Download or read book Labor Supply and Aggregate Functions written by Robert Ernest Hall and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues of labor supply are at the heart of macroeconomic explanations of the large cyclical fluctuations of output observed in modern economies. This paper starts with a serious empirical examination of the view that the labor market is always in balance-that every observed combination of employment and compensation is a point of intersection of the relevant supply and demand curves. I will call this the "intertemporal substitution" model of fluctuations. According to this model, workers are willing to shift their hours of work from one year to another in response to modest shifts in relative wages. The paper goes on to point out a strong implication of the pure inter- temporal substitution model, namely, the irrelevance of changes in the money supply for the labor supply function. A model where markets clear instantly ought to obey full monetary neutrality. The data refute this implication absolutely unambiguously. The money stock unambiguously shifts the labor supply function. The pure substitution model seems untenable in the light of this evidence. The paper then turns to explanations of the nonneutrality of money in the short run. According to the most carefully worked out line of thought, monetary shocks cause workers to make inappropriate intertemporal shifts in labor supply, because they lack complete information about the source of aggregate shocks and are forced to respond in the same way to real and nominal disturbances. Finally, the paper turns to the view that, in the short run, labor supply is largely irrelevant to the determination of aggregate employment
Download or read book A Study of the Aggregate United States Labor Supply Function written by Jeanette Marie Oster and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Individual and aggregate labor supply with coordinated working times written by Richard Rogerson and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I analyze two extensions to the standard model of life cycle labor supply that feature operative choices along both the intensive and extensive margin. The first assumes that individuals face different continuous wage-hours schedules. The second assumes that all work must be coordinated across individuals. These models look similar qualitatively but have very different implications for how aggregate labor supply responds to changes in taxes. In the first model, curvature in the utility from leisure function plays relatively little role in determining the overall change in hours worked, whereas in the second model it is of first order importance. The second model has important implications for what data is best able to provide evidence on the extent of curvature in the utility from leisure function.
Download or read book Aggregate Labor Supply written by Johanna Wallenius and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aggregate Labor Market Outcomes written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Commonly used frictional models of the labor market imply that changes in frictions have large effects on steady state employment and unemployment. We use a model that features both frictions and an operative labor supply margin to examine the robustness of this feature to the inclusion of a empirically reasonable labor supply channel. The response of unemployment to changes in frictions is similar in both models. But the labor supply response present in our model greatly attenuates the effects of frictions on steady state employment relative to the simplest matching model, and two common extensions. We also find that the presence of empirically plausible frictions has virtually no impact on the response of aggregate employment to taxes.
Download or read book Working in the Macro Economy written by Martin F. J. Prachowny and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1997-04-17 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Labour economics have received less attention in macroeconomics despite the fact that involuntary unemployment is a pressing policy issue. Here the imbalance is redressed by focusing on labour-demand and labour-supply relationships.
Download or read book Unemployment as Disequilibrium in a Model of Aggregate Labor Supply written by Orley Ashenfelter and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aggregation and Labor Supply Elasticities written by Alois Kneip and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper develops a statistical aggregation procedure for the Frisch elasticity of labor supply. It allows for worker heterogeneity and is applicable to an individual labor supply function with non-employment as a possible outcome. Subjecting all offered or paid wages to an unanticipated temporary change we analytically derive the aggregate elasticity and its main components. We quantify each component using individual-specific data from the German SOEP for males at working-age. We measure the hours' adjustment along the intensive and the extensive margin with the help of observed wages and reservation wages, respectively. The estimated aggregate Frisch elasticity varies over time.
Download or read book Three Margins of Labor Supply and Policy Analysis written by 賴志芳 Chih-Fang La and published by 索引數位股份有限公司. This book was released on 2017-05-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation decomposes labor supply into three margins step by step and studies the relative effects of two adverse labor market institutes on labor supply. Labor supply in Europe declined about 30% relative to the US over the past 3 decades. The decline in labor supply comes from both hours worked per worker and employment. Some studies attributed the declining hours worked to higher labor taxes, while other studies accredited high unemployment rates in Europe to generous non-employment benefits. Fang and Rogerson (2009) is the only exception which incorporates two margins of labor supply. Fang and Rogerson (2009) embedded working hours into Pissarides matching model and found that higher labor taxes decrease both hours per worker and employment. The first essay of this dissertation starts from Fang and Rogerson (2009) to compares the relative effects of increases in labor taxes and non-employment benefits on hours per worker and employment and quantifies them.
