainable- they’re dynamic, they’re shifting, they’re changing the landscape and coast components; land-used material as such salty sand beaches and ripple effects of waves affect the land in different ways. My hypothesis idea of retrofitting coastal landscape backs to its natural creation, which will be a combination of four components of barrier islands, bay or lagoon, thumb-lands or forelands and wetlands. These four figurations are shaped based on different wave motions and currents. I discovered two scales of the solution. Short and long term phasing. For the long term, I suggested floating island, which I examined it by the different objects adding to the coral reef at the Revere Beach. Objective, found a missing part of coastal components, the floating islands. And, Flute Channel was innovative design approached by science data of Bernoulli’s principle. In this term, water transferred from coast to the wetlands behind it. The connected containers science data was a combination solution to this creation.

Download or read book Resilient City written by Elke Mertens and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2021-11-22 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is one of the major challenges facing cities in the future. Landscape architecture is particularly in demand here because it offers solutions that are characterized by complexity and interdisciplinarity and contribute to the quality of everyday life. These range from green roofs and facades to urban gardening and the landscaping of large-scale protection works. This volume presents measures and plans of eleven major cities in North and South America, from Vancouver to Rio de Janeiro, to protect their inhabitants and their habitats against future storms, floods, landslides or long periods of heat and drought. Outstanding projects in the featured cities are analyzed in their geographic and climatic context. The author also addresses the social and cultural dimensions of resilience.

Download or read book The Impact of Sea Level Rise on Developing Countries written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sea level rise (SLR) due to climate change is a serious global threat: The scientific evidence is now overwhelming. continued growth of greenhouse gas emissions and associated global warming could well promote SLR of 1m-3m in this century, and unexpectedly rapid breakup of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets might produce a 5m SLR. In this paper, we have assessed the consequences of continued SLR for 84 developing countries. Geographic Information System (GIS) software has been used to overlay the best available, spatially-disaggregated global data on critical impact elements (land, population, agriculture, urban extent, wetlands, and GDP) with the inundation zones projected for 1-5m SLR. Our results reveal that hundreds of millions of people in the developing world are likely to be displaced by SLR within this century; and accompanying economic and ecological damage will be severe for many. At the country level, results are extremely skewed, with severe impacts limited to relatively small number of countries. For these countries (e.g., Vietnam, A.R. of Egypt, and The Bahamas), however, the consequences of SLR are potentially catastrophic. For many others, including some of the largest (e.g., China), the absolute magnitudes of potential impacts are very large. At the other extreme, many developing countries experience limited impacts. Among regions, East Asia and Middle East/North Africa exhibit the greatest relative impacts. To date, there is little evidence that the international community has seriously considered the implications of SLR for population location and infrastructure planning in developing countries. We hope that the information provided in this paper will encourage immediate planning for adaptation.

Download or read book Sea Level Rise for the Coasts of California Oregon and Washington written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tide gauges show that global sea level has risen about 7 inches during the 20th century, and recent satellite data show that the rate of sea-level rise is accelerating. As Earth warms, sea levels are rising mainly because ocean water expands as it warms; and water from melting glaciers and ice sheets is flowing into the ocean. Sea-level rise poses enormous risks to the valuable infrastructure, development, and wetlands that line much of the 1,600 mile shoreline of California, Oregon, and Washington. As those states seek to incorporate projections of sea-level rise into coastal planning, they asked the National Research Council to make independent projections of sea-level rise along their coasts for the years 2030, 2050, and 2100, taking into account regional factors that affect sea level. Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington: Past, Present, and Future explains that sea level along the U.S. west coast is affected by a number of factors. These include: climate patterns such as the El Niño, effects from the melting of modern and ancient ice sheets, and geologic processes, such as plate tectonics. Regional projections for California, Oregon, and Washington show a sharp distinction at Cape Mendocino in northern California. South of that point, sea-level rise is expected to be very close to global projections. However, projections are lower north of Cape Mendocino because the land is being pushed upward as the ocean plate moves under the continental plate along the Cascadia Subduction Zone. However, an earthquake magnitude 8 or larger, which occurs in the region every few hundred to 1,000 years, would cause the land to drop and sea level to suddenly rise.

