Download or read book Kinetics of Phase Transfer Catalyzed Polymerization with Sonication written by M. Rajendran and published by . This book was released on 2023-03-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polymerization and Organic Reactions Kinetic written by M. Sathiyaraj and published by . This book was released on 2023-05-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book "Polymerization and Organic Reactions Kinetic" by M. Sathiyaraj covers a comprehensive overview of various topics related to polymerization and organic reactions kinetics. It delves into the study of polymer synthesis, macromolecules, monomers, oligomers, block copolymers, crosslinking, chain extension, branching, and polymer properties. The book covers various topics such as phase transfer catalysis, sonication, kinetic study, reaction kinetics, reaction mechanism, catalysts, surfactants, quaternary ammonium salts, crown ethers, chelating agents, ligands, and organic synthesis. The book also covers aspects of green chemistry, reaction optimization, reaction modeling, reaction monitoring, reaction control, reaction selectivity, reaction efficiency, reaction yield, reaction rate, reaction intermediates, reaction products, reaction pathway, reaction stability, and reaction conditions. It also focuses on important parameters such as reaction temperature, reaction pressure, reaction time, reaction scale-up, and reaction scaling. The book highlights the importance of understanding the kinetics of polymerization and organic reactions to control the reaction conditions and optimize the reaction yield, selectivity, and efficiency. It provides a detailed description of various techniques used for polymerization and organic reactions, along with their mechanisms and intermediates. The book is a useful resource for students and researchers working in the field of polymer science, organic chemistry, and chemical engineering. It provides a deep insight into the fundamentals of polymerization and organic reactions kinetics, and how they can be applied to achieve desired polymer properties and characteristics.
Download or read book Crown Ethers and Phase Transfer Catalysis in Polymer Science written by Lon Mathias and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-22 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phase transfer catalysis or interfacial catalysis is a syn thetic technique involving transport of an organic or inorganic salt from a solid or aqueous phase into an organic liquid where reaction with an organic-soluble substrate takes place. Over the past 15 years there has been an enormous amount of effort invested in the development of this technique in organic synthe sis. Several books and numerous review articles have appeared summarizing applications in which low molecular weight catalysts are employed. These generally include either crown ethers or onium salts of various kinds. While the term phase transfer catalysis is relatively new, the concept of using a phasetrans fer agent (PTA) is much older~ Both Schnell and Morgan employed such catalysts in synthesis of polymeric species in the early 1950's. Present developments are really extensions of these early applications. It has only been within the last several years that the use of phase transfer processes have been employed in polymer synthesis and modification. Similarly, the use of polymer-bound phase transfer agents is also a recent development. These and related areas have nonetheless enjoyed explosive growth as mea sured by the number of publications and the variety of applica tions which have appeared. Several reviews dealing with these l 6 polymer-related investigations have been published.
Download or read book Kinetics of Ziegler Natta Polymerization written by Tominaga Keii and published by Kluwer Academic Publishers. This book was released on 1972 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science written by Rajender Boddula and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-06-19 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science: Sonochemical Organic Synthesis focuses on purification and extraction of organic, biological, and medicinal compounds using sonochemistry. It provides readers with an understanding of green ultrasound-assisted chemical synthesis for industrial applications. This book systematically explores the application of ultrasound in organic synthesis of all types and includes stereoselectivity, regioselectivity, oxidations, reductions, protection, deprotection, additions, condensation, coupling, C-X bond formation, named reactions, heterocyclics, biological drugs, and fluoroorganics over conventional techniques. A brief introduction to the parameters which influence the process, solvent-effects, supported reagents and catalysis and the pros and cons to the practical use of sonochemical protocols in organic synthesis are also discussed. This book provides overview on the applications of sonochemical technology for the sustainable and environmentally friendly development of synthetic methodologies for organic and pharmaceutical chemistry. Sonochemical Organic Synthesis is an essential resource on green chemistry technologies for academic researchers, R&D professionals, and students working in modern organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry. - Offers a broad overview of ultrasonics-assisted green organic synthesis - Discusses sonochemical technology for green organic synthesis and biological medicinal importance - Gives detailed accounts of numerous industrial applications, including polymers, pharmaceutical, fluoroorganics, biofuel, carbon, and more - Includes a description of significant factors and challenges in ultrasonics-assisted green organic synthesis - Lists recent developments in the use of sonochemical technology in organic chemist
Download or read book New Methods of Condensation Polymerization written by Diana J. Gerbi and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Phase Transfer Catalysis written by Y. Sasson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phase transfer catalysis is a sophisticated chemical technique which can be used to perform a variety of chemical reactions under mild conditions and with improved control. Since the concept was developed, both the theoretical and practical synthetic applications have seen considerable development, to the point where the technique can be applied to many areas of chemistry. Thus, phase transfer methods are now utilized in many applications, from research chemistry to full-scale production, where the benefits of faster, cleaner and more selective reactions are required. In this new book, the editors have brought together a range of contributors, each of whom is working at the forefront of the technology, to provide a clear, concise and ahtoritative review of this important area of chemistry. Industrial and academic chemists working on the synthesis, scale-up, production or analysis of a wide range of chemical products will find this book an essential reference on phase transfer technology.
