Download or read book Kinetic Processes and Plasma Remediation of Toxic Gases written by Ann Catherine Gentile and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regulations on the allowable emissions of toxic gases have resulted in increasing industrial interest in the development of energy efficient methods for remediation. In this work we computationally study the application of Dielectric Barrier Discharges to the remediation of perchloroethylene (C$sb2$Cl$sb4$ or PCE) and N$rmsb{x}$O$rmsb{y}$. We determine the kinetic processes that occur in remediation in order to devise methods for improving the energy efficiency of remediation. PCE remediation progresses by a chain chemistry. Removal is efficient in humid gas streams since reactions of H$sb2$O initiate the production of radicals necessary for remediation. The end products can be further treated by conventional methods and then exhausted. Processes during N$rmsb{x}$O$rmsb{y}$ remediation can be considered in terms of three time regimes. During the pulse, radicals are produced. NO and N$rmsb{x}$O$rmsb{y}$ are then remediated. At long times NO is converted to NO$sb2$ with no net change in N$rmsb{x}$O$rmsb{y}$. Remediation of NO is largely due to reduction by N. Removal is more efficient with higher applied voltage, faster rising pulses, more H$sb2$O in the gas stream, and more pulses of lower energy. Spatial dependencies can affect the energy efficiencies of remediation. Localized energy deposition in the streamer can result in high temperatures facilitating production of NO. Diffusion of NO into the streamer region and advective transport of N outward into the bulk gas increase remediation. At very high energy depositions, transport decreases the instantaneous rate of change of efficiency with energy deposition despite the increased temperature.
Download or read book A NOVEL ENERGY EFFICIENT PLASMA CHEMICAL PROCESS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF VOLATILE TOXIC COMPOUNDS written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Destruction of low-concentrations (below several percent) of toxic volatile compounds from contaminated air stream is encountered at the DOE waste sites in the following instances: (i) off-gases resulting from air-stripping of highly-contaminated water and soil (contaminated with DNAPLs, VOCs, etc), (ii) effluent from the incineration of highly-concentrated combustible hazardous wastes. If the contaminated air stream has concentrations of a few parts per million (ppm) then passive methods, such as activated carbon, can be used successfully. If the concentration level is more than several percent, then thermal incineration can be successfully used. However, in the intermediate range neither of the above processes are suitable [1]. During the past decade or so, non-thermal plasma techniques have been investigated (see the references in [1, 2]) for the remediation of waste streams with concentrations in this intermediate range (to our knowledge, our project was the only one that addressed this problem under the EMSP sponsorship). Our approach is a completely different from those previous non-thermal plasma techniques. The main objective was to investigate the feasibility of a novel plasma chemical process for the remediation of toxic gas mixtures based on an enhanced dissociative electron attachment process that had been discovered in a basic research program: Prior to this project, it had been found that molecules excited to highly-excited states via laser irradiation efficiently attached electrons leading to the dissociation of the molecule (see, [3-6] and references therein). The following tasks were needed to be completed during the three year duration of the project in order to illustrate the feasibility of the new technology: 1. Since the usage of lasers is not cost effective, two discharge based schemes were planned to be investigated for molecular excitation. 2. The basic mechanisms involving dissociative electron attachment to highly-excite d molecules needed to be studied, in order to optimize the process. 3. A bench-top plasma reactor needed to be constructed to conduct actual plasma destruction measurements, so that the destruction efficiency could be quantified. 4. Methodologies for, (a) determination of the destruction efficiency, and (b) analysis of the byproducts 4 from the reactor, needed to be developed. 5. Basic studies needed to be conducted to understand the observations of the remediation studies, and thus to enhance the remediation process. As described below, we have accomplished these objectives, and have illustrated the feasibility of this new technology. However, further research is needed before this technology can be applied in the field.
