Download or read book L arabe dans tous ses tats La m thode avec fichiers audio written by Frédéric Imbert and published by Editions Ellipses. This book was released on 2022-08-09 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L’arabe dans tous ses états est une méthode d’arabe littéral en 10 leçons destinée aux étudiants et adultes, grands débutants, débutants ou faux-débutants désirant atteindre le niveau B1 du CECRL. Elle comprend tous les outils permettant un apprentissage en autonomie. Abordant à la fois les registres de l’arabe écrit contemporain et classique, elle sera utile tant pour comprendre la langue actuelle, utilisée dans la presse, les médias, la littérature ou encore les réseaux sociaux, que pour accéder au riche patrimoine littéraire, historique ou religieux. Véritable outil pratique, cette méthode très riche propose : • des textes thématiques expliqués dans le détail (phrase par phrase), commentés et traduits • des leçons de grammaire complètes avec, au total, 137 exercices corrigés • des enregistrements audio à télécharger gratuitement sur le site des éditions Ellipses Les plus : • La grammaire est présentée de manière réaliste : des normes classiques aux évolutions les plus récentes • Les textes étudiés permettent d’aborder des notions culturelles très diverses, relatives à la langue arabe ou à l’histoire du monde arabo-musulman. En bonus : • un précis de conjugaison • des index permettant de l’utiliser comme un véritable manuel de grammaire
Download or read book L arabe dans tous ses tats Niveau A1 vers B1 written by Imbert and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book L arabe dans tous ses tats written by Frédéric Imbert and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Al Alif Premiers pas en arabe 2e dition revue et compl t e Avec fichiers audio et texte vocalis written by César Sakr and published by Editions Ellipses. This book was released on 2018-10-02 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Destiné aux débutants, faux débutants et autodidactes, cet ouvrage d’initiation à la langue arabe permet, de façon progressive et systématique, de découvrir l’alphabet arabe, d’en maîtriser l’écriture et la prononciation mais aussi de former des premières phrases. Revue et complétée, cette 2e édition se compose de 242 séquences de travail proposant notamment : - des notions clés à retenir ; - du vocabulaire exprimant les actions et les choses de la vie courante ; - de nombreux exercices variés (écriture, traduction, conjugaison, étymologie) ; - une présentation de quelques aspects fondamentaux de la culture arabe ; - une trentaine de fichiers audio à écouter ; - 26 tests de niveau. LES ATOUTS - de nombreux espaces pour écrire ; - texte arabe entièrement vocalisé ; - un lexique arabe-français reprenant l’ensemble du vocabulaire de l’ouvrage ; - une trentaine d’exercices corrigés pour s’assurer de la maîtrise des notions abordées. BONUS Retrouvez et téléchargez gratuitement sur le site des éditions Ellipses (www.editions-ellipses.fr) l’ensemble des fichiers audio MP3.
Download or read book Arabe Audio en Parall le Facilement Apprendre l arabe Avec 501 Phrases en Audio en Parall le written by Lingo Jump and published by . This book was released on 2018-09-05 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Durée : 10 h et 33 minParlons Nous vous ferons parler l'arabe en un rien de temps ! La méthode audio d'apprentissage des langues de Lingo Jump facilite l'apprentissage de l'arabe à votre guise. Que vous vous détendiez ou que vous soyez en déplacement, nos leçons audio simples, claires et ludiques vous aident à apprendre en imitant nos conférenciers. Plongez-vous dans la langue arabe en toute confiance - nous sommes là pour vous aider à parler arabe en utilisant des phrases que vous apprendrez facilement grâce à l'audio en parallèle.Écoutez et apprenez L'audio en parallèle est la clé de la méthodologie d'apprentissage des langues de Lingo Jump. Grâce à la répétition de mots et de phrases clairement prononcés à un rythme facile à suivre, vous trouverez non seulement plus facile de comprendre et de parler l'arabe, mais aussi d'améliorer votre mémoire, d'améliorer vos capacités d'écoute et de choisir le bon accent. Nos conférenciers suivent un modèle de discours spécifique tout au long de l'audiobook, rendant les phrases prévisibles et vous aidant à comprendre les mots et les phrases en contexte. Vous restez uniquement concentré sur l'arabe, sans aucune musique de fond distrayante.Parlez comme un local Nous savons que tout le monde ne parle pas de la même manière. Les dialectes, les tempos et les accents peuvent varier selon les régions d'un pays et même entre les quartiers d'une ville. Ainsi, lorsque vous commencerez, vous entendrez nos narrateurs dans l'audiobook utiliser différentes intonations de phrases répétées, les ralentir, les accélérer et mettre l'accent sur différentes parties des phrases. Cela aide à accélérer votre capacité à comprendre et