Download or read book Labor Market Responses to Rising Health Insurance Costs written by David M. Cutler and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increases in the cost of providing health insurance must have some effect on labor markets, either in lower wages, changes in the composition of employment, or both. Despite a presumption that most of this effect will be in the form of lower wages, we document in this paper a significant effect on work hours as well. Using data from the CPS and the SIPP, we show that rising health insurance costs over the 1980s increased the hours worked of those with health insurance by up to 3 percent. We argue that this occurs because health insurance is a fixed cost, and as it becomes more expensive to provide, firms face an incentive to substitute hours per worker for the number of workers employed.
Download or read book The Significance of International Tax Rules for Sourcing Income written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Labor Market Effects of Rising Health Insurance Premiums written by Katherine Baicker and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 2000, premiums for employer-provided health insurance have increased by 59 percent with little corresponding increase in the generosity of coverage. The effect of this increase in costs on wages and employment will depend on workers' valuation of the benefit, the elasticities of labor supply and demand, and institutional constraints on employers' ability to lower wages. Measuring these effects is difficult, however, without a source of exogenous variation in the cost of benefits. We use variation in medical malpractice payments driven by the recent "medical malpractice crisis" to identify the causal effect of rising health insurance premiums on wages, employment, and health insurance coverage. We estimate that a 10 percent increase in health insurance premiums reduces the aggregate probability of being employed by 1.6 percent and hours worked by 1 percent, and increases the likelihood that a worker is employed only part-time by 1.9 percent. For workers covered by employer provided health insurance, this increase in premiums results in an offsetting decrease in wages of 2.3 percent. Thus, rising health insurance premiums may both increase the ranks of the unemployed and place an increasing burden on workers through decreased wages for workers with employer health insurance and decreased hours for workers moved from full time jobs with benefits to part time jobs without.
Download or read book Effects of Changes to the Health Insurance System on Labor Markets written by Janet Holtzblatt and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the U.S., health insurance (HI) coverage is linked to employment in ways that can affect both wages and the demand for certain types of workers. That close linkage can also affect people¿s decisions to enter the labor force, to work fewer or more hours, to retire, and even to work in one particular job or another. This economic brief shows that the overall impact on labor markets (LM) is difficult to predict. Although economic theory and experience provide some guidance as to the effect of specific provisions, large-scale changes to the HI system could have more extensive repercussions than have previously been observed and also may involve numerous factors that would interact ¿ affecting LM in potentially offsetting ways.
Download or read book The Impact of Employer Sponsored Health Insurance on Labor Market Outcomes written by Avantika Kapoor and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US does not have universal healthcare coverage for all its citizens. Instead, institutions have been cobbled together, with coverage varying from person to person. Some forms of health insurance are part of the compensation for employment, while others can be accessed whether the person is employed or not. Employers and the government provide most people their health insurance. The Affordable Care Act has mandated all employers with at least 50 full time employees to cover the health insurance of at least 95 percent of the employees. This coverage is borne as a cost by the employer. My thesis uses longitudinal data from the March Current Population Survey (CPS) conducted by the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (which includes individual-level responses to many demographic and socioeconomic questions) to estimate the impact of insurance cost by observing two sets of time periods (before the mandate is imposed and after the mandate is imposed) to study what has been the impact on variables such as wages, for people who are the heads of their households and what the variation is based on (such as race, age, level of education, and marital status).
Download or read book Employer based Health Insurance written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Health Benefits at Work written by Mark V. Pauly and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 1999-06-04 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Who really pays for health benefits? An accessible explanation of the economic theory behind this question
Download or read book Rising Health Care Costs written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The strong link between employment and health insurance in the U.S. means that ever rising health care costs may have serious consequences for labor market outcomes such as job creation, employment flows, earnings, and hours of work. In this paper, we analyze the effect of health care costs on these employment outcomes, using a dataset compiled to address these issues at the MSA level. Some caution in interpretation is necessary here due to the imprecision of the estimates but overall we argue that the patterns we find suggest a negative effect on employment, with the impact occurring mostly through reductions in new hires. There is also some evidence that workers are not leaving jobs with higher health insurance premiums which may support the job-lock hypothesis. Last, we find significant and negative effects of higher costs on hours of work, illustrating that the link between health insurance and employment can affect workers along many dimensions.
