Download or read book Landing Dynamics Study for Lunar Landing Research Vehicle written by D. C. Irwin and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Unconventional Contrary and Ugly written by Gene J. Matranga and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Unconventional Contrary and Ugly written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-11 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When the United States began considering a piloted voyage to the moon, an enormous number of unknowns about strategies, techniques, and equipment existed. Some people began wondering how a landing maneuver might be performed on the lunar surface. From the beginning of the age of flight, landing has been among the most challenging of flight maneuvers. Touching down smoothly has been the aim of pilots throughout the first century of flight. Designers have sought the optimum aircraft configuration for landing. Engineers have sought the optimum sensors and instruments for best providing the pilot with the information needed to perform the maneuver efficiently and safely. Pilots also have sought the optimum trajectory and control techniques to complete the approach and touchdown reliably and repeatably. Landing a craft on the moon was, in a number of ways, quite different from landing on Earth. The lunar gravitational field is much weaker than Earth's. There were no runways, lights, radio beacons, or navigational aids of any kind. The moon had no atmosphere. Airplane wings or helicopter rotors would not support the craft. The type of controls used conventionally on Earth-based aircraft could not be used. The lack of an atmosphere also meant that conventional flying instrumentation reflecting airspeed and altitude, and rate of climb and descent, would be useless because it relied on static and dynamic air pressure to measure changes, something lacking on the moon's surface. Lift could be provided by a rocket engine, and small rocket engines could be arranged to control the attitude of the craft. But what trajectories should be selected? What type of steering, speed, and rate-of-descent controls should be provided? What kind of sensors could be used? What kind of instruments would provide helpful information to the pilot? Should the landing be performed horizontally on wheels or skids, or vertically? How accurately would the craft need to be positioned for landing? What visibility would the pilot need, and how could it be provided? Some flight-test engineers at NASA's Flight Research Center were convinced that the best way to gain insight regarding these unknowns would be the use of a free-flying test vehicle. Aircraft designers at the Bell Aircraft (Aerosystems) Company believed they could build a craft that would duplicate lunar flying conditions. The two groups collaborated to build the machine. It was unlike any flying ma-chine ever built before or since. The Lunar Landing Research Vehicle (LLRV) was unconventional, sometimes contrary, and always ugly. Many who have seen video clips of the LLRV in flight believe it was designed and built to permit astronauts to practice landing the Apollo Lunar Module (LM). Actually, the LLRV project was begun before NASA had selected the strategy that would use the Lunar Module! Fortunately, when the Lunar Module was designed somewhat later, its characteristics were sufficiently similar to the LLRV that the LLRV could be used for LM simulation. A later version of the LLRV, the Lunar Landing Training Vehicle (LLTV), provided an even more accurate simulation following considerable modification to better represent the final descent stage. Unconventional, Contrary, & Ugly: The Lunar Landing Research Vehicle tells the complete story of this remarkable machine, the Lunar Landing Research Vehicle, including its difficulties, its successes, and its substantial contribution to the Apollo program. The authors are engineers who were at the heart of the effort. They tell the tale that they alone know and can describe.
Download or read book Monte Carlo Approach to Touchdown Dynamics for Soft Lunar Landing written by Robert E. Lavender and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results of analytical touchdown dynamics investigations are presented which were conducted to obtain estimates of the probability of stable landing for configurations with various landing gear diameters. Both three-legged and four-legged vehicles are considered in the analysis. Dynamic scaling considerations are taken into account so that the results are applicable to a wide range of vehicle size and mass. A Monte Carlo approach is taken in the determination of initial landing conditions. Results indicate that for a given probability of stable landing, a three-legged vehicle requires a landing gear diameter only slightly larger than the diameter required for a four-legged vehicle. Therefore the three-legged vehicle's landing gear should weigh less.