à parler arabe naturellement.Rapide, sans effort et ludique ! La méthode audio unique d'apprentissage de langue de Lingo Jump combine la répétition, des vitesses différentes et des modèles de discours prévisibles. Le fait de simplement écouter les phrases répétées vous aide à choisir les langues par instinct, préparant votre cerveau pour les modèles répétés d'une langue. C'est comme si nous vous lancions une balle de la même manière sans cesse afin que vous puissiez sous peu l'attraper sans y penser.Parfait pour tous les niveaux Lingo Jump est idéal pour permettre aux débutants de parler arabe presque immédiatement. La méthode audio parallèle aide également les intermédiaires et les confirmés à devenir bilingue.Au fur et à mesure que vous progressez, la méthode audio parallèle vous permet de répéter les phrases à leur tempo naturel, en supprimant les versions les plus lentes. Vous pourrez mettre à l'épreuve vos nouvelles capacités d'écoute et de compréhension dans les derniers chapitres, où vous écouterez les phrases sans aucun son en parallèle. Cette fonctionnalité motivante vous aide à suivre vos progrès et vous permet de parler l'arabe en toute confiance.Une auto-amélioration rapide Nous avons conçu les deux premiers chapitres afin de permettre une immersion facile. Nos conférenciers décomposent chaque mot en syllabes distinctes et parlent lentement. Cela vous aide à saisir toutes les nuances de l'arabe, ce qui vous permet d'améliorer vos compétences d'écoute et d'expression orale par vous-même.Apprenez n'importe où Nous avons spécifiquement développé notre cours d'arabe pour l'apprentissage audio afin que vous puissiez effectuer d'autres tâches tout en apprenant une nouvelle langue. Vous pouvez apprendre pendant que vous courez, travaillez, marchez, conduisez, ou même lorsque vous faites votre ménage. Notre méthode d'apprentissage audio parallèle vous apprend l'arabe où que vous soyez, sans avoir besoin d'un manuel de référence.
Download or read book Arabe Audio en Parall le Facilement Apprendre l arabe Avec 501 Phrases en Audio en Parall le written by Lingo Jump and published by . This book was released on 2018-03-25 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ParlonsNous vous ferons parler l'arabe en un rien de temps ! La méthode audio d'apprentissage des langues de Lingo Jump facilite l'apprentissage de l'arabe à votre guise. Que vous vous détendiez ou que vous soyez en déplacement, nos leçons audio simples, claires et ludiques vous aident à apprendre en imitant nos conférenciers. Plongez-vous dans la langue arabe en toute confiance - nous sommes là pour vous aider à parler arabe en utilisant des phrases que vous apprendrez facilement grâce à l'audio en parallèle.Écoutez et apprenezL'audio en parallèle est la clé de la méthodologie d'apprentissage des langues de Lingo Jump. Grâce à la répétition de mots et de phrases clairement prononcés à un rythme facile à suivre, vous trouverez non seulement plus facile de comprendre et de parler l'arabe, mais aussi d'améliorer votre mémoire, d'améliorer vos capacités d'écoute et de choisir le bon accent. Nos conférenciers suivent un modèle de discours spécifique tout au long de l'audiobook, rendant les phrases prévisibles et vous aidant à comprendre les mots et les phrases en contexte. Vous restez uniquement concentré sur l'arabe, sans aucune musique de fond distrayante.Parlez comme un localNous savons que tout le monde ne parle pas de la même manière. Les dialectes, les tempos et les accents peuvent varier selon les régions d'un pays et même entre les quartiers d'une ville. Ainsi, lorsque vous commencerez, vous entendrez nos narrateurs dans l'audiobook utiliser différentes intonations de phrases répétées, les ralentir, les accélérer et mettre l'accent sur différentes parties des phrases. Cela aide à accélérer votre capacité à comprendre et à parler arabe naturellement.Rapide, sans effort et ludique !La méthode audio unique d'apprentissage de langue de Lingo Jump combine la répétition, des vitesses différentes et des modèles de discours prévisibles. Le fait de simplement écouter les phrases répétées vous aide à choisir les langues par instinct, préparant votre cerveau pour les modèles répétés d'une langue. C'est comme si nous vous lancions une balle de la même manière sans cesse afin que vous puissiez sous peu l'attraper sans y penser.Parfait pour tous les niveaux Lingo Jump est idéal pour permettre aux débutants de parler arabe presque immédiatement. La méthode audio parallèle aide également les intermédiaires et les confirmés à devenir bilingue.Au fur et à mesure que vous progressez, la méthode audio parallèle vous permet de répéter les phrases à leur tempo naturel, en supprimant les versions les plus lentes. Vous pourrez mettre à l'épreuve vos nouvelles capacités d'écoute et de compréhension dans les derniers chapitres, où vous écouterez les phrases sans aucun son en parallèle. Cette fonctionnalité motivante vous aide à suivre vos progrès et vous