Download or read book Landfill Fires Their Magnitude Characteristics and Mitigation written by U. S. Fire Administration and published by FEMA. This book was released on 2013-04-23 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report was prepared by TriData Corporation, Arlington, Virginia, under contract to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, U.S. Fire Administration (USFA), National Fire Data Center. It presents an overview of the landfill fire problem. Issues examined include the landfill components that create fire hazards; the effect of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations and landfill cleanup efforts; a profile of landfill fires including their characteristics, methods of extinguishing, and safety issues for firefighters; prevention efforts to reduce landfill fires; and past examples of significant landfill fires and lessons learned.
Download or read book Landfill Fires written by United States Fire Administration and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Landfill Fires written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mitigation of Landfill Gas Emissions written by Malgorzata Pawlowska and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landfilling has been and still remains an important means of municipal solid waste management but it poses a threat to the purity of the environment, especially air. In the coming years, a radical decline in the share of landfilling in waste disposal practices should not be expected. However, this is not to say that people are powerless in the face of the emission of harmful gases into the atmosphere, the spread of bioaerosols and odors. There are many ways of preventing the negative impact of landfills or protecting the environment against such an impact. Some of these preventive and protective measures are described in Mitigation of Landfill Gas Emissions. Special attention is given to the application of anaerobic, aerobic and semi-aerobic bioreactor landfills for control of landfill gas emission. Different types of biotic systems for the oxidation of methane and trace gases, such as biocovers, biofilters, and biowindows, are also presented.
Download or read book Characterizing Spontaneous Fires in Landfills written by Shadi Y. Moqbel and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landfill fires are relatively common incidents that landfill operators encounter which have great impact on landfill structure and the environment. According to a U.S. Fire Administration report in 2001, an average of 8,300 landfill fires occurs each year in the United States, most of them in the spring and summer months. Subsurface spontaneous fires are considered the most dangerous and difficult to detect and extinguish among landfill fires. Few studies have been conducted on spontaneous fires in landfills. Information regarding the thermal behavior of solid waste is not available nor have measurements been made to evaluate spontaneous ignition of solid waste. The purpose of this research was to provide information concerning the initiation of spontaneous ignition incidents in landfills, and investigate the conditions favoring their occurrence. This study enabled better understanding of the self-heating process and spontaneous combustion in landfills. Effects of parameters critical to landfill operation on spontaneous combustion were determined. Spontaneous combustion occurs when materials are heated beyond the ignition temperature. Temperature rise occurs inside the landfill due to exothermic reactions which cause self-heating of the solid waste. Oxygen introduction leading to biological waste degradation and chemical oxidation is believed to be the main cause of rising solid waste temperatures to the point of ignition. A survey was distributed to landfill operators collecting information regarding spontaneous firs incidents in their landfills. Survey results raised new questions necessitating further study of subsurface fires incidents. Subsurface spontaneous fires were not restricted to any landfill geometry or type of waste (municipal, industrial, commercial, and construction and demolition). Results showed that landfill fires occur in landfills that do and do not recirculate leachate. Although new methods have been developed to detect subsurface fires, landfill operators depend primarily on visual observation of smoke or steam to detect the subsurface fires. Also, survey results indicated that excavating and covering with soil are the most widespread methods for extinguishing subsurface fires. Methane often has been suspected for initiating spontaneous subsurface firs in the landfill. However, combustible mixture of methane and oxygen requires very high temperature to ignite. In this study it was shown that spontaneous fires are initiated by solid materials with lower ignition points. Laboratory tests were conducted evaluating the effect of moisture content, oxygen concentration and leachate on spontaneous ignition of solid waste. A new procedure for testing spontaneous ignition is described based on the crossing-point method. The procedure was used to study the spontaneous combustion of solid waste and determine the auto-ignition temperature of the solid waste components and a synthesized solid waste. Correlations have been established between auto-ignition temperature, specific weight and energy content and between self-heating temperature and specific weight. Correlations indicated that compaction can help avoid spontaneous combustion in the landfill. Dense materials require higher energy to increase in temperature and limit the accessibility of oxygen. In the experimental work, moisture was found to promote both biological and chemical self-heating. Increasing moisture content lowers the solid waste permeability and absorbs more energy as it evaporates. Dissolved solids in leachate were found to promote self-heating and ignition more than distilled water. Varying oxygen concentrations indicated that heat generation occurs due to chemical oxidation even at oxygen concentration as low as 10% by volume. However, at 10% by volume oxygen, solid waste did not exhibit thermal runaway nor flammable combustion. At 0% by volume oxygen, tests results indicated occurrence of self-heating due to slow pyrolysis. A numerical one-dimensional energy model was created to simulate temperature rise in landfill for four different scenarios. Using the results from the laboratory experiment, the model estimated the heat generation in solid waste due to chemical reactions. Results from the scenario simulations indicated that moisture evaporation is the major heat sink in the landfill. The model showed that gas flow has a cooling effect due to increasing amount of evaporated water and can control the temperature inside the landfill. The model showed that a temperature higher than the biological limit can be maintained in the landfill without initiating spontaneous fire.