Download or read book A Study of Abort from a Manned Lunar Landing and Return to Rendezvous in a 50 mile Orbit written by Jack A. White (NASA researcher.) and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An investigation has been made of some of the problems associated with abort from landing and return to an orbiting vehicle in a 50-mile lunar orbit. For this study the landing module was considered capable of direct return to the orbiting vehicle from a hovering position at the lunar surface. The investigation was divided into two parts, an analytical study and a simulation study. The results of the analytical study indicate that, for an economical return to the orbiting vehicle, the landing maneuver should be chosen such that the orbiting vehicle is almost directly above the landing module at the touchdown point. This requirement places limitations on the angular travel of the landing vehicle around the moon prior to touchdown. Results of the simulation study indicate that a pilot can control the abort maneuver by using visual information."--Summary.
Download or read book Dynamic Model Investigation of Touchdown Stability of Lunar landing Vehicles written by Robert W. Herr and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Lunar Landing Research Vehicle LLRV Papers and Pictures written by Aeronatics Administration and published by . This book was released on 2016-01-01 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of articles about the Lunar Landing Research Vehicle (LLRV) and the Lunar Landing Training Vehicle (LLTV). It includes a gallery of over 40 images, including many rare photos from my personal collection.
Download or read book Touchdown Dynamics Analysis of Spacecraft for Soft Lunar Landing written by Robert E. Lavender and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Apollo and America s Moon Landing Program written by World Spaceflight News and published by . This book was released on 2018-04-05 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This official NASA history document is the complete story of the important training vehicle for the Apollo moon landings, the Lunar Landing Research Vehicle (LLRV) and the later version, the Lunar Landing Training Vehicle (LLTV). In the foreword, Neil Armstrong writes: "Unconventional, Contrary, & Ugly: The Lunar Landing Research Vehicle tells the complete story of this remarkable machine, the Lunar Landing Research Vehicle, including its difficulties, its successes, and its substantial contribution to the Apollo program. The authors are engineers who were at the heart of the effort. They tell the tale that they alone know and can describe. Six crews landed their Lunar Modules on the moon. They landed on the dusty sands of the Sea of Tranquility and the Ocean of Storms. They landed in the lunar highlands at Fra Mauro and on the Cayley Plains. They landed near the Apennine and Taurus Mountains. Each landing, in widely different topography, was performed safely under the manual piloting of the flight commander. During no flight did pilots come close to sticking a landing pad in a crater or tipping the craft over. That success is due, in no small measure, to the experience and confidence gained in the defining research studies and in the pilot experience and training provided by the LLRV and LLTV. Someday men will return to the moon. When they do, they are quite likely to need the knowledge, the techniques, and the machine described in this volume." When the United States began considering a piloted voyage to the moon, an enormous number of unknowns about strategies, techniques, and equipment existed. Some people began wondering how a landing maneuver might be performed on the lunar surface. From the beginning of the age of flight, landing has been among the most challenging of flight maneuvers. Touching down smoothly has been the aim of pilots throughout the first century of flight. Designers have sought the optimum aircraft configuration for landing. Engineers have sought the optimum sensors and instruments for best providing the pilot with the information needed to perform the maneuver efficiently and safely. Pilots also have sought the optimum trajectory and control techniques to complete the approach and touchdown reliably and repeatably. Landing a craft on the moon was, in a number of ways, quite different from landing on Earth. The lunar gravitational field is much weaker than Earth's. There were no runways, lights, radio beacons, or navigational aids of any kind. The moon had no atmosphere. Airplane wings or helicopter rotors would not support the craft. The type of controls used conventionally on Earth-based aircraft could not be used. The lack of an atmosphere also meant that conventional flying instrumentation reflecting airspeed and altitude, and rate of climb and descent, would be useless because it relied on static and dynamic air pressure to measure changes, something lacking on the moon's surface. Lift could be provided by a rocket engine, and small rocket engines could be arranged to control the attitude of the craft. But what trajectories should be selected? What type of steering, speed, and rate-of-descent controls should be provided? What kind of sensors could be used? What kind of instruments would provide helpful information to the pilot? Should the landing be performed horizontally on wheels or skids, or vertically? How accurately would the craft need to be positioned for landing? What visibility would the pilot need, and how could it be provided? Some flight-test engineers at NASA's Flight Research Center were convinced that the best way to gain insight regarding these unknowns would be the use of a free-flying test vehicle. Aircraft designers at the Bell Aircraft (Aerosystems) Company believed they could build a craft that would duplicate lunar flying conditions.