permet de parler l'arabe en toute confiance.Une auto-amélioration rapide Nous avons conçu les deux premiers chapitres afin de permettre une immersion facile. Nos conférenciers décomposent chaque mot en syllabes distinctes et parlent lentement. Cela vous aide à saisir toutes les nuances de l'arabe, ce qui vous permet d'améliorer vos compétences d'écoute et d'expression orale par vous-même.Apprenez n'importe où Nous avons spécifiquement développé notre cours d'arabe pour l'apprentissage audio afin que vous puissiez effectuer d'autres tâches tout en apprenant une nouvelle langue. Vous pouvez apprendre pendant que vous courez, travaillez, marchez, conduisez, ou même lorsque vous faites votre ménage. Notre méthode d'apprentissage audio parallèle vous apprend l'arabe où que vous soyez, sans avoir besoin d'un manuel de référence.
Download or read book Historical Dictionary of the Berbers Imazighen written by Hsain Ilahiane and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Berbers, also known as Imazighen, are the ancient inhabitants of North Africa, but rarely have they formed an actual kingdom or separate nation state. Ranging anywhere between 15-50 million, depending on how they are classified, the Berbers have influenced the culture and religion of Roman North Africa and played key roles in the spread of Islam and its culture in North Africa, Spain, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Taken together, these dynamics have over time converted to redefine the field of Berber identity and its socio-political representations and symbols, making it an even more important issue in the 21st century. This second edition of Historical Dictionary of the Berbers contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 200 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, places, events, institutions, and aspects of culture, society, economy, and politics. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the Berbers.
Download or read book Twilight written by Stephenie Meyer and published by Little, Brown Books for Young Readers. This book was released on 2007-07-18 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fall in love with the addictive, suspenseful love story between a teenage girl and a vampire with the book that sparked a "literary phenomenon" and redefined romance for a generation (New York Times). Isabella Swan's move to Forks, a small, perpetually rainy town in Washington, could have been the most boring move she ever made. But once she meets the mysterious and alluring Edward Cullen, Isabella's life takes a thrilling and terrifying turn. Up until now, Edward has managed to keep his vampire identity a secret in the small community he lives in, but now nobody is safe, especially Isabella, the person Edward holds most dear. The lovers find themselves balanced precariously on the point of a knife -- between desire and danger. Deeply romantic and extraordinarily suspenseful, Twilight captures the struggle between defying our instincts and satisfying our desires. This is a love story with bite. It's here! #1 bestselling author Stephenie Meyer makes a triumphant return to the world of Twilight with the highly anticipated companion, Midnight Sun: the iconic love story of Bella and Edward told from the vampire's point of view. "People do not want to just read Meyer's books; they want to climb inside them and live there." -- Time "A literary phenomenon." -- The New York Times
Download or read book Bayesian Analysis in Natural Language Processing written by Shay Cohen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-10 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural language processing (NLP) went through a profound transformation in the mid-1980s when it shifted to make heavy use of corpora and data-driven techniques to analyze language. Since then, the use of statistical techniques in NLP has evolved in several ways. One such example of evolution took place in the late 1990s or early 2000s, when full-fledged Bayesian machinery was introduced to NLP. This Bayesian approach to NLP has come to accommodate for various shortcomings in the frequentist approach and to enrich it, especially in the unsupervised setting, where statistical learning is done without target prediction examples. We cover the methods and algorithms that are needed to fluently read Bayesian learning papers in NLP and to do research in the area. These methods and algorithms are partially borrowed from both machine learning and statistics and are partially developed "in-house" in NLP. We cover inference techniques such as Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling and variational inference, Bayesian estimation, and nonparametric modeling. We also cover fundamental concepts in Bayesian statistics such as prior distributions, conjugacy, and generative modeling. Finally, we cover some of the fundamental modeling techniques in NLP, such as grammar modeling and their use with Bayesian analysis.
Download or read book Machine Translation written by Thierry Poibeau and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise, nontechnical overview of the development of machine translation, including the different approaches, evaluation issues, and major players in the industry. The dream of a universal translation device goes back many decades, long before Douglas Adams's fictional Babel fish provided this service in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. Since the advent of computers, research has focused on the design of digital machine translation tools—computer programs capable of automatically translating a text from a source language to a target language. This has become one of the most fundamental tasks of artificial intelligence. This volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series offers a concise, nontechnical overview of the development of machine translation, including the different approaches, evaluation issues, and market potential. The main approaches are presented from a largely historical perspective and in an intuitive manner, allowing the reader to understand the main principles without knowing the mathematical details. The book begins by discussing problems that must be solved during the development of a machine translation system and offering a brief overview of the evolution of the field. It then takes up the history of machine translation in more detail, describing its pre-digital beginnings, rule-based approaches, the 1966 ALPAC (Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee) report and its consequences, the advent of parallel corpora, the example-based paradigm, the statistical paradigm, the segment-based approach, the introduction of more linguistic knowledge into the systems, and the latest approaches based on deep learning. Finally, it considers evaluation challenges and the commercial status of the field, including activities by such major players as Google and Systran.
Download or read book Ecritures digitales written by Claire Clivaz and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecritures digitales aims to demonstrate how digital writing, as new technology, contributes to the emergence of a reconfigured relationship between the human body and the machines, and how this transition influences the Jewish-Christian textual corpus referred to as "the Scriptures". Ecritures digitales souhaite démontrer de quelle manière l'écriture digitale, en tant que nouvelle technologie, contribue à l'émergence d'une relation innovante entre le corps humain et les machines, et influence le corpus textuel judéo-chrétien désigné comme «les Ecritures».
Download or read book Introduction to Arabic Natural Language Processing written by Nizar Y. Habash and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides system developers and researchers in natural language processing and computational linguistics with the necessary background information for working with the Arabic language. The goal is to introduce Arabic linguistic phenomena and review the state-of-the-art in Arabic processing. The book discusses Arabic script, phonology, orthography, morphology, syntax and semantics, with a final chapter on machine translation issues. The chapter sizes correspond more or less to what is linguistically distinctive about Arabic, with morphology getting the lion's share, followed by Arabic script. No previous knowledge of Arabic is needed. This book is designed for computer scientists and linguists alike. The focus of the book is on Modern Standard Arabic; however, notes on practical issues related to Arabic dialects and languages written in the Arabic script are presented in different chapters. Table of Contents: What is "Arabic"? / Arabic Script / Arabic Phonology and Orthography / Arabic Morphology / Computational Morphology Tasks / Arabic Syntax / A Note on Arabic Semantics / A Note on Arabic and Machine Translation
Download or read book A Frequency Dictionary of French written by Deryle Lonsdale and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-03-25 with total page 974 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Frequency Dictionary of French is an invaluable tool for all learners of French, providing a list of the 5000 most frequently used words in the language. Based on a 23-million-word corpus of French which includes written and spoken material both from France and overseas, this dictionary provides the user with detailed information for each of the 5000 entries, including English equivalents, a sample sentence, its English translation, usage statistics, and an indication of register variation. Users can access the top 5000 words either through the main frequency listing or through an alphabetical index. Throughout the frequency listing there are thematically-organized lists of the top words from a variety of key topics such as sports, weather, clothing, and family terms. An engaging and highly useful resource, the Frequency Dictionary of French will enable students of all levels to get the most out of their study of French vocabulary. Former CD content is now available to access at www.routledge.com/9780415775311 as support material. Designed for use by corpus and computational linguists it provides the full text in a format that researchers can process and turn into suitable lists for their own research work. Deryle Lonsdale is Associate Professor in the Linguistics and English Language Department at Brigham Young University (Provo, Utah). Yvon Le Bras is Associate Professor of French and Department Chair of the French and Italian Department at Brigham Young University (Provo, Utah).