Download or read book Plasma Discharge in Liquid written by Yong Yang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma methods that effectively combine ultraviolet radiation, active chemicals, and high electric fields offer an alternative to conventional water treatment methods. However, knowledge of the electric breakdown of liquids has not kept pace with this increasing interest, mostly due to the complexity of phenomena related to the plasma breakdown process. Plasma Discharge in Liquid: Water Treatment and Applications provides engineers and scientists with a fundamental understanding of the physical and chemical phenomena associated with plasma discharges in liquids, particularly in water. It also examines state-of-the-art plasma-assisted water treatment technologies. The Physics & Applications of Underwater Plasma Discharges The first part of the book describes the physical mechanism of pulsed electric breakdown in water and other liquids. It looks at how plasma is generated in liquids and discusses the electronic and bubble mechanism theories for how the electric discharge in liquid is initiated. The second part of the book focuses on various water treatment applications, including: Decontamination of volatile organic compounds and remediation of contaminated water Microorganism sterilization and other biological applications Cooling water treatment Drawing extensively on recent research, this one-stop reference combines the physics and applications of electric breakdown in liquids in a single volume. It offers a valuable resource for scientists, engineers, and students interested in the topic of plasmas in liquids.
Download or read book Plasma Remediation Technology for Environmental Protection written by ChangMing Du and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-27 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces a new technology for environmental protection, namely plasma cleaning. It brings together technological advances and research on plasma generators and their application in environmental science and engineering, including contaminated soil remediation, waste water degradation, metal recovery from waste solution, sterilization and polluted air remediation. It provides a balanced and comprehensive discussion of the core principles, novel plasma reactors and diagnostics, and state-of-the-art environmental applications of plasma. As such, it represents a valuable reference guide for scientists, engineers and graduate students in the fields of environmental science and plasma physics.
Download or read book Plasma Processing of Materials written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991-02-01 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma processing of materials is a critical technology to several of the largest manufacturing industries in the worldâ€"electronics, aerospace, automotive, steel, biomedical, and toxic waste management. This book describes the relationship between plasma processes and the many industrial applications, examines in detail plasma processing in the electronics industry, highlights the scientific foundation underlying this technology, and discusses education issues in this multidisciplinary field. The committee recommends a coordinated, focused, and well-funded research program in this area that involves the university, federal laboratory, and industrial sectors of the community. It also points out that because plasma processing is an integral part of the infrastructure of so many American industries, it is important for both the economy and the national security that America maintain a strong leadership role in this technology.
Download or read book Reactions Under Plasma Conditions written by Mundiyath Venugopalan and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemical Kinetics written by Vivek Patel and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-02-29 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical Kinetics relates to the rates of chemical reactions and factors such as concentration and temperature, which affects the rates of chemical reactions. Such studies are important in providing essential evidence as to the mechanisms of chemical processes. The book is designed to help the reader, particularly students and researchers of physical science, understand the chemical kinetics mechanics and chemical reactions. The selection of topics addressed and the examples, tables and graphs used to illustrate them are governed, to a large extent, by the fact that this book is aimed primarily at physical science (mainly chemistry) technologists. Undoubtedly, this book contains "must read" materials for students, engineers, and researchers working in the chemistry and chemical kinetics area. This book provides valuable insight into the mechanisms and chemical reactions. It is written in concise, self-explanatory and informative manner by a world class scientists in the field.
Download or read book Nonthermal Plasma Chemistry and Physics written by Jurgen Meichsner and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-11-13 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In addition to introducing the basics of plasma physics, Nonthermal Plasma Chemistry and Physics is a comprehensive presentation of recent developments in the rapidly growing field of nonthermal plasma chemistry. The book offers a detailed discussion of the fundamentals of plasma chemical reactions and modeling, nonthermal plasma sources, relevant diagnostic techniques, and selected applications. Elucidating interconnections and trends, the book focuses on basic principles and illustrations across a broad field of applications. Expert contributors address environmental aspects of plasma chemistry. The book also includes selected plasma conditions and specific applications in volume plasma chemistry and treatment of material surfaces such as plasma etching in microelectronics, chemical modification of polymer surfaces and deposition of functional thin films. Designed for students of plasma physics, Nonthermal Plasma Chemistry and Physics is a concise resource also for specialists in this and related fields of research.