Download or read book Economic Implications of Rising Health Care Costs written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1992-10 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the effects of rising health care costs on the economy. In particular, it examines how the costs affect workers, businesses and governments. Chapters: special characteristics of health care markets; what has caused the rapid increase in health expenditures; the economic effects of rising costs for employer-provided insurance and how the rising costs for government health programs affect the economy. 21 charts and tables.
Download or read book Health Insurance and the Labor Market written by Jonathan Gruber and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A distinctive feature of the health insurance market in the U.S. is the restriction of group insurance availability to the workplace. This has a number of important implications for the functioning of the labor market, through mobility from job-to-job or in and out of the labor force, wage determination, and hiring decisions. This paper reviews the large literature that has emerged in recent years to assess the impact of health insurance on the labor market. I begin with an overview of the institutional details relevant to assessing the interaction of health insurance and the labor market. I then present a theoretical overview of the effects of health insurance on mobility and wage/employment determination. I critically review the empirical literature on these topics, focusing in particular on the methodological issues that have been raised, and highlighting the unanswered questions which can be the focus of future work in this area.
Download or read book The Economic Burden of Providing Health Insurance written by Christine Eibner and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2008-04-02 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 60 percent of nonelderly Americans receive health-insurance (HI) coverage through employers. However, rising health-care costs may threaten the long-term viability of the employer-based insurance system. This report explores trends in the economic burden associated with HI provision for small and large businesses, as well as the quality of plans that small and large firms offer.
Download or read book The rising cost of health care written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and the Workforce. Subcommittee on Employer-Employee Relations and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Influence of Inefficiencies in Health Care and the Labor Market written by Scott Barkowski and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first essay, ``Does Government Health Insurance Reduce Job Lock and Job Push?'', I estimate the extent that job mobility is affected by the link between health insurance and employment. Workers holding employment-contingent health insurance (ECHI) are often thought to stay in jobs that are otherwise inferior matches out of fear of losing their ECHI, while those without insurance may leave employment states that are otherwise good matches seeking access to ECHI. These two phenomena are known as job lock and job push, respectively. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, Medicaid expansions resulted in many working class households gaining Medicaid eligibility for one or more family members, an alternative source of health insurance that is not contingent on employment. Using this eligibility as a measure of variation in the dependence on ECHI for health insurance coverage, I find large estimates of job lock and job push for men. Medicaid eligibility for one household member results in an increase in the likelihood of a voluntary job exit for men over a four-month period by approximately 34%. Similarly, moves into jobs with ECHI fall by approximately 25% in response to Medicaid eligibility. For women, I do not find evidence consistent with job lock. For the case of job push, some of my estimates suggest large effects, though these estimates have interpretive difficulties. The second essay, titled ``Does Regulation of Physicians Reduce Health Care Spending?'', examines the fear among physicians that legal liability increases health care spending. Theoretically, the effect of legal risk could be positive or negative on spending, and empirical evidence has supported both cases. Previous empirical work, however, has ignored that physicians face risk from centralized regulators -- industry oversight groups like medical boards -- in addition to civil litigation risk. This paper addresses this omission by incorporating previously unused data on punishments by oversight groups against physicians, known as adverse actions, along with malpractice payments data to study state-level health care spending. My analysis suggests that health care spending does not rise in response to higher levels of risk. An increase in adverse actions equal to 16, the mean year-to-year change within a state, is found to be associated with statistically significant average spending decreases of approximately 0.11% to 0.21%. Malpractice payments were generally estimated to have smaller, statistically insignificant effects. The final essay, ``Preliminary Results On The Effect of Specialist Cost Information on Primary Care Physician Referral Patterns'', reports early results on a field experiment designed to test whether primary care physicians (PCPs) would use information on specialist costs in allocating their patient referrals between doctors within the specialty. The experiment was performed in partnership with a private-sector group of medical practices organized as an Independent Practice Association (IPA). Randomly chosen PCP practices within the IPA were provided with a report listing average cost information for Ophthalmology practices within the IPA. The response of the PCPs is compared to a control group of PCP practices within the IPA to see if the information influenced which Ophthalmology practices received PCP referrals. Analysis of experimental data so far available does not find any effects that are statistically significant at conventional levels. These results, however, are based on data from a very short post-period, and are not considered final. The experiment is ongoing at the time of the writing of this essay.