Download or read book Mitigation of Landfill Gas Emissions written by Małgorzata Pawłowska and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-01 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landfilling has been and still remains an important means of municipal solid waste management but it poses a threat to the purity of the environment, especially air. In the coming years, a radical decline in the share of landfilling in waste disposal practices should not be expected. However, this is not to say that people are powerless in the face of the emission of harmful gases into the atmosphere, the spread of bioaerosols and odors. There are many ways of preventing the negative impact of landfills or protecting the environment against such an impact. Some of these preventive and protective measures are described in Mitigation of Landfill Gas Emissions. Special attention is given to the application of anaerobic, aerobic and semi-aerobic bioreactor landfills for control of landfill gas emission. Different types of biotic systems for the oxidation of methane and trace gases, such as biocovers, biofilters, and biowindows, are also presented.
Download or read book Waste Management Practices written by John Pichtel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-02-26 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waste Management Practices: Municipal, Hazardous, and Industrial, Second Edition addresses the three main categories of wastes (hazardous, municipal, and "special" wastes) covered under federal regulation outlined in the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), an established framework for managing the generation, transportation, treatment, storage, and disposal of several forms of waste. Focusing on integrating the technical and regulatory complexities of waste management, this book covers the historical and regulatory development of waste management and the management of municipal solid wastes. It also addresses hazardous wastes and their management, from the perspectives of identification, transportation, and requirements for generators as well as the treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. Features: Covers the three main categories of wastes under regulation in the United States Incorporates an extensive set of problems, presented at the end of several chapters as appendices Includes numerous review/homework questions at the end of each chapter Highlights special categories of waste that may not fit precisely into either RCRA Subtitle D (Solid Wastes) or Subtitle C (Hazardous Wastes) In addition to the end-of-chapter problems provided in all chapters of this book, the text also contains practical exercises using data from field situations. Waste Management Practices: Municipal, Hazardous, and Industrial, Second Edition is an ideal textbook or reference guide for students and professionals involved in the management of all three categories of wastes.
Download or read book Environmental Science written by Forrest M. Mims III and published by Influence Press. This book was released on 2019-11-07 with total page 1229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What interests you most about the environment? Are you concerned about water pollution? Air quality? Energy production? Forest fires? Space exploration? Your interests and questions matter. Illustrated with more than 800 photographs, charts, and graphics, this practical guide allows you to start with your curiosity and follow your questions to answers about the environment. The book is organized into units based on the five classical scientific elements of matter: Air, Earth, Fire, Space, and Water. With special call-outs on positive and negative environmental impacts, you'll be challenged to consider your own role in caring for and understanding the environment.
Download or read book USFA Publications Catalog written by United States Fire Administration and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Urban Environmental Crisis in India written by Radha Goyal and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2017-08-21 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume represents a unique collection of thoughts, ideas, views and visions of a number of water management experts. The book envisions long-lasting practices in safe water and waste management by talking to local community members, governments, and business owners, in order to find out how they live and what they need to feel healthy, safe, empowered, and successful. The sheer diversity of subjects, strength of arguments, force of articulation and the breadth of vision offered here is sure to provoke the reader to think about India. It highlights that the future of the emerging urban society lies in the proper management of waste and not in mere disposal. It comprehensive index facilitates easy reference and accessibility to the reader. As such, it will be useful for policy makers, administrators, research scholars and other stakeholders.
Download or read book Fire in the United States 1992 2001 written by and published by FEMA. This book was released on with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mitigation of Landfill Gas Emissions written by Malgorzata Pawlowska and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landfilling has been and still remains an important means of municipal solid waste management but it poses a threat to the purity of the environment, especially air. In the coming years, a radical decline in the share of landfilling in waste disposal practices should not be expected. However, this is not to say that people are powerless in the face of the emission of harmful gases into the atmosphere, the spread of bioaerosols and odors. There are many ways of preventing the negative impact of landfills or protecting the environment against such an impact. Some of these preventive and protective measures are described in Mitigation of Landfill Gas Emissions. Special attention is given to the application of anaerobic, aerobic and semi-aerobic bioreactor landfills for control of landfill gas emission. Different types of biotic systems for the oxidation of methane and trace gases, such as biocovers, biofilters, and biowindows, are also presented.
Download or read book Waste Incineration and Public Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-10-21 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Incineration has been used widely for waste disposal, including household, hazardous, and medical wasteâ€"but there is increasing public concern over the benefits of combusting the waste versus the health risk from pollutants emitted during combustion. Waste Incineration and Public Health informs the emerging debate with the most up-to-date information available on incineration, pollution, and human healthâ€"along with expert conclusions and recommendations for further research and improvement of such areas as risk communication. The committee provides details on: Processes involved in incineration and how contaminants are released. Environmental dynamics of contaminants and routes of human exposure. Tools and approaches for assessing possible human health effects. Scientific concerns pertinent to future regulatory actions. The book also examines some of the social, psychological, and economic factors that affect the communities where incineration takes place and addresses the problem of uncertainty and variation in predicting the health effects of incineration processes.
Download or read book Best Practice Environmental Management written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Environmental Auditor, appointed under section 57 of the Environment Protection Act 1970, completed a statutory environmental audit of land uses, activities and associated impacts on water quality within the Tyers River Catchment. This environmental audit report forms the basis of a Statement of Environmental Audit, issued in accordance with the Environment Protection Act 1970, in relation to the beneficial uses of water within the catchment.
Download or read book Air Pathway Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Conducting Remedial Investigations feasibility Studies for CERCLA Municipal Landfill Sites written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Landfill Fires written by United States Fire Administration and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
