Download or read book La dynamique de la science written by Larry Laudan and published by Editions Mardaga. This book was released on 1977 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dans son ouvrage intitulé La dynamique de la science Larry Laudan développe une nouvelle approche du progrès scientifique, en termes de traditions de recherche. Il veut, en fait offrir une autre lecture du jeu scientifique dont l'activité principale consiste en la résolution de problèmes, là où Kuhn et Lakatos ne peuvent en rendre la pertinence. Il adresse à cet effet quelques critiques à Kuhn et à Lakatos.Laudan relève six grandes insuffisances de la méthodologie de programmes de recherche:Premièrement, il pense que Lakatos offre une conception empirique du progrès scientifique, de la même manière que Thomas Kuhn, par le fait que Lakatos fait reposer le progrès sur la prédiction des faits inédits. Ces faits ne visent, pour Laudan, qu'à accroître l'éventail des énoncés empiriques.Deuxièmement, il fustige le caractère limité des types de changements qu'autorise la méthodologie de programme de recherche. A cet effet, Laudan écrit que la seule relation que Lakatos autorise entre deux théories est "l'addition d'un nouveau postulat ou la réinterprétation sémantique de certains termes de la théorie précédente. Dans ce sens, poursuit-il, l'existence de deux théories dans un même programme de recherche n'est possible que si l'une implique l'autre.Troisièmement, Laudan porte un coup fatal à Lakatos quand il affirme que toue la méthodologie lakatosienne reste encore dépendante des notions tarskienne et poppérienne de contenu empirique et de logique. C'est la comparaison des contenus empiriques qui détermine le progrès chez Lakatos. Celui-ci ne spécifie donc pas de techniques de mesure du contenu des théories scientifiques. Ensuite, se ralliant sans doute à la critique déjà faite par Feyerabend, Laudan affirme que, chez Lakatos, l'acceptation des théories n'est pas rationnelle; ce qui implique l'inexistence d'un lien interne entre une théorie du progrès scientifique et une théorie de l'acceptation rationnelle. Cinquièmement, la faiblesse de Lakatos réside dans l'affirmation que l'accumulation des anomalies n'a aucun impact sur l'évaluation d'un programme de recherche. Laudan rapporte que l'histoire des sciences dément une telle manière de procéder. Enfin, une de grandes faiblesses de la méthodologie de programmes de recherche est la rigidité de son noyau dur irréfutable, qui ne permet aucun changement fondamental. Bien que reconnaissant la pertinence des analyses de ses prédécesseurs, Laudan se propose d'oser une nouvelle acception du jeu rationnel et du progrès scientifique.
Download or read book Leibniz s Correspondence in Science Technology and Medicine 1676 1701 written by James O'Hara and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2024-08-01 with total page 1091 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leibniz’s correspondence from his years spent in Paris (1672-1676) reflects his growth to mathematical maturity whereas that from the years 1676-1701 reveals his growth to maturity in science, technology and medicine in the course of which more than 2000 letters were exchanged with more than 200 correspondents. The remaining years until his death in 1716 witnessed above all the appearance of his major philosophical works. The focus of the present work is Leibniz's middle period and the core themes and core texts from his multilingual correspondence are presented in English from the following subject areas: mathematics, natural philosophy, physics (and cosmology), power technology (including mining and transport), engineering and engineering science, projects (scientific, technological and economic projects), alchemy and chemistry, geology, biology and medicine.
Download or read book Beginnings of a New Science written by Christine Lehmann and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Painlev Transcendents written by Decio Levi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NATO Advanced Research Workshop "Painleve Transcendents, their Asymp totics and Physical Applications", held at the Alpine Inn in Sainte-Adele, near Montreal, September 2 -7, 1990, brought together a group of experts to discuss the topic and produce this volume. There were 41 participants from 14 countries and 27 lectures were presented, all included in this volume. The speakers presented reviews of topics to which they themselves have made important contributions and also re sults of new original research. The result is a volume which, though multiauthored, has the character of a monograph on a single topic. This is the theory of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, the solutions of which have no movable singularities, other than poles, and the extension of this theory to partial differential equations. For short we shall call such systems "equations with the Painleve property". The search for such equations was a very topical mathematical problem in the 19th century. Early work concentrated on first order differential equations. One of Painleve's important contributions in this field was to develop simple methods applicable to higher order equations. In particular these methods made possible a complete analysis of the equation ;; = f(y',y,x), where f is a rational function of y' and y, with coefficients that are analytic in x. The fundamental result due to Painleve (Acta Math.
Download or read book Science and Nature written by Carolyn Merchant and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-07 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science and Nature brings together the work and insights of historian Carolyn Merchant on the history of science, environmental history, and ethics. The book explores her ideas about the interconnections among science, women, nature, and history as they have emerged over her academic lifetime. Focusing on topics such as "The Death of Nature," the Scientific Revolution, women in the history of science and environment, and partnership ethics, it synthesizes her writings and sets out a vision for the twenty-first century. Anyone interested in the interactions between science and nature in the past, present, and future will want to read this book. It is an ideal text for courses on the environment, environmental history, history of science, and the philosophy of science.
Download or read book La science et ses r seaux written by Michel Callon and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: En montrant que les scientifiques sont d'infatigables constructeurs de réseaux de genèse et de diffusion des connaissances scientifiques, "les études rassemblées dans ce livre contribuent à imposer une image radicalement nouvelle de la dynamique scientifique et de sa contribution au développement économique et social".
Download or read book Historical and Philosophical Perspectives of Science written by Roger H. Stuewer and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 1970-12-23 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historical and Philosophical Perspectives of Science was first published in 1970. Minnesota Archive Editions uses digital technology to make long-unavailable books once again accessible, and are published unaltered from the original University of Minnesota Press editions. The series of essays published in this book, which is Volume V of the Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, are (with the exception of two essays) based on papers presented or discussed at a conference devoted to exploring the relationships between the history and the philosophy of science, held at the University of Minnesota in the fall of 1969. In a forward Peter Caws notes that the conference grew out of the deliberations of subcommittee of the U.S. National Committee for the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science. The contributors are Herbert Feigl, Ernan McMullin, Wesley C. Salmon, Peter Archinstein, Arnold Thackray, Mary Hesse, Edward Rosen, Paul K. Feyerabend, Erwin N. Hiebert, Gerd Buchdahl, Roger H. Stuewer, Howard Stein, and Kenneth F. Schaffner. Some of the papers draw philosophical conclusions from examples in the history of science; others point out the significance of philosophical insights for a study of the history of science; still others explore special aspects of the history or philosophy of science.
Download or read book Companion Encyclopedia of the History and Philosophy of the Mathematical Sciences written by Ivor Grattan-Guiness and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-11-11 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Download or read book International Bibliography Of Sociology 2003 Bibliographie Internationale Des Sciences Sociales written by Compiled by the British Library of Political and Economic Science and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2004-12 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1952, the International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (anthropology, economics, political science, and sociology) is well established as a major bibliographic reference for students, researchers and librarians in the social sciences worldwide. Key features * authority: Rigorous standards are applied to make the IBSS the most authoritative selective bibliography ever produced. Articles and books are selected on merit by some of the world's most expert librarians and academics. * breadth: today the IBSS covers over 2000 journals - more than any other comparable resource. The latest monograph publications are also included. * international Coverage: the IBSS reviews scholarship published in over 30 languages, including publications from Eastern Europe and the developing world. *User friendly organization: all non-English titles are word sections. Extensive author, subject and place name indexes are provided in both English and French.
Download or read book The City and Its Sciences written by Cristoforo S. Bertuglia and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 915 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent developments in the field of urban analysis and management are investigated in this book. It is a wide-ranging collection of essays on the subject drawn from a long-term project and seminar, held in Italy, to review the state of the art and speculate on the future influence on the "sciences of the city" of the complexity concept. Of particular interest is the variety of points of view, often contrasting, and the attempt to go beyond the conventional approaches to the analysis, and the planning of the city. While focussing mainly on the European (and in particular Italian) context, the discussion is of general relevance and valuable to anyone concerned with the prospects for the city in the new millenium.
Download or read book Studies in Arabic Versions of Greek Texts and in Mediaeval Science written by Shlomo Pines and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2024-01-08 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume I : Studies in the Philosophy of Abu'l- Barakāt al-Baghdādī, deals with various aspects of the philosophy of Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdadi. Some of Avicenna's physical and psychological doctrines are also discussed.
Download or read book Advances in Chemical Physics Special Volume in Memory of Ilya Prigogine Volume 135 written by Stuart A. Rice and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-04-10 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series provides the chemical physics field with a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations of advances in every area of the discipline. This stand-alone special topics volume reports recent advances in electron-transfer research with significant, up-to-date chapters by internationally recognized researchers.