Download or read book Thermal Plasmas For Hazardous Waste Treatment Proceedings Of The International School Of Plasma Physics Piero Caldirola written by E Sindoni and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1996-09-20 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technologies for hazardous waste destruction (including nuclear, hospital and chemical waste) based on thermal plasma processes: state of the art and perspectives. Economic and environmental aspects. Overview of plasma generating devices, diagnostics and modelling. Evaluations of co-products generations, heat and metal recovery, slag vitrification and industrial feasibility.
Download or read book Proceedings written by Toshio Goto and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Twenty third International Conference on Phenomena in Ionized Gases written by Marie Claude Bordage and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Process and Device for the Treatment of Waste Gas from Plasma Chemical Etching Processes written by A. Gross and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Non Thermal Plasma Techniques for Pollution Control written by Bernie M. Penetrante and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acid rain, global warming, ozone depletion, and smog are preeminent environmental problems facing the world today. Non-thermal plasma techniques offer an innovative approach to the solution of some of these problems. There are many types of non-thermal plasma devices that have been developed for environmental applications. The potential of these devices for the destruction of pollutants or toxic molecules has already been demonstrated in many contexts, such as nitrogen oxides (NOX) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in flue gases, heavy metals and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in industrial effluents, and chemical agents such as nerve gases. This book contains a comprehensive account of the latest developments in non-thermal plasma devices and their applications to the disposal of a wide variety of gaseous pollutants.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pollutant Diseases Remediation and Recycling written by Eric Lichtfouse and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-25 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pollution has no borders. This popular 70’s saying from early ecologists is surprisingly still true nowadays despite overwhelming scientific evidence and public awareness of the occurrence of artificial toxic substances in water, food, air, living organisms and the environment. This book presents advanced reviews on pollutant occurrence, transfer, toxicity and remediation. The chapter on school air quality by Dambruoso et al. highlights the overlooked health issue of airborne pollutants in buildings. Children are particularly threatened because they spend 90% of their time indoors, even in summer. The chapter on industrial wastewater pollutants by Dsikowitzky and Schwarzbauer reviews pollutants from textile, petrochemical, paper, tire, chemical and pharmaceutical plants. The authors describe advanced analytical methods and ecotoxicity tests. Industrial pollutants include dioxins and furans that are also reviewed in the chapter by Mudhoo et al. The chapter on fly ash by Gianoncelli et al. presents many techniques to treat fly ash and, in turn, decrease pollutant concentrations. The authors also explain that fly ash can be recycled in agriculture, buildings and geopolymers. The chapter on antifouling paints used for ship protection, by Sousa et al., highlights the occurrence of toxic organotins in human organs such as heart, liver and breast milk. The chapter on surfactants by Rebello et al. focuses on safety concerns for humans and the ecosystems. Remediation techniques and green surfactants are presented. The chapters on toxic metals by Nava-Ruíz and Méndez-Armenta, Abarikwu and Ristić et al. describe sources, monitoring and diseases induced by lead, mercury, cadmium and thallium. The chapter on carcinogenic nitrosamines by Li et al. presents techniques and materials such as zeolites to remediate liquids and smoke containing nitrosamines.
Download or read book Non equilibrium Processing of Materials written by C. Suryanarayana and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-07-22 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid technological developments during the later half of the 20th century have demanded materials that are stronger, capable of use at much higher temperatures, more corrosion-resistant, and much less expensive than those currently used. These demands become even more significant on the threshold of the new century and the millennium. Significant improvements in properties can only be achieved by processing the materials under far-from-equilibrium (or non-equilibrium) conditions. Several new processing technologies have been developed during the past few decades including, rapid solidification, spray forming, mechanical alloying, ion mixing, vapor deposition, laser processing and plasma processing. Remarkable advances have been made in recent years in the science and technology of these processes used to synthesize, characterize, and apply these materials processed under non-equilibrium conditions. Some of these techniques have evolved from laboratory curiosity to commercial-scale manufacturing in just a few years. In other cases, industrial necessity prompted development of the technology, and the science followed later. The chapters in this book have been written by people who are world-recognized experts in their respective fields. Each chapter describes the principles, processing techniques, special features of the materials produced, and their applications. An extensive list of references is provided at the end of each chapter that will facilitate location of additional information on specific aspects of any technique.
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