Download or read book A Research Agenda for DSM V written by David J. Kupfer and published by American Psychiatric Pub. This book was released on 2002 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Produced as a partnership between the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and the National Institute on Drug Abuse, this thought-provoking collection of white papers: Examines nomenclature issues. Reviews genetic, brain imaging, postmortem, and animal model research and includes strategic insights for a new research agenda Outlines recent progress in developmental neuroscience, genetics, psychology, psychopathology, and epidemiology, focusing on the turbulent first two decades of life. Suggests a research agenda for personality disorders that uses a dimensional rather than the current categorical approach to diagnosis. Proposes a research agenda to evaluate the clinical utility and validity of adding relational disorders to DSM-IV. Reevaluates the relationship between mental disorders and disability, proposing that diagnosis and disability be uncoupled. Examines the importance of culture in psychopathology and the main cultural variables at play in the diagnostic process.
Download or read book Architecture of Counterrevolution written by Samia Henni and published by GTA Verlag. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After over 120 years of French colonial rule in Algeria, the growing aspirations for independence culminated in the Algerian Revolution of 1954, which lasted until 1962. In order to combat the uprisings, the French civilian and military authorities reorganised the entire territory of the country, swiftly erected new infrastructures and pursued building policies that were ultimately intended to stabilize French dominance in Algeria.The study describes the architectural responses undertaken in the midst of this protracted and bloody armed conflict. It analyses their origins, evolutions and objectives, identifies the actors involved and reveals the underlying design methods.
Download or read book Natural Language Understanding in a Semantic Web Context written by Caroline Barrière and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book serves as a starting point for Semantic Web (SW) students and researchers interested in discovering what Natural Language Processing (NLP) has to offer. NLP can effectively help uncover the large portions of data held as unstructured text in natural language, thus augmenting the real content of the Semantic Web in a significant and lasting way. The book covers the basics of NLP, with a focus on Natural Language Understanding (NLU), referring to semantic processing, information extraction and knowledge acquisition, which are seen as the key links between the SW and NLP communities. Major emphasis is placed on mining sentences in search of entities and relations. In the course of this “quest", challenges will be encountered for various text analysis tasks, including part-of-speech tagging, parsing, semantic disambiguation, named entity recognition and relation extraction. Standard algorithms associated with these tasks are presented to provide an understanding of the fundamental concepts. Furthermore, the importance of experimental design and result analysis is emphasized, and accordingly, most chapters include small experiments on corpus data with quantitative and qualitative analysis of the results. This book is divided into four parts. Part I “Searching for Entities in Text” is dedicated to the search for entities in textual data. Next, Part II “Working with Corpora” investigates corpora as valuable resources for NLP work. In turn, Part III “Semantic Grounding and Relatedness” focuses on the process of linking surface forms found in text to entities in resources. Finally, Part IV “Knowledge Acquisition” delves into the world of relations and relation extraction. The book also includes three appendices: “A Look into the Semantic Web” gives a brief overview of the Semantic Web and is intended to bring readers less familiar with the Semantic Web up to speed, so that they too can fully benefit from the material of this book. “NLP Tools and Platforms” provides information about NLP platforms and tools, while “Relation Lists” gathers lists of relations under different categories, showing how relations can be varied and serve different purposes. And finally, the book includes a glossary of over 200 terms commonly used in NLP. The book offers a valuable resource for graduate students specializing in SW technologies and professionals looking for new tools to improve the applicability of SW techniques in everyday life – or, in short, everyone looking to learn about NLP in order to expand his or her horizons. It provides a wealth of information for readers new to both fields, helping them understand the underlying principles and the challenges they may encounter.
Download or read book French Language Policies and the Revitalisation of Regional Languages in the 21st Century written by Michelle A. Harrison and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-11 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume presents an analysis of the evolution of French language policies and their impact on French regional languages and their communities. It gathers studies on language revitalisation from several territorial minority languages (Breton, Alsatian, Catalan, Occitan, Basque, Corsican, Francoprovençal, Picard, Reunionese) and evaluates the challenges and opportunities that they face in the 21st century. The chapters tackle different aspects of language endangerment and language planning and adopt varied theoretical and methodological approaches. The first section of the book reconsiders the difficulties in establishing linguistic boundaries and classification for some regional languages. The second section examines the important theme of the new generation of speakers with issues of transmission and identity formation and the changes they can bring to traditional communities. The third section highlights new developments in the context of new technologies and the heightened visibility of regional languages. Finally, the last section presents an overview of the contemporary situation of minority language revitalisation in France and synthesises the key trends identified in this volume: from the educational domain to the European Charter for Minority and Regional languages. This book will appeal to students and scholars of the sociology of language, sociolinguistics, language policy, minority languages and language endangerment.