Download or read book Labor Market Implications of Employer Provided Health Insurance written by Kanika Kapur and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Second, small firms that offer health insurance may attempt to avoid expensive premium variability by maintaining a work force with low expected health costs. Using the NMES, I find small firms that offer health insurance are less like to hire and more likely to layoff workers with families that have medical conditions that lead to higher health insurance premiums. These results suggest that the link between small firm health insurance and employment leads to employment distortions.
Download or read book How the New Labor Market is Squeezing Workforce Health Benefits written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Health and Wealth of a Nation Employer Based Health Insurance and the Affordable Care Act written by Nan L. Maxwell and published by W.E. Upjohn Institute. This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: And Discussion4: How Large Firms Might Respond to the ACA; The ACA and Increasing Costs; Large Firms' Behavior as a Response to Increasing Costs; Past Behavior and Potential Increased Health Care Costs; Summary and Discussion; 5: How Small Firms Might Respond to the ACA; The ACA and Small Firms; Small Firms That Did Not Offer ESI; Small Firms That Offered ESI; Summary and Discussion; 6: Health Policy and Firm Behavior; Analyzing Incentives for Firms to Offer ESI; Firms' Prereform Behavior; Three Characteristics of Employer-Sponsored Insurance in the Prereform Period
Download or read book Rising Health Insurance Costs Declining Benefits and Metro nonmetro and Firm Size Compensation Gaps written by Anna Kincaid Stende and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study analyzes the impact of rising health insurance costs and changing tax rates on wages and health insurance benefits. The study also investigates the underlying reasons for large metro-nonmetro and firm size gaps in wages and health insurance benefits. The cost of firm-provided health insurance net of inflation rose 104% from 1987 to 2002. This trend should increase the likelihood that firms will reduce their contribution to health insurance benefits or drop them altogether. Over that same period, significant variation in the average marginal tax rate occurred in a number of states. Higher tax rates should raise the cost of compensation in the form of wages relative to benefits because benefits typically are untaxed. Consistent with these two hypotheses, empirical results show that both insurance costs and taxes have a significant impact on health insurance benefits and wages. The combined effects of the changes in health insurance costs and taxes was a 4.6% reduction in the probability of firm-provided health insurance coverage, an 18.2% reduction in average employer contributions to health insurance, and a 17.9% increase in wages as employers shifted compensation from providing benefits to wages. Workers residing in nonmetro areas have less generous health insurance benefits and receive lower wages than workers residing in metro areas. Similarly, individuals working for smaller firms have less generous benefits and wages than individuals working for larger firms. Although health insurance costs and taxes have significant effects on benefits and wages, they explain little of the metro-nonmetro and firm size gaps. Consequently, equalizing health insurance premiums will have very little impact on the proportion of workers covered by employer-provided health insurance in small firms or in nonmetro areas. Differences in the education level of workers explain the largest portion of both the metro-nonmetro and firm size compensation gaps. The higher incidence of nonmetro residents employed by the smallest firms also explains a large portion of the metro-nonmetro gap. Other variables explaining the firm size gap include the lower incidence of workers employed full-time in small firms and local labor market conditions.