Download or read book Microclimatic Landscape Design written by Robert D. Brown and published by New York ; Toronto : J. Wiley. This book was released on 1995-08-30 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Creating Thermal Comfort and Energy Efficiency Microclimatic Landscape Design shows designers how to work withnature to create climatically pleasant spaces for human activities.With remarkable clarity, it covers both the scientific backgroundand the design techniques needed for shaping spaces that increasecomfort and reduce energy consumption. This comprehensive,environmentally-sensitive guide: Presents the basic principles of microclimatology and explainshow objects in the landscape affect climate to createmicroclimates Describes methods for modifying the key variables in amicroclimate, including radiation, wind, temperature, humidity, andprecipitation Shows how to create successful, comfortable spaces under a widevariety of climatic conditions Explains energy budgets and the effects of landscape on energyuse in buildings Includes useful formulas for determining human thermal comfort,estimating solar radiation absorbed by a person, and estimatingwind in a given landscape For landscape architects, architects, contractors, and planners,Microclimatic Landscape Design is a concise, practical, andindispensable guide to improving the comfort of outdoor spaces andreducing the heating or cooling loads on buildings.

Download or read book Black Landscapes Matter written by Walter Hood and published by University of Virginia Press. This book was released on 2020-12-09 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The question "Do black landscapes matter?" cuts deep to the core of American history. From the plantations of slavery to contemporary segregated cities, from freedman villages to northern migrations for freedom, the nation’s landscape bears the detritus of diverse origins. Black landscapes matter because they tell the truth. In this vital new collection, acclaimed landscape designer and public artist Walter Hood assembles a group of notable landscape architecture and planning professionals and scholars to probe how race, memory, and meaning intersect in the American landscape. Essayists examine a variety of U.S. places—ranging from New Orleans and Charlotte to Milwaukee and Detroit—exposing racism endemic in the built environment and acknowledging the widespread erasure of black geographies and cultural landscapes. Through a combination of case studies, critiques, and calls to action, contributors reveal the deficient, normative portrayals of landscape that affect communities of color and question how public design and preservation efforts can support people in these places. In a culture in which historical omissions and specious narratives routinely provoke disinvestment in minority communities, creative solutions by designers, planners, artists, and residents are necessary to activate them in novel ways. Black people have built and shaped the American landscape in ways that can never be fully known. Black Landscapes Matter is a timely and necessary reminder that without recognizing and reconciling these histories and spaces, America’s past and future cannot be understood.

Download or read book The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-19 with total page 1807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Download or read book Design with Nature Now written by Frederick R. Steiner and published by . This book was released on 2019-10-15 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1969, Ian McHarg's seminal book, Design with Nature, set forth a new vision for regional planning using natural systems. To celebrate its 50th anniversary, a team of landscape architects and planners from PennDesign have showcased some of the most advanced ecological design projects in the world today. Written in clear language and featuring vivid color images, Design with Nature Now demonstrates McHarg's enduring influence on contemporary practitioners as they contend with climate change and other 21st-century challenges.

Download or read book Sustainable Coastal Design and Planning written by Elizabeth Mossop and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-27 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As different parts of the globe deal with the challenges of coastal settlements in the Anthropcene landscape of increasing uncertainty, the methods of design offer new strategies for developing and testing solutions. These complex problems require collaboration across disciplines, with scientists, planners, engineers, designers, and others able to work together in finding new ways of living in coastal and changing landscapes. Sustainable Coastal Design and Planning is an outstanding collection of essays by leading practitioners and academics from across the globe on design and planning for coastal resilience in the face of climate change. It thoroughly explores the questions of coastal change at different scales and provides international case studies that illustrate diverse strategies in different geographies and cultures. Taken as a whole, they canvas a broad palette of approaches and techniques for engaging these complex problems. Divided in two parts, this book focuses on how to develop solutions through multidisciplinary design thinking and informs all stakeholders on specific methods and practices that will be needed to work effectively in this dynamic space.

Download or read book Urban Soil in Landscape Design written by Phillip J. Craul and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1992-11-11 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents essential information on the fundamental properties of soils and how they are affected under urban conditions. Coverage includes the physical, chemical and biological characterisitics of soil; how it can be classified, inventoried and mapped; urban soil properties; problems and solutions to many of the more common urban soils; methods of ameliorating compaction including other major drainage problems and much more. Contains over 150 illustrations.

Download or read book Design for Mountain Communities written by Sherry Dorward and published by Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. This book was released on 1990 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For landscape architects, architects, planners, developers, and contractors who build in the mountains. Thoughtful coverage of the natural features of these environments such as topography, terrain, climate, and ecosystems, with detailed analysis of their design implications. Illustrated with many bandw photographs (poorly reproduced), good, clear line drawings. Case studies are drawn from North and South America, Europe, and Asia. Includes useful appendices and a substantial number of references. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR