Download or read book Taxation the State and Society written by Marc Leroy and published by P.I.E-Peter Lang S.A., Editions Scientifiques Internationales. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the relationship between taxation, the State and society in democracy. Fiscal sociology is a broad social science in terms of its disciplines: law, economics, sociology, political science, management, economics, psychology etc. are mobilized. Fiscal sociology is general because it tackles a wide range of problems: genesis, development and crisis of the State, policy factors (ideas, institutions, division of left and right, lobbying etc.), vote-catching of the ruling elite, resilience of the welfare State, neo-liberal ideology of market efficiency, impact of capitalist globalization, democratic political choices and constraints on the functions of the interventionist State etc. It is empirical in terms of understanding the financing of public action: social division of society by the tax policy, growth of public expenditure, bureaucratic labelling of the tax deviance, budget performance, rationality of taxpayers, complex rules etc. It analyses the incoherence of a societal regulation of globalization: redistribution and inequalities of incomes, tax competition between the States, tax havens, tax planning and relocations of the multinational groups, action of the European Union, the OECD etc. It studies the conditions for a tax citizenbased conception of a democratic social contract.

Download or read book The Gold Standard in Theory and Practice written by Ralph George Hawtrey and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1931 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on lectures which Hawtrey delivered in 1926 for the Institute of Bankers, his book describes ...what [the Gold Standard] is, how it works, why it broke down, and what ought to be done.

Download or read book The Effects of Financial Crises on the Binding Force of Contracts Renegotiation Rescission or Revision written by Başak Başoğlu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-25 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about one of the most controversial dilemmas of contract law: whether or not the unexpected change of circumstances due to the effects of financial crises may under certain conditions be taken into account. Growing interconnectedness of global economies facilitates the spread of the effects of the financial crises. Financial crises cause severe difficulties for persons to fulfill their contractual obligations. During the financial crises, performance of contractual obligations may become excessively onerous or may cause an excessive loss for one of the contracting parties and consequently destroy the contractual equilibrium and legitimate the governmental interventions. Uncomfortable economic climate leads to one of the most controversial dilemmas of the contract law: whether the binding force of the contract is absolute or not. In other words, unstable economic circumstances impose the need to devote special attention to review and perhaps to narrow the binding nature of a contract. Principle of good faith and fair dealing motivate a variety of theoretical bases in order to overcome the legal consequences of financial crises. In this book, all these theoretical bases are analyzed with special focus on the available remedies, namely renegotiation, rescission or revision and the circumstances which enables the revocation of these remedies. The book collects the 19 national reports and the general report originally presented in the session regarding the Effects of Financial Crises on the Binding Force of Contracts: Renegotiation, Rescission or Revision during the XIXth congress of the International Academy of Comparative Law, held in Vienna, July 2014.

Download or read book Terra 2008 written by Leslie Rainer and published by Getty Publications. This book was released on 2011-06-14 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthen architecture constitutes one of the most diverse forms of cultural heritage and one of the most challenging to preserve. It dates from all periods and is found on all continents but is particularly prevalent in Africa, where it has been a building tradition for centuries. Sites range from ancestral cities in Mali to the palaces of Abomey in Benin, from monuments and mosques in Iran and Buddhist temples on the Silk Road to Spanish missions in California. This volume's sixty-four papers address such themes as earthen architecture in Mali, the conservation of living sites, local knowledge systems and intangible aspects, seismic and other natural forces, the conservation and management of archaeological sites, research advances, and training.

Download or read book Innovate Bristol written by Sven Boermeester and published by . This book was released on 2019-12 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovate Bristol highlights and celebrates those companies and individuals that are actively working at building a better tomorrow for all. Innovation Ecosystems thrive through the involvement and support of companies and individuals from all industries, which is why the Innovate series not only focuses on the innovators but also those people whom the Innovation Ecosystem, would not be able to thrive without.

Download or read book Financing Political Parties and Election Campaigns written by Ingrid van Biezen and published by Council of Europe. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On cover & title page: Integrated project "Making democratic institutions work"

Download or read book Philosophy manual a South South perspective written by Chanthalangsy, Phinith and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2014-12-31 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book African women Pan Africanism and African renaissance written by Serbin, Sylvia and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2015-11-09 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Public Economics written by Martin Feldstein and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-01-25 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Field of Public Economics has been changing rapidly in recent years, and the sixteen chapters contained in this Handbook survey many of the new developments. As a field, Public Economics is defined by its objectives rather than its techniques and much of what is new is the application of modern methods of economic theory and econometrics to problems that have been addressed by economists for over two hundred years. More generally, the discussion of public finance issues also involves elements of political science, finance and philosophy. These connections are evidence in several of the chapters that follow. Public Economics is the positive and normative study of government's effect on the economy. We attempt to explain why government behaves as it does, how its behavior influences the behavior of private firms and households, and what the welfare effects of such changes in behavior are. Following Musgrave (1959) one may imagine three purposes for government intervention in the economy: allocation, when market failure causes the private outcome to be Pareto inefficient, distribution, when the private market outcome leaves some individuals with unacceptably low shares in the fruits of the economy, and stabilization, when the private market outcome leaves some of the economy's resources underutilized. The recent trend in economic research has tended to emphasize the character of stabilization problems as problems of allocation in the labor market. The effects that government intervention can have on the allocation and distribution of an economy's resources are described in terms of efficiency and incidence effects. These are the primary measures used to evaluate the welfare effects of government policy.

