Download or read book Labor Market Reform and Job Creation written by J. Luis Guasch and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the resumption of economic growth in most Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) countries since the late 1980s, improvements on the employment/unemployment front fave been sluggish at best, with a few notable exceptions. In many countries, renewed growth in LAC in the 1990s has so far failed to generate adequate new jobs in place of those lost during the adjustment , and to restore wages to precrisis levels. After a number of years of relatively high economic growth, the employment outlook in many countries remains worrisome. In those countries where unemployment rates appear to be low, often as a result of how they are measured, the concern is the low quality and renumeration levels of available jobs.
Download or read book Policy Complementarities written by Mr.David T. Coe and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1996-08-01 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper argues that an important group of labor market policies are complementary in the sense that the effect of each policy is greater when implemented in conjunction with the other policies than in isolation. This may explain why the diverse, piecemeal labor market reforms in many European countries in recent years have had so little success in reducing unemployment. What is required instead is deeper labor market reforms across a broader range of complementary policies and institutions. To be politically feasible, these reforms must be combined with measures to address distributional issues.
Download or read book Labor Markets Employment Policy And Job Creation written by Lewis C. Solmon and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-07 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This clear, accessible volume provides a comprehensive overview of the ongoing debate over the determining factors of and key influences on employment growth and labor market training, education, and related policies in the United States. Drawing on the work of distinguished labor economists, the chapters tackle questions posed by job and skill demands in the "new high-tech economy" and explore sources of employment growth; productivity growth and its implications for future employment; government mandates, labor costs, and employment; and labor force demographics, income inequality, and returns to human capital. These topics are central concerns for government, which must judge every prospective policy proposal by its effects on employment growth. Washington keeps at least one eye firmly on the jobs picture, and public officials at every level are constantly aware of the issues surrounding American job security. The jobs issue reaches beyond this focus on the unemployment rate and on total employment, including the rate at which employment is seen as growing, the growth of real wages, the security of employment, returns to human capital, uncertainty about the education and training best suited for a world of rapidly changing economic conditions, and the distribution of the gains from growth across economic classes and population groups.
Download or read book Directions in Development written by J. Luis Guasch and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book China s Labor Market in the New Normal written by Mr.Waikei W. Lam and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-07-13 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As China implements reforms under the “new normal,” maintaining stability in the labor market is a priority. The country’s demography and labor dynamics are changing, after benefitting in past decades from ample cheap labor. So far, the labor market appears to be resilient, even as growth slows, driven in part by expansion of the services sector. Migrant flows and possible labor hoarding in overcapacity sectors may also help explain this. Yet, while the latter two factors help serve as shock absorbers— contributing to labor market stability in the short term—if they persist, they may delay the needed adjustment process, contributing to an inefficient allocation of resources and curtailing productivity gains. This paper quantifies to what extent structural trends and the reform pace affect employment growth under the new normal. Delays in reform implementation would weaken growth prospects in the medium term, running the risk that job creation will fall below policy targets, leading to labor market pressures in the future. In contrast, successful transition might require faster reforms, including in the overcapacity and state-owned enterprise sectors, supported by well targeted social safety nets.
Download or read book Policy Complementarities written by David T. Coe and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Some Thoughts on Macroeconomic Fluctuations and the Timing of Labor Market Reform written by Gilles Saint-Paul and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Labor Market Reforms Growth and Unemployment in Labor Exporting Countries in the Middle East and North Africa written by Pierre-Richard Agenor and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agenor, Nabli, Yousef, and Jensen study the impact of labor market policies on growth and unemployment in labor-exporting countries in the Middle East and North Africa. Their analysis is based on a framework that captures many of the main features of the labor market in these countries. The authors conduct a variety of policy experiments, including a reduction in payroll taxation, cuts in public sector wages and employment, an increase in employment subsidies, a reduction in trade unions' bargaining power, and a composite reform program. Their key message is that to foster broad-based growth and job creation in the region, labor market reforms must not be viewed in isolation but rather as a component of a comprehensive program of structural reforms.This paper - a product of the Social and Economic Development Group, Middle East and North Africa Region - is part of a larger effort in the region to understand the impact of labor market reforms on growth and unemployment.
Download or read book Macroeconomic Evaluation of Labor Market Reform in Germany written by Mr.Tom Krebs and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-02-13 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2005 the German government implemented the so-called Hartz IV reform, which amounted to a complete overhaul of the German unemployment insurance system and resulted in a significant reduction in unemployment benefits for the long-term unemployed. In this paper, we use an incomplete-market model with search unemployment to evaluate the macro-economic and welfare effects of the Hartz IV reform. We calibrate the model economy to German data before the reform and then use the calibrated model economy to simulate the effects of Hartz IV. In our baseline calibration, we find that the reform has reduced the long-run (noncyclical) unemployment rate in Germany by 1.4 percentage points. We also find that the welfare of employed households increases, but the welfare of unemployed households decreases even with moderate degree of risk aversion.
Download or read book Assessing Impediments of Job Creation written by Joshua A. Lancolm and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically high unemployment rates remain a grave concern for American households. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the unemployment rate for February 2011 was an unacceptably high nine percent. Recognizing the need to create jobs and get Americans back to work, the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee is uniquely positioned to conduct a broad-based, economy-wide examination of the barriers that stand in the way of job growth and economic recovery. This book will examine the industries that have been hardest hit by the recession, with an emphasis on understanding their challenges and identifying rules cited as costly and problematic.