Download or read book Biochemical and Environmental Bioprocessing written by M Jerold and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-07-25 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid growth of industries has resulted in the generation of high volume of solid and liquid waste. Today, there is a need of Clean and Green technology for the sustainable waste management. Biochemical and Environmental Bioprocessing: Challenges and Developments explore the State-of-art green technologies to manage the waste and to recover value added products. Microbes play an important role in the bioremediation. Bioprocess engineering an interdisciplinary connects the Science and Technology. The bioconversion and bioremediation is essentially required for the management of various hazardous substances in the environment. This book will give an intensive knowledge on the application of Biochemical and Bioprocess technologies for the eco-friendly management of pollution. This book serves as a fundamental to the students, researchers, academicians and Engineers working in the area of Environmental Bioremediation and in the exploration of various bioproducts from waste. Features Reviews various biological methods for the treatment of effluents from Industries by using biomass and biopolymers. Highlights the applications of various bioreactors like Anaerobic Sequential Batch Reactor, Continuously stirred anaerobic digester, Up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, Fluidized and expanded bed reactors. Presents the cultivation of algae in Open Pond, Closed loop System, and Photo-bioreactors for bioenergy production. Discusses the intensified and integrated biorefinery approach by Microwave Irradiation, Pyrolysis, Acoustic cavitation, Hydrodynamic cavitation, Electron beam irradiation, High pressure Autoclave reactor, Steam explosion and photochemical oxidation. Outlines the usage of microbial fuel cell (MFC) for the production bioelectricity generation in different modules Tubular MFC, Stacked MFC, Separate electrode modules Cutting edge research of synthesis of biogenic nanoparticles and Pigments by green route for the health care and environment management.
Download or read book Phase Transfer Catalysis written by C.M. Starks and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1971 when useful working concepts for the technique of phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) were introduced, the understanding, development, and applica tions of this method for conducting organic reactions has expanded exponentially. PTC has brought vast new dimensions and options to chemists and chemical engineers. From its use in less than ten commercial processes in 1975, PTC use has increased so that in the early 1990s it is involved in more than 600 industrial applications to manufacture products valued at between 10 and 20 billion U.S. dollars. PTC is widely used for simple organic reactions, steps in synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, perfumes, ftavorants, and dyes; for specialty polymerization reactions, polymer modifications, and monomer synthe sis; for pollution and environmental control processes; for analysis oftrace organic and inorganic compounds; and for many other applications. Often, PTC offers the best (and sometimes only) practical technique to obtain certain products. The authors experience in teaching a short course on phase-transfer catalysis has shown to us that a newcomer to PTC can easily be frustrated and confused by the large amount of information available in the literature and in patents. The purpose of this book, therefore, was to bring this information together in a logical and user-friendly way, without sacrificing matters of scholarly and fundamental importance.
