Download or read book Land Transport Externalities written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Economics of Regulating Road Transport written by E. T. Verhoef and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 1996 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For students and policy makers interested in environmental and transportation economics, Verhoef (spatial econometrics, Free U. of Amsterdam) explores welfare economic evaluations of regulatory policies aimed directly or indirectly at containing market failures in road transportation. Taking account of efficiency, equity, and social feasibility, his discussions range from static analyses at the level of individual actors and firms, to the dynamic behavior of large spatio-economic systems. Most of the chapters draw heavily from articles previously published or forthcoming in professional journals. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Efficient Transport for Europe Policies for the Internalisation of External Costs written by European Conference of Ministers of Transport and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 1998-07-17 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarises the theoretical and practical dimensions to internalisation; reviews recent estimates of external costs; explores the mix of policies that might be used to promote internalisation successfully; and estimates the size of incentives required in monetary terms.
Download or read book Trenen II STRAN written by European Commission. Directorate-General Transport and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recoge : Table of contents -- Partnership -- Executive summary -- Objectives of the project -- Scientific and technical description -- 1.An intuitive approach to the trenen-model -- 2.A mathematical description of the trenen-model -- 3.Trenen II interregional : theory and implementation -- 4.Operationalisation of the modell concepts -- 5.External costs of transport -- 6.Case-studies - References -- Annex 1: list of symbols.
Download or read book Measuring the Marginal Social Cost of Transport written by Christopher Nash and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-10-20 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many transport economists have for some time proposed marginal social cost as the principle on which prices in the transport sector should be based and, in recent years, their prescription has come to be taken more and more seriously by policy-makers. However, in order to properly test the possible implications of implementing pricing based on marginal social cost and, ultimately, to introduce such a system, it is necessary to actually measure the marginal social costs concerned, and how they vary according to mode, time and context. This book reviews the transport pricing policy debate and reports on the significant advances made in measuring the marginal social costs of transport, particularly through UNITE and other European research projects. We look in turn at infrastructure, operating costs, user costs (both of congestion and of charges in frequency of scheduled transport services) accidents and environmental costs, and how these estimates have been used to examine the impact of marginal cost pricing in transport. We finish by examining how the results of case studies might be generalised to obtain estimates of marginal social costs for all circumstances and, finally, presenting our conclusions.
Download or read book Hidden Costs of Energy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-06-26 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the many benefits of energy, most of which are reflected in energy market prices, the production, distribution, and use of energy causes negative effects. Many of these negative effects are not reflected in energy market prices. When market failures like this occur, there may be a case for government interventions in the form of regulations, taxes, fees, tradable permits, or other instruments that will motivate recognition of these external or hidden costs. The Hidden Costs of Energy defines and evaluates key external costs and benefits that are associated with the production, distribution, and use of energy, but are not reflected in market prices. The damage estimates presented are substantial and reflect damages from air pollution associated with electricity generation, motor vehicle transportation, and heat generation. The book also considers other effects not quantified in dollar amounts, such as damages from climate change, effects of some air pollutants such as mercury, and risks to national security. While not a comprehensive guide to policy, this analysis indicates that major initiatives to further reduce other emissions, improve energy efficiency, or shift to a cleaner electricity generating mix could substantially reduce the damages of external effects. A first step in minimizing the adverse consequences of new energy technologies is to better understand these external effects and damages. The Hidden Costs of Energy will therefore be a vital informational tool for government policy makers, scientists, and economists in even the earliest stages of research and development on energy technologies.
Download or read book Environmental External Costs of Transport written by Peter Bickel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transport is very important for the economy and our welfare. However, transport also causes a lot of problems, including air pollution. Such problems should be taken into account, when making decisions. A prerequisite for doing so is, that the impacts are known, quantitatively measured and allocated to the different activities in transport. Furthermore, they should be transformed into monetary units to be used as a basis for cost-benefit analyses or as an aid for setting taxes and charges, that reflect the external costs. This book describes a methodology for calculating impacts of transport activities and external costs caused by air pollution and presents numerous applications of this methodology for different transport technologies, locations and policy case studies. The approach has been developed and results have been calculated within the research project 'ExternE Core/Transport', financed to a large extent by the European Commission, Directorate General Research. We would like to thank especially Pierre Vallette and Pekka Jarviletho from the EC for their advice and support. A considerable number of experts with expertise in the different disciplines of this highly interdisciplinary work contributed to this book. The editors would like to thank the authors (see list on p. XV) for their contributions; it is especially remarkable, that the authors helped to make this book an integrated whole instead of a number of independent contributions.
Download or read book The True Costs of Road Transport written by David Maddison and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 1996 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1996. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Download or read book Blueprint 5 written by Olof Johansson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence has come to light regarding the impact of benzene emissions from road transport, the incidence of asthmatic attacks and the possible toll of particulate matter from diesel engines on human health. This book examines the issues and argues that, without a fundamental change in policy, it is inevitable that the transport sector will continue to impose increasing costs on the natural environment, human health and the economy. It also quantifies the external costs of road transport and suggests new measures, such as road pricing and financial incentives, to pave the way to a sustainable transport system.
