Download or read book Landfill gas yield enhancement written by B. J. W. Manley and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Enhancing the Methane Yield of a Landfill Leachate Bioreactor written by Paul Vecchiarelli and published by . This book was released on 2016-12-02 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book From Landfill Gas to Energy written by Vasudevan Rajaram and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-12-15 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Converting old landfills to energy producing sites, while capturing emitted greenhouse gases, has faced numerous technical, financial and social challenges and developments lately. Also, the re-mining of landfills to recover useful land in dense urban areas and proper landfill closure has been a subject of discussion and investigation. Designed as an overview text for landfill management from cradle to grave, this volume’s content stretches from the fundamentals to the rather indepth details. By putting down their joint international experience, the authors have intended to both guide and inspire the user for his or her landfill project. Introducing the fundamental concepts of landfill gas management and its needs and importance in the present world energy scenario, this accessible reference volume presents key landfill gas management techniques at regional, national and global levels. In detail, it gives an account of the recent technologies available for landfill gas treatment and its utilization. It summarizes landfill gas prediction models developed in various parts of the world and details their adequacy in various field conditions. Covering both landfill remediation aspects and economic considerations while selecting a landfill gas to energy utilization project, the reader gets familiar with the practical aspects of converting a landfill site. Also, the challenges faced by municipalities and landfill operators in recovering landfill gas as an energy source are described, and solutions are suggested for solving them effectively. These include practical execution problems, governmental issues, and developing policies to encourage investment. The volume also includes various case studies of landfill gas-to-energy utilization projects from around the world, which can be reviewed and customized for the reader’s own application with the help of extensive reference section. Intended as an overview text for advanced students and researchers in the relevant engineering and technology fields (Environmental, Civil, Geotechnical, Chemical, Mechanical and Electrical), this book will also be particularly helpful to practitioners such as municipal managers, landfill operators, designers, solid waste management engineers, urban planners, professional consultants, scientists, non-governmental organizations and entrepreneurs.
Download or read book Demonstration of Landfill Gas enhancement Techniques in Landfill Simulators written by Argonne National Laboratory. Energy and Environmental Systems Division and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic and Technical Review of Generating Electricity from Landfill Gas written by DIANE Publishing Company and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1993-06 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the feasibility of generating electricity using the methane gas from landfills in Minnesota. The analysis includes an examination of the methane generation process, state & federal rules which affect the economics of producing electricity, a technical description of the energy conservation operation & the potential energy recovery from the landfills in Minnesota. The report also examines the theoretical electrical capacity estimates, the various factors affecting project economics & the future technological potential.
Download or read book Recovery Processing and Utilization of Gas from Sanitary Landfills written by Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Landfill Management Practices for Maximum Energy and Environmental Benefits written by Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology. Efficiency and Alternative Energy Technology Branch and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study presents guidelines for optimizing landfill gas production and minimizing the effects associated with its direct release to the environment. The feasibility of adapting these guidelines to a new or existing site is also examined. A three-phase investigation was conducted aimed at defining landfill practices leading to maximum energy and environmental benefit. Phase 1 involved the collection of material on ways to optimize landfill gas production and on the potential impacts of its uncontrolled release on the environment; Phase 2 involved researching or the development of methods to minimize the environmental effect and an assessment of the practicality of applying the methods of optimizing gas production while minimizing its harmful effects at active, closed, and future landfill sites; and Phase 3 summarized the benefits of controlling landfill gas and utilizing it.
Download or read book Solid Waste Landfilling written by Raffaello Cossu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-11-29 with total page 1190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid Waste Landfilling: Concepts, Processes, Technology provides information on technologies that promote stabilization and minimize environmental impacts in landfills. As the main challenges in waste management are the reduction and proper treatment of waste and the appropriate use of waste streams, the book satisfies the needs of a modern landfill, covering waste pre-treatment, in situ treatment, long-term behavior, closure, aftercare, environmental impact and sustainability. It is written for practitioners who need specific information on landfill construction and operation, but is also ideal for those concerned about the possible return of these sites to landscapes and their subsequent uses for future generations. Includes input by international contributors from a vast number of disciplines Provides worldwide approaches and technologies Showcases the interdisciplinary nature of the topic Focuses on sustainability, covering the lifecycle of landfills under the concept of minimizing environmental impact Presents knowledge of the legal framework and economic aspects of landfilling
Download or read book Landfill gas enhancement field trials using leachate irrigation written by N. C. Blakey and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Treatment and Utilization of Landfill Gas written by M. J. Blanchet and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mitigation of Landfill Gas Emissions written by Małgorzata Pawłowska and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-01 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landfilling has been and still remains an important means of municipal solid waste management but it poses a threat to the purity of the environment, especially air. In the coming years, a radical decline in the share of landfilling in waste disposal practices should not be expected. However, this is not to say that people are powerless in the face of the emission of harmful gases into the atmosphere, the spread of bioaerosols and odors. There are many ways of preventing the negative impact of landfills or protecting the environment against such an impact. Some of these preventive and protective measures are described in Mitigation of Landfill Gas Emissions. Special attention is given to the application of anaerobic, aerobic and semi-aerobic bioreactor landfills for control of landfill gas emission. Different types of biotic systems for the oxidation of methane and trace gases, such as biocovers, biofilters, and biowindows, are also presented.
Download or read book Effect of Enhanced Leachate Recirculated ELR Landfill Operation and Gas Extraction on Greenhouse Gas Emissions written by Sonia Samir and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The bioreactor/ enhanced leachate recirculated (ELR) landfill operation, with the addition of moisture/ leachate to the landfill accelerates the process of landfill waste decomposition and, over a short period of time, increases the generation of landfill gas (LFG). Since emissions from the landfills are directly related to the generation of gas, the increase in gas generation might also increase the emissions from the landfill. The presence of gas extraction is suggested to mitigate the fugitive emissions from the landfills. Therefore, the motivation of the current study was to evaluate the effect of an ELR operation, as well as the gas extraction, on the greenhouse gas emissions from the landfill. The current study was conducted in the City of Denton Landfill, Texas. Methane emissions were investigated using a portable flame ionization detector (FID) and static flux chamber technique at the landfill surface. Emissions were measured from an ELR- operated cell (cell 2), as well as a conventional cell (cell 0), in the City of Denton Landfill. Methane emissions for cell 2 varied from 9544.3 ppm to 0 ppm, while for cell 0, they varied from 0 ppm to 47 ppm. High spatial variations were observed during monitoring from both cells 0 and cell 2, which could be recognized as the variation of gas generation below the cover soil. The comparison between emissions from the slope and surface of the landfill showed that more methane emissions occurred from the slopes than from the top surface. In addition, the average landfill emissions showed an increasing trend with an increase in temperature and decreasing trend with increasing precipitation. The effect of the ELR operation near the recirculation pipes showed a lag period between the recirculation and the maximum emissions near the pipe. The emissions near the pipe decreased after 1 day of recirculation, and after the initial decrease, the emissions started to increase and continued to increase up to 7 days after the recirculation. However, after approximately 10 days of recirculation, the emissions resumed their original state (before the recirculation). It should be noted that the change in emissions was only near the pipe. No overall change in emissions was observed from the cell due to the recirculation. The comparison between the emissions from the conventional and ELR cells showed overall higher emissions from the ELR cell, which could be attributed to the overall higher gas generation from the ELR cell. The gas extraction had a direct impact on emissions; the emissions dropped substantially right after the gas extraction from the landfill. However, the gas was extracted once in a month, and comparison with the amount of gas extraction and emissions showed that the emissions decreased as the gas extraction increased. A multiple linear regression (MLR) model was developed to incorporate the effect of the ELR operation and the gas extraction in the estimating the methane emissions from the landfill, using the statistical tool SAS. The model was validated and showed an excellent agreement between the predicted emissions and the measured emissions from the landfills (average variation 9.6%).
Download or read book Enhancement of Biogas Production from Organic Wastes Through Leachate Blending and Co digestion written by Adewale Aromolaran and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several operational and environmental conditions can result in poor biogas yield during the operation of anaerobic digesters and anaerobic bioreactor landfills. Over time, anaerobic co-digestion and leachate blending have been identified as strategies that can help address some of these challenges to improve biogas production. While co-digestion entails the co-treatment of multiple substrates, leachate blending involves combination of mature and young landfill leachate. Despite the benefits attributed to these strategies, their impact on recirculating bioreactor landfill scenarios and anaerobic digesters requires further investigation. In the first phase of this thesis, an attempt to assess biogas production improvement from organic fraction of municipal solid waste in simulated bioreactor landfills through recirculation of blended landfill leachate was conducted. Real old and new leachate blends (67%New leachate:33%Old leachate, 33%New leachate:67%Old leachate) as well as 100%New and 100%Old leachate were recirculated through six laboratory-scale bioreactors using open-loop and closed-loops modes. Compared with the control bioreactor where 100% new leachate was recirculated and operated as a closed-loop, cumulative biogas production was improved by as much as 77 to 193% when a leachate blend of 33%New:67%Old was recirculated. Furthermore, comparison of the results from open-loop and closed-loop operated bioreactors indicated that there was approximately 28 to 65% more biogas in open-loop bioreactors. The Gompertz model applied to the methane data produced a better fit (R2 > 0.99) than first order and logistic function models. Leachate blending reduced the lag phase by almost half and thus helps in alleviating the ensiling during the start-up phase. In the second phase, a biochemical methane potential (BMP) assay was conducted to investigate the synergistic effect of percentage sewage scum addition; 10%, 20% and 40% (volatile solids basis) on biogas production during mesophilic co-digestion with various organic substrates viz; organic fraction of municipal solid waste, old leachate, new leachate and a leachate blend prepared from 67%old leachate and 33%new leachate under sub-optimal condition. Results show that the net cumulative bio-methane yield was improved with increased sewage scum percentage during co-digestion because of positive synergism. Meanwhile, the addition of 40% sewage scum to the individual co-substrates improved net cumulative bio-methane yield by 28% - 67% when compared to their respective mono-substrate digestion bio-methane yield. Furthermore, reactors containing leachate blends consistently produced more biogas over other sets because of blending. Kinetic modelling applied to the bio-methane production data shows modified Gompertz equation achieved a better fit with up to an R2 value of 0.999. Finally, co-digestion substantially reduced the lag time encountered during mono-digestion. In the last phase, the biomethane potential involved in the ACo-D of sewage scum, organic fraction of municipal solid waste was investigated in this phase using either thickened waste activated sludge or leachate blend (67%old leachate and 33%new leachate) as a tertiary component. Compared to the mono-digestion of TWAS, results shows that biomethane yield was enhanced in by as much as 32 - 127% in trinary mixtures with SS and OFMSW mainly due to the effect of positive synergism. Furthermore, LB addition improved biomethane production in trinary mixtures of SS:LB: OFMSW by 38% than in corresponding trinary mixtures of TWAS. Whereas an optimal combination of 40%SS:10%TWAS:50%OFMSW and 20%SS:70%LB:10%OFMSW produced the highest biogas yield of 407mL.gVS-1 and 487mL.gVS-1 respectively. The application of the first order model showed that lower hydrolysis rates promoted methanogenesis with k = 0.04day-1 in both 20%SS:70%LB:10%OFMSW and 20%SS:50%LB:30%OFMSW. Estimations by the modified Gompertz and logistic function were conclusive methane production rate improved by as much a 60% in a trinary mixture over the production rate during mono-digestion of TWAS alone. The results of the various experiments of this thesis therefore suggest that leachate blending can be used as a strategy to improve biogas production in both bioreactor landfills and anaerobic digesters. Also, sewage scum as an energy-rich substrate can be better utilized during co-digestion with other low-energy substrates.
Download or read book Landfill Methane Recovery written by M. M. Schumacher and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 1983 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Landfill gas emission and mitigation written by Marion Huber-Humer and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Landfill Bioreactor Design Operation written by Timothy G. Townsend and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-19 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using biotechnology to help control landfill processes can mitigate costs, shorten the time needed to process solid waste, and ease the typical ecological damage to the land being used. This first-of-its-kind book provides regulators, designers, landfill owners, and operators with information that supports the utility of landfill bioreactors and provides design and operating criteria essential for the successful application of this technology. It pulls together laboratory, pilot, and full-scale experiences into one concise guide to designing and running municipal landfills as bioreactors. Landfill Bioreactor Design and Operation covers the history and background of landfill technology, research studies of actual bioreactor landfills, expected leachate and gas yields, specific design criteria, operation guidelines, and reuse of landfill sites to avoid having to establish new sites. For anyone looking for an alternative to large, wasteful landfill sites, this book provides a practical alternative to the problem.
Download or read book Effect of Saline Water on Landfill Gas Generation of Municipal Solid Waste written by Yogavathani Sivanesan and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Enhanced Leachate Recirculation (ELR) landfills operation results in rapid waste stabilization, waste decomposition and increased rate of gas generation. However, operating a landfill as an ELR landfill requires availability of a sufficient amount of fresh water in close proximity to the landfill facility. In coastal regions, where fresh water supplies may be scarce, available saline water may be considered for ELR operation. However, the effects of saline water on the decomposition solid waste and landfill gas generation are unknown and need to be investigated. The objectives of the current research are to investigate the effects of adding and/or recirculating saline water on biodegradation and landfill gas generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) at the Cefe Valenzuela Landfill (Cefe), Corpus Christi, Texas. To accomplish the research objectives, four 6-gallon laboratory scale reactors, simulating ELR landfills, were built. The reactors were filled with fresh MSW collected from the Cefe Landfill. Reactors 1 and 3 were operated with de-ionized water while reactors 2 and 4 were operated with saline water collected from the Corpus Christi Landfill site. The physical characteristics of collected MSW samples were also investigated. Based on 10 bags of fresh MSW sample, major MSW components were: Paper (38.3%), Plastic (14.2%), Food Waste (9.1%), and Others (Soil & Fines) (18.1%). The initial moisture content of MSW samples varied from 29.7% to 43.2%. Average compacted unit weight and permeability were found to be 35.3 pcf and 4.39 x 10-4 cm/sec, respectively. The volatile solids, pH, BOD, and COD tests were performed to evaluate the level of degradation of the solid waste in the bioreactor. It was observed that the fresh water reactors 1 and 3 started producing methane in significant amounts after 20 days of operation. The total methane produced in reactors 1 and 3 were 325.82 L and 923.89 L, and the methane yields were 39.8 L/lb and 100.5 L/lb dry weight, respectively. For the reactor 4 with saline water, there was a lag period of 60 days prior to methane generation. The methane generation did not accelerate until 80 days. The cumulative methane generation of reactor 4 was 83.0 L/lb at the time of dismantling after 194 days, and reactor 4 was still producing gas. From the experimental results, the increase in salt content causes a reduction in a volume of daily and total methane production and methane yield, and an increase in lag time, the time to reach the peak of daily methane production, and stabilization time. The addition of saline water for ELR operation might delay the methane generation in landfill. However, the rate and volume of gas production are similar to reactors that were operated with fresh water after an initial lag period. Considering the experimental results, it was determined that saline water can be utilized for ELR landfill operation.