Download or read book Proceedings Kinetics catalysis Heat transfer Polymers Thermodynamics written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radical Polymerization written by Michael Buback and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-07-16 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IUPAC-sponsored International Symposium on "Radical Polymerization: Kinetics and Mechanism" was held in Il Ciocco (Italia) during the week September 3-8, 2006. It was the fourth within the series of so-called SML conferences, which are the major scientific forum for addressing kinetic and mechanistic aspects of free-radical polymerization and of ontrolled radical polymerization. Top international authors like K. Matyjaszewski, T. P. Davis, T. Fukuda and others present their latest research. The five major themes covered were: Fundamentals of Free-Radical Polymerization, Heterogeneous Polymerization, Controlled Radical Polymerization, Polymer Reaction Engineering, and Polymer Characterization. SML IV again marked an important step forward toward the better understanding of the kinetics and mechanism of radical polymerization, which is extremely relevant for both conventional and controlled radical polymerization and for people in academia as well as in industry.
Download or read book Phase Transfer Catalyzed Free Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate with Potassium Peroxydisulfate and 18 crown 6 written by Coreen Younghae Lee and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Supported Aqueous phase Catalysis for Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization written by Ravi Aggarwal and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) which utilizes transition metal based catalysts is a versatile methodology for the synthesis of a wide spectrum of polymers with controlled architectures. However, high concentrations of soluble catalyst required in an ATRP process makes the final polymer colored and toxic. Thus, the catalyst removal/reduction/recycling remains a challenge in the field of ATRP. Supported catalysts on insoluble solids such as silica gel, polystyrene beads, etc. have been used in ATRP to facilitate the catalyst recovery and recycling. However, the ability of the supported catalysts to mediate a polymerization is substantially reduced due to their reduced mobility and leaching problems. In this thesis, we report a series of novel and recyclable physisorbed CuBr2/N, N, N', N'' -pentamethyldiethylene-triamine supported catalytic systems operating in conjunction with hydration. Supported aqueous-phase catalysis (SAPC) for ATRP was evaluated for different inorganic (Na-clay, silica and zeolite) and organic (polysaccharides) supports. The hydrated physisorbed supported catalysts were used for the polymerization of benzyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate using an activator generated electron transfer ATRP process. The catalyst was effectively retained on the surface of supports through hydration as was verified by UV-Vis measurements. The supported catalyst was easily removed from the polymerization by simple filtration process affording a colorless polymer solution. The polymerizations produced high conversion and colorless polymers with moderately narrow polydispersity indices (PDI). The catalyst maintained high activity during the recycling experiments. We also investigated the kinetic and mechanistic behavior of these solid supported polymerization systems. Based on split kinetics experiments and UV-Vis studies it was believed that the activation and deactivation processes took place at the diffused hydrated interface between the solid support and organic phase. The branched (stars and graft) polymers were also synthesized using Na-clay supported catalyst. The produced polymers had narrow PDI and good initiator efficiencies. The functionality of the star polymers was confirmed using 1H NMR and dilute solution properties. The synthesis of graft-copolymer was confirmed by 1H NMR and atomic force microscopy. This thesis demonstrates the successful use of SAPC for ATRP to produce contamination free linear and branched polymers with moderately narrow PDI and high recycling efficiency.
Download or read book Ultrasonic Synthesis of Functional Materials written by Muthupandian Ashokkumar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-11 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book begins by giving a summary of sonochemistry and explains how a chemical reaction can be induced by the interaction of sound waves and gas bubbles in liquids. The work outlines how primary and secondary radicals combined with the physical effects generated during acoustic cavitation are active in the ultrasonic synthesis of a variety of functional materials. The brief covers hot topics that include ultrasonic synthesis of various functional materials covering the following broad areas: acoustic cavitation and sonochemistry, synthesis of functional polymers and their applications, synthesis of functional inorganic materials and their applications, improving functionality of food/dairy systems, synthesis of functional biomaterials and their applications, synthesis of graphene based catalytic materials. Theory is kept to a minimum. The book is aimed at individuals at universities and will also interest those in industry. It is suitable for all levels.
Download or read book Kinetics and Mechanism of Cu Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization written by Nicolai Sörensen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polymerization of Olefins Through Heterogeneous Catalysis XI written by C. M. Tchen and published by . This book was released on 1992* with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