Download or read book Fiscal Federalism in Switzerland written by Bernard Dafflon and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Its highly fragmented structure of local governments and serious horizontal fiscal imbalances make Switzerland a surprisingly powerful model for Eastern European countries that are currently facing the challenge of fiscal decentralization. In spite of the substantial differences in the tradition and current practice of intergovernmental fiscal relations, transition economies may learn valuable lessons from the Swiss case in the fields of direct democracy, horizontal cooperation, expenditure and revenue assignment, and fiscal discipline. Among other conclusions, the authors suggest that subnational authorities can effectively fend off recentralization attempts of the central government if they engage in spontaneous cooperation to enhance the efficiency of public service provision. Together with an adequate fiscal equalization scheme, interjurisdictional cooperation also permits the reconciliation of the objective of an increasing devolution of powers with the existing regional disparities. The authors also show that the principle of subsidiarity can best be safeguarded by anchoring the expenditure and revenue powers of subnational governments in the constitution or in a similarly strong law. With regard to fiscal discipline, the combination of a "golden rule" with direct democratic instruments of budget control is proven to be successful in enhancing the accountability of local politicians toward their constituencies.

Download or read book Beyond Freedom and Dignity written by B. F. Skinner and published by Hackett Publishing. This book was released on 2002-03-15 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this profound and profoundly controversial work, a landmark of 20th-century thought originally published in 1971, B. F. Skinner makes his definitive statement about humankind and society. Insisting that the problems of the world today can be solved only by dealing much more effectively with human behavior, Skinner argues that our traditional concepts of freedom and dignity must be sharply revised. They have played an important historical role in our struggle against many kinds of tyranny, he acknowledges, but they are now responsible for the futile defense of a presumed free and autonomous individual; they are perpetuating our use of punishment and blocking the development of more effective cultural practices. Basing his arguments on the massive results of the experimental analysis of behavior he pioneered, Skinner rejects traditional explanations of behavior in terms of states of mind, feelings, and other mental attributes in favor of explanations to be sought in the interaction between genetic endowment and personal history. He argues that instead of promoting freedom and dignity as personal attributes, we should direct our attention to the physical and social environments in which people live. It is the environment rather than humankind itself that must be changed if the traditional goals of the struggle for freedom and dignity are to be reached. Beyond Freedom and Dignity urges us to reexamine the ideals we have taken for granted and to consider the possibility of a radically behaviorist approach to human problems--one that has appeared to some incompatible with those ideals, but which envisions the building of a world in which humankind can attain its greatest possible achievements.

Download or read book Gone with the Headwinds written by Gustavo Adler and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-04-03 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: to come

Download or read book Top Incomes written by A. B. Atkinson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-04 with total page 799 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together an exciting range of new studies of top incomes in a wide range of countries from around the world. The studies use data from income tax records to cast light on the dramatic changes that have taken place at the top of the income distribution. The results cover 22 countries and have a long time span, going back to 1875.

Download or read book Under Development Gender written by C. Verschuur and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-30 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite various decades of research and claim-making by feminist scholars and movements, gender remains an overlooked area in development studies. Looking at key issues in development studies through the prisms of gender and feminism, the authors demonstrate that gender is an indispensable tool for social change.

Download or read book Tax Systems written by Joel Slemrod and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2013-12-13 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An approach to taxation that goes beyond an emphasis on tax rates to consider such aspects as administration, compliance, and remittance. Despite its theoretical elegance, the standard optimal tax model has significant limitations. In this book, Joel Slemrod and Christian Gillitzer argue that tax analysis must move beyond the emphasis on optimal tax rates and bases to consider such aspects of taxation as administration, compliance, and remittance. Slemrod and Gillitzer explore what they term a tax-systems approach, which takes tax evasion seriously; revisits the issue of remittance, or who writes the check to cover tax liability (employer or employee, retailer or consumer); incorporates administrative and compliance costs; recognizes a range of behavioral responses to tax rates; considers nonstandard instruments, including tax base breadth and enforcement effort; and acknowledges that tighter enforcement is sometimes a more socially desirable way to raise revenue than an increase in statutory tax rates. Policy makers, Slemrod and Gillitzer argue, would be well advised to recognize the interrelationship of tax rates, bases, enforcement, and administration, and acknowledge that tax policy is really tax-systems policy.

Download or read book Tax Compliance Costs Measurement and Policy written by Cedric Sandford and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conference papers presented at a conference held at St. John's College, Oxford, 18-20 September 1994. Topics discussed: tax compliance costs in United Kingdom policy-making; large-scale surveys on taxpayers; depth surveys of taxpayers and tax professionals.

Download or read book Personal Wealth in Britan written by Atkinson and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1978-02-09 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monograph examining evidence on the distribution of private sector wealth in the UK - documents the wealth-holdings of the top wealth group and trends over the past 50 years and provides a statistical analysis of the implications for income distribution and capital tax policies. Bibliography pp. 318 to 323, graphs and statistical tables.