Download or read book Design and Operational Characteristics of a Lunar landing Research Vehicle written by Donald R. Bellman and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handling Qualities and Trajectory Requirements for Terminal Lunar Landing as Determined from Analog Simulation written by and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dynamic Analysis of a Multi legged Lunar Landing Vehicle to Determine Structural Loads During Touchdown written by John Admire and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Technology of Lunar Soft Lander written by Deng-Yun Yu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-25 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides systematic descriptions of design methods, typical techniques, and validation methods for lunar soft landers, covering their environmental design, system design, sub-system design, assembly, testing and ground test validation based on the Chang’e-3 mission. Offering readers a comprehensive, systematic and in-depth introduction to the technologies used in China’s lunar soft landers, it presents detailed information on the design process for Chang’e-3, including methods and techniques that will be invaluable in future extraterrestrial soft lander design. As such, the book offers a unique reference guide for all researchers and professionals working on deep-space missions around the globe.
Download or read book Lunar Landing and Site Selection Study written by James L. Lewis and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Unconventional contrary and ugly written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Apollo America s Moon Landing Program written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by . This book was released on 2017-05-04 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary objective of this paper is to present an analysis and a historical review of the Apollo Lunar Module landing dynamics from the standpoint of touchdown dynamic stability, landing system energy absorption performance, and evaluation of the first-order terms of lunar soil mechanical properties at the Apollo 11 landing site. The first-order terms of lunar surface mechanical properties consisted primarily of the surface bearing strength and sliding friction coefficient. The landing dynamic sequence started at first footpad contact. The flight dynamics data used to assess the Apollo 11 landing system performance and the lunar soil mechanical properties included the body axis pitch, roll, and yaw rate time histories as measured by the on-board guidance computer during the Apollo 11 Lunar Module touchdown maneuver, and the landing gear stroke data derived from post-landing photographs. The conclusions drawn from these studies were that the landing gear system performance was more than adequate from a stability and energy absorption standpoint for all Apollo lunar landings, and the lunar soil parameters were well within the limits of the design assumptions for all Apollo landing sites. Chapter 1.0 - Introduction * Chapter 2.0 - Landing Dynamic Analysis * Chapter 3.0 - Drop Testing of Subscale and Full-scale Lunar Module Models * Chapter 4.0 - The Lunar Module * Chapter 5.0 - Critical Design Cases * Chapter 6.0 - Analysis of the Apollo 11 Lunar Module Landing Dynamics and Lunar Surface Mechanical Properties * Chapter 7.0 - The Apollo Lunar Module Landings * 7.1 Apollo 11 Lunar Landing * 7.1.1 Summary: Apollo 11 Lunar Module Landing * 7.2 Apollo 12 Lunar Landing * 7.2.1 Summary: Apollo 12 Lunar Module Landing * 7.3 Apollo 13 Lunar Landing (Aborted) * 7.4 Apollo 14 Lunar Landing * 7.4.1 Summary: Apollo 14 Lunar Module Landing * 7.5 Apollo 15 Lunar Landing * 7.5.1 Summary: Apollo 15 Lunar Module Landing * 7.6 Apollo 16 Lunar Landing * 7.6.1 Summary: Apollo 16 Lunar Module Landing * 7.7 Apollo 17 Lunar Landing * 7.7.1 Summary: Apollo 17 Lunar Module Landing * Chapter 8.0 - Author's Annotation - Apollo 16 and 17 Landings * Chapter 9.0 - Conclusions * Chapter 10.0 - References * Appendix A: Apollo 11 Lunar Module Touchdown Dynamics * Appendix B: Lunar Soil Mechanical Properties Model * Appendix C: Apollo 11 Lunar Module Mass Properties at Touchdown * Appendix D: Apollo 11 Lunar Module Landing Gear Load Stroke Characteristics * Appendix E: Apollo 11 Lunar Module Descent Engine Thrust Tail-off Characteristics
Download or read book After LM written by John F. Connolly and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