Download or read book Les sciences humaines dans le centre de l art written by CORDONNIER Sarah and published by Lavoisier. This book was released on 2012-09-24 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cet ouvrage propose de décrypter le rôle des sciences humaines dans l’art contemporain au fil de son développement et de son institutionnalisation en France. Cette approche communicationnelle s’intéresse aussi bien aux pratiques qu’aux discours, aux dispositifs (comme l’exposition) qu’aux représentations (en particulier des sciences). Comment observer les sciences humaines dans le champ artistique, alors que leur réception, leurs réappropriations, ne sont pas visibles de manière immédiate ? Comment rendre compte d’un usage collectif de ces savoirs et, donc, les situer dans des règles et normes partagées par les acteurs de l’art contemporain ? Comment repérer et analyser les manières différenciées d’y recourir dans ce cadre commun ? Par l’observation et l’examen détaillé des centres d’art et des expositions d’art contemporain, Les sciences humaines dans le centre d’art vise à éclairer la circulation sociale des savoirs et les manières de l’étudier.
Download or read book Revue europ enne des Sciences sociales et Cahiers Vilfredo Pareto written by and published by Librairie Droz. This book was released on 1985 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences Volume 6 written by Russell McCormmach and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-14 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This sixth volume of Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences presents articles by ten eminent scholars on the intellectual and social history of the physical sciences from the eighteenth century to the present. CONTENTS The Emergence of Japan's First Physicists: 1868-1900 (Kenkichiro Koizumi) The Reception of the Wave Theory of Light in Britain: A Case Study Illustrating the Role of Methodology in Scientific Debate (Geoffrey Cantor) Origins and Consolidation of Field Theory in Nineteenth Century Britain: From the Mechanical to the Electromagnetic View of Nature (Barbara Giusti Doran) Hertz's Researches on Electromagnetic Waves (Salvo D'Agostino) God and Nature: Priestley's Way of Rational Dissent (J. G. McEvoy and J. E. McGuire) Laurent, Gerhardt, and the Philosophy of Chemistry (John Hedley Brooke) The Lewis-Langrnuir Theory of Valence and the Chemical Community, 1920-1928 (Robert E. Kohler, Jr.) G. N. Lewis on Detailed Balancing, the Symmetry of Time, and the Nature of Light (Roger H. Stuewer) Rutherford and Recoil Atoms: The Metamorphosis and Success of a Once Stillborn Theory (Thaddeus J. Trenn) Originally published in 1976. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Download or read book Self organization and Emergence in Life Sciences written by Bernard Feltz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-07-10 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Self-organization constitutes one of the most important theoretical debates in contemporary life sciences. The present book explores the relevance of the concept of self-organization and its impact on such scientific fields as: immunology, neurosciences, ecology and theories of evolution. Historical aspects of the issue are also broached. Intuitions relative to self-organization can be found in the works of such key western philosophical figures as Aristotle, Leibniz and Kant. Interacting with more recent authors and cybernetics, self-organization represents a notion in keeping with the modern world's discovery of radical complexity. The themes of teleology and emergence are analyzed by philosophers of sciences with regards to the issues of modelization and scientific explanation. The implications of self-organization for life sciences are here approached from an interdisciplinary angle, revealing the notion as already rewarding and full of promise for the future.
Download or read book Relativity Principles and Theories from Galileo to Einstein written by Olivier Darrigol and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-12-22 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motion is always relative to some thing. Is this thing a concrete body like the earth, is it an abstract space, or is it an imagined frame? Do the laws of physics depend on the choice of reference? It there a choice for which the laws are simplest? Is this choice unique? Is there a physical cause for the choice made? These questions traverse the history of modern physics from Galileo to Einstein. The answers involved Galilean relativity, Newton's absolute space, the purely relational concepts of Descartes, Leibniz, and Mach, and many forgotten uses of relativity principles in mechanics, optics, and electrodynamics - until the relativity theories of Poincaré, Einstein, Minkowksi, and Laue radically redefined space and time to satisfy universal kinds of relativity. Accordingly, this book retraces the emergence of relativity principles in early modern mechanics, documents their constructive use in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century mechanics, optics, and electrodynamics, and gives a well-rooted account of the genesis of special and general relativity in the early twentieth century. As an exercise in long-term history, it demonstrates the connectivity of issues and approaches across several centuries, despite enormous changes in context and culture. As an account of the genesis of relativity theories, it brings unprecedented clarity and fullness by broadening the spectrum of resources on which the principal actors drew.