Download or read book The Role of Aggregate Preferences for Labor Supply Evidence from Low paid Employment written by Luke Haywood and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Unemployment Capital Labor Substitution and Economic Growth written by Mr.Bob Rowthorn and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1999-03-01 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses the influence of economic growth on the equilibrium unemployment rate (NAIRU). It examines how income distribution and the NAIRU are influenced by capital formation, technical progress, and labor force expansion, and how these factors’ impact depends on the elasticity of substitution between capital and labor. The paper distinguishes between the short-run NAIRU when capital stock is exogenous, and the long-run NAIRU when it is endogenous. It also considers how the analysis must be modified to take into account Keynesian ideas concerning the role of aggregate demand. It concludes that unless the capital stock grows in line with labor supply in efficiency units, the short-run NAIRU will increase, reducing the scope for demand stimulation.
Download or read book Towards an Aggregate Theory of Labour Supply and the Labour Market written by Brian P. Stewart and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book History of the American Economy written by Gary M.. Walton and published by Thomson South-Western. This book was released on 2009-06-01 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tying America's past to the economic policies of today and beyond, HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN ECONOMY, 11e, INTERNATIONAL EDITION presents events chronologically for easy understanding. Get a firm foundation in the evolution of the American economy with this ever-popular classic.
Download or read book Employer Search Activities and Aggregate Labor Supply written by Keith R. Sherony and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper applies job-search theory in a macroeconomic setting to explore the impact upon the supply of labor of employer search in conjunction with search activities of job-seekers Search theory provides a channel through which the level of employer search impacts on the aggregate supply of labor. Specifically, a positive relationship is suggested between the two. When a conventional neoclassical model of the firm is modified to include this relationship, it is shown that the profit maximizing neoclassical firm changes its level of search activities systematically when faced with changing product procies. The macroeconomic implication of this behavior is to produce an upward-sloping aggregate supply function.
Download or read book Labor Markets in a Global Economy A Macroeconomic Perspective written by Ingrid H. Rima and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-05-20 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This introductory text on labour economics covers topics such as: the shift in America from a manufacturing-based economy to a service economy; the changes in the economic conditions in the US; the implications of NAFTA and GATT; and the labour markets.
Download or read book The Labor Market and Business Cycle Theories written by Piero Ferri and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in business cycles has had its 'ups and downs'. After a period of almost steady state growth and of economic tranquility, when the business cycle seemed to be obsolete, the turbulence of the 70s and 80s has contributedto a renewed interest in the topic. Important analytical and methodological innovations have also favored the present abundance of contributions. Four innovations are of particular importance: i. microfoundations ii. nonlinearities iii. stochastic variables iv. real aspects. Both Classical macroeconomics and new-Keynesian approaches seem to share these characteristics, which apply both to endogenous and exogenous explanations of the cycle. The distance separating the newer literature from its forebears seems vast. Previously, cycle theory was characterized by a macro approach and utilized nonlinearities either through piecewise 'linear models or with the aid of Classical theorems in the field of dynamic systems. To consider and to compare the old and the new literature on business cycles is one of the goals of this book. To narrow the distance separating them is another goal of this research. We do not try to bridge it, but rather to revisit the former tradition with new tools. Finally, a particular emphasis is put on the 'ceilings and floors' type of literature. One of us has written a D. Phil. thesis with Sir John Hicks, and both have worked with H. P. Minsky. Hicks, along with Goodwin, introdu. ced the concept of ceilings and floors into business cycle analysis, and Minsky made important contributions to the area.
Download or read book Work Behavior of the World s Poor written by Mohammed Sharif and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-02-06 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title was first published in 2003. The working poor of the world are observed to engage in long hours in hard jobs and to work more if wages are further reduced. Mainstream economics brushes off this tendency to increase labour supply as wages fall as perverse because it does not fit the conventional wisdom and tries to explain it as a result of "subsistence mentality", "limited aspiration", or "target income" behaviour of the poor. This however ignores the observed fact that the poor work long hard hours but most of the time, fail to meet their minimum needs of subsistence and live impoverished lives in absolute poverty deficient of both food and physical rest. This book postulates that the observed behaviour is the result of economic distress the working poor suffer and analyses it as a rational behaviour using the conventional utility maximization framework and derives both theoretical and empirical results consistent with the observation. This book aims to correct a serious misconception persisting in the literature relating to the working-poor labour-supply behaviour that is almost universally observed. It also goes onto develop, using the supply function, a methodology to determine the standard of subsistence income and physical rest for the worker.