Download or read book The Microeconomics of Creating Productive Jobs written by J. David Brown and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The challenge for labor market policy in the transition economies has been to redress the sharp drops in employment and rises in unemployment in a way that fosters the creation of productive jobs. The authors first document the magnitude and productivity of job and worker reallocation. Then they investigate the effects of privatization, product and labor market liberalization, and obstacles to growth in the new private sector on reallocation and its productivity in Hungary, Romania, Russia, and Ukraine. The authors find that market reform has resulted in a large increase in the pace of job reallocation, particularly that occurring between sectors and through firm turnover. Unlike under central planning, the job reallocation during the transition has contributed significantly to aggregate productivity growth. Privatization has not only stimulated intrasectoral job reallocation, but the reallocation is more productive than that among remaining state firms. The effect of privatization on firm productivity varies considerably across countries and is not always positive. The productivity gains from privatization have generally not come at the expense of workers but are rather associated with increased wages and employment.
Download or read book Finding Jobs written by David Card and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2000-06-29 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do plummeting welfare caseloads and rising employment prove that welfare reform policies have succeeded, or is this success due primarily to the job explosion created by today's robust economy? With roughly one to two million people expected to leave welfare in the coming decades, uncertainty about their long-term prospects troubles many social scientists. Finding Jobs offers a thorough examination of the low-skill labor market and its capacity to sustain this rising tide of workers, many of whom are single mothers with limited education. Each chapter examines specific trends in the labor market to ask such questions as: How secure are these low-skill jobs, particularly in the event of a recession? What can these workers expect in terms of wage growth and career advancement opportunities? How will a surge in the workforce affect opportunities for those already employed in low-skill jobs? Finding Jobs offers both good and bad news about work and welfare reform. Although the research presented in this book demonstrates that it is possible to find jobs for people who have traditionally relied on public assistance, it also offers cautionary evidence that today's strong economy may mask enduring underlying problems. Finding Jobs shows that the low-wage labor market is particularly vulnerable to economic downswings and that lower skilled workers enjoy less job stability. Several chapters illustrate why financial incentives, such as the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), are as essential to encouraging workforce participation as job search programs. Other chapters show the importance of including provisions for health insurance, and of increasing subsidies for child care to assist the large population of working single mothers affected by welfare reform. Finding Jobs also examines the potential costs of new welfare restrictions. It looks at how states can improve their flexibility in imposing time limits on families receiving welfare, and calls into question the cutbacks in eligibility for immigrants, who traditionally have relied less on public assistance than their native-born counterparts. Finding Jobs is an informative and wide-ranging inquiry into the issues raised by welfare reform. Based on comprehensive new data, this volume offers valuable guidance to policymakers looking to design policies that will increase work, raise incomes, and lower poverty in changing economic conditions.
Download or read book Job Creation Through Public Service Employment Summary of findings and recommendations written by United States. National Commission for Manpower Policy and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Labor market Policies for Full Employment written by United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee. Subcommittee on Economic Growth and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Job Creation written by Jordi Gual i Sole and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 1998 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economists and scholars of management assess the impact of changes in the labor market institutions on the creation of jobs. They focus on public policy and its effects on the adaptation of the labor force to international markets. Several look at how information technology has changed both the internal and external labor markets of companies. Some propose regulatory changes to facilitate competitiveness of both workers and companies. The seven papers are from a June 1997 conference in Barcelona. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Jobs Earnings and Employment Growth Policies in the United States written by John D. Kasarda and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John D. Kasarda By all accounts, the United States has led the world in job creation. During the past 20 years, its economy added nearly 40 million jobs while the combined European Economic Community added none. Since 1983 alone, the U. S. gener ated more than 15 million jobs and its unemployment rate dropped from 7. 5 percent to approximately 5 percent while the unemployment rate in much of western Europe climbed to double digits. Even Japan's job creation record pales in comparison to the United States'. with its annual employment growth rate less than half that of the United States over the past 15 years (0. 8 percent vs. 2 percent. ) Yet, as the U. S. economy has been churning out millions of jobs annually, con flicting views and heated debates have emerged regarding the quality of these new jobs and its implications for standards of living and U. S. economic competi tiveness. Many argue that the "great American job machine" is a "mirage" or "grand illusion. " Rather than adding productive, secure, well-paying jobs, most new employment, critics contend, consists of poverty level, dead-end, service sector jobs that contribute little or nothing to the nation's productivity and inter national competitiveness. Much of the blame is placed on Reagan-Bush policies that critics say undermine labor unions, encourage wasteful corporate restructur ing, foster exploitative labor practices, and reduce fiscal support for education and needed social services.
Download or read book Law and Employment written by James J. Heckman and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Law and Employment analyzes the effects of regulation and deregulation on Latin American labor markets and presents empirically grounded studies of the costs of regulation. Numerous labor regulations that were introduced or reformed in Latin America in the past thirty years have had important economic consequences. Nobel Prize-winning economist James J. Heckman and Carmen Pagés document the behavior of firms attempting to stay in business and be competitive while facing the high costs of complying with these labor laws. They challenge the prevailing view that labor market regulations affect only the distribution of labor incomes and have little or no impact on efficiency or the performance of labor markets. Using new micro-evidence, this volume shows that labor regulations reduce labor market turnover rates and flexibility, promote inequality, and discriminate against marginal workers. Along with in-depth studies of Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Jamaica, and Trinidad, Law and Employment provides comparative analysis of Latin American economies against a range of European countries and the United States. The book breaks new ground by quantifying not only the cost of regulation in Latin America, the Caribbean, and in the OECD, but also the broader impact of this regulation.