Download or read book The Cost of Air Pollution Health Impacts of Road Transport written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2014-05-21 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study reports on the economic cost of the health impacts of air pollution from road transport – on a global scale but with special reference to China, India and the OECD countries.
Download or read book Transport Welfare and Externalities written by Dieter Schmidtchen and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a lawyer who has for many years been working on the interface between law and economics, I have observed with impatience the increasing divergence between academic economics and governmental policy-making. Too often economists are too obsessed with the mathematical modelling of their ideas and insufficiently concerned with the applications. This book constitutes a major and refreshing exception to that trend. Dieter Schmidtchen and his colleagues at Saarbrücken have addressed some issues of European transport policy by re-examining the fundamental ideas on which current analysis appears to be based and finding them wanting because they take too narrow a view on the options available. From the foreword by Anthony Ogus, University of Manchester, UK An excellent and comprehensive book of both theory and application for the Cheapest Cost Avoider principle (CCAP), being better for the society s welfare than the commonly applied Polluters Pay Principle for dealing with transport external impacts. It is easily readable although scientifically rigorous with useful examples. The relation to the European Transport Policy is quite valuable. The book deserves a prominent place in the literature of applied transport economics, and I highly recommend it for students following these disciplines. Dimitrios A. Tsamboulas, National Technical University of Athens, Greece This book discusses for the first time the relevance of the economic analysis of law for transport policy. The difference between applying the polluter-pays-principle and Calabresi s notion of the cheapest cost avoider are clearly explained and distributional consequences are also considered. Moreover, in addition to a brilliant economic analysis, the book also discusses important cases and the consequences of their analysis for European transport policy. It is a must-read for anyone interested either in law and economics generally or transport policy in particular. Michael Faure, Maastricht University and Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands This book discusses a paradigm shift for dealing with the internalization of external costs in transport. Crucial to the analysis is the insight that the polluters are not the only cost drivers; both pollutees and the state can also contribute to reducing social costs. The authors show that applying the Cheapest Cost Avoider Principle (CCAP) instead of the Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) can lead to substantial welfare improvements. This book develops the foundations for the CCAP, which is shown to be superior to the PPP, both methodologically and practically, in identifying the most appropriate policy for dealing with external effects in transport. The PPP neglects the fact that external costs are jointly caused by all involved parties and that the externality problem is of a reciprocal nature: to avoid harm to a pollutee necessarily inflicts harm on the polluter. The real problem for welfare maximization addressed by the CCAP is to avoid the most serious harm. The CCAP guarantees efficiency, fair competition and equity. Its use of some form of cost benefit analysis also helps to avoid regulatory failure. The CCAP incorporates polluter pays as one possible outcome; however, this is not a foregone conclusion. Two case studies showing that the methodology of the CCAP can be applied in practice and a critical assessment of the European greening transport policy complete this volume. Discussing the relevance of the economic analysis of law for transport policy, this book will appeal to academics in the fields of law and economics, environmental policy and regulatory impact assessment, and European transport policy. Policymakers and civil servants concerned with transport policy, environmental policy and regulatory impact assessment will also find this book valuable.
Download or read book The Full Costs and Benefits of Transportation written by David L. Greene and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern transportation systems have far-reaching, and serious consequences: deaths and injuries from accidents, pollution of air, water and groundwater, noise congestion, and the greenhouse effect. As world transport systems expand and become increasingly motorised, the transportation community is searching for systems that are both efficient and sustainable. Here, leading international researchers explore the issues and concepts and define the state of knowledge concerning the full costs and benefits of transportation.
Download or read book Internalising the Social Costs of Transport written by European Conference of Ministers of Transport and published by ECMT. This book was released on 1994 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soziale Kosten / externe Kosten.
Download or read book Welfare Externalities and Taxation written by Olof Johansson and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Land Transport Infrastructure written by Allen Consulting Group and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Low Carbon Land Transport written by Daniel Bongardt and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-03-05 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Practical guide for transport policymakers and planners to achieve low-carbon land transport systems. Based on wide ranging research, it shows how policies can be bundled successfully and worked into urban transport decision-making and planning strategies. With case studies from developed and developing countries, it outlines measures for reducing emissions, tailoring these to specific circumstances. It also highlights how greenhouse gas savings are measured, as well as success factors for implementing policies and measures in complex decision-making processes. For students of sustainable transport, professional planners and decision makers, Low-Carbon Land Transport is an invaluable reference for all those looking to help transport networks flow in a sustainable direction.
Download or read book Analytical Transport Economics written by J. B. Polak and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2000 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a considerably revised version of the 1993 European Transport Economics, economists from across Europe, the US, and Chile critically examine and summarize the scope of transport economics, then analyze in detail the production of transport, travel demand, transport externalities, and transport markets. They also examine transport policy both regarding infrastructure and transport markets, paying special attention to the role of government after deregulation and to the transport policy of the European Union, and analyze transport infrastructure in view of its effects on the wider economy. Finally they explore the role of transport specifically in urban environments, transition economies, and developing countries. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR
