Download or read book Kalametiya Lunama Kalapuwa s written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Lagoons of Sri Lanka written by Silva, E. I. L. and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2013-03-01 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sri Lanka, an island in the Indian Ocean, has lagoons along 1,338 km of its coastline. They experience low-energy oceanic waves and semidiurnal microtidal currents. The Sri Lankan coastal lagoons are not numerous but they are diverse in size, shape, configuration, ecohydrology, and ecosystem values and services. The heterogeneous nature, in general, and specific complexities, to a certain extent, exhibited by coastal lagoons in Sri Lanka are fundamentally determined by coastal and adjoining hinterland geomorphology, tidal fluxes and fluvial inputs, monsoonal-driven climate and weather, morphoedaphic attributes, and cohesive interactions with human interventions.Most coastal lagoons in Sri Lanka are an outcome of mid-Holocene marine transgression and subsequent barrier formation and spit development enclosing the water body between the land and the sea. This process has varied from one coastal stretch to another due to wave-derived littoral drift, sediment transport by tidal fluxes, fluvial inputs and wave action or, in other words, sea-level history, shore-face dynamics and tidal range as the three major factors that control the origin and maintenance of the sandy barrier, the most important features for the formation and evolution of coastal lagoons with their landward water mass. In certain stretches of Sri Lanka’s coastline, formation of the barrier spit was very active due to shore-face dynamics that resulted in chains of shore parallel, elongated lagoons. They are among the most productive in terms of ecosystem yield and show some similarities to large tropical lagoons with respect to sea entrance, zonation, biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, some of them become seasonally hypersaline due to lack of freshwater input and high evaporation. Functions and processes of some of these water bodies are fairly known. There are a fair number of small back-barrier lagoons of different shapes and sizes whose origin goes back to sea-level history. They are located on low-energy coasts with prominent beach ridges and restricted hinterland geomorphology. Mixing processes of these landward indentations are hindered by elevated sand dunes, and their salinity increases due to poor freshwater input and high evaporation leading to seasonally hypersaline conditions. These sedimented lagoons, primarily confined to the southeastern coast of the island, are biologically the least productive, with limited ecosystem values and services. Another group of moderately elongated semicircular, slightly large lagoons in the same coast, formed exclusively by submergence due to mid-Holocene sea-level rises, do not receive sufficient freshwater input leading to seasonally hypersaline conditions. They are also biologically unproductive but some are ecologically important since they provide habitats conducive to migratory birds. In contrast, some lagoons on the southern coast receive sufficient freshwater via streams draining the wet zone, maintain more estuarine salinities, exhibit rich biodiversity and serve as functional resource units. Lagoons formed by mid-Holocene submergence and recession of water level with simultaneous chain barrier formation on the high energy southwest coast, which includes cliffs, small bays and headlands, show peculiar configurations and link channel characteristics. Some of these irregular water bodies have clusters of small isles and luxuriant mangrove swamps with high biodiversity but not very rich in catadromous finfish and shellfish species due to the restricted nature of the entrance channel and nondistinct salinity gradients. The barrier-built, seasonally hypersaline lagoon complex in the Jaffna Peninsula, the largest lagoon system in the country with multiple perennial entrances show extremely narrow salinity ranges towards the upper limit of salinity. The main lagoon is elongated and the shore parallel to eastward and southward extensions is connected by narrow channels. The other lagoon in the Jaffna Peninsula is elongated, shore parallel and ribbon-shaped and receives tidal water throughout the year but freshwater is received only from precipitation and surface runoff. Even though the lagoons in the peninsula are extremely rich in ecosystem heterogeneity their hydrology and hydrodynamics have been severely disturbed by infrastructural development for transportation and by attempts to create a freshwater river for Jaffna. There are a few virgin lagoons of moderate size also on the northern coast, south of the Jaffna Peninsula on both the east and west sides. They look very typical tropical lagoons rich in biodiversity and biological production but their structure, functions and values are virtually unknown in scientific or socioeconomic terms. The lagoons located on the east coast are not numerous but relatively large in extent. They are also an outcome not only of mid-Holocene sea-level rises but of submerged multi-delta valleys or abandoned paleo estuaries. When inundated, the multi-delta valley configuration became elongated and is shore parallel with a smooth seaward shoreline; both shorelines become irregular when coastal waves are weak, and internal waves are created by the action of local winds. Configuration of a lagoon formed by inundation of an abandoned river valley is irregular with a long entrance channel extended landward. These lagoons are highly productive with a variety of associated ecosystems, large open water areas and wide perennial sea entrances. When the lagoon is too much elongated, zonation is prominent due to fewer entrance effects. Lagoons form a particular type of natural capital which generates use values (fish, shrimp, fuelwood, salt, fodder, ecotourism, anchorage, recreation, etc.) and nonuse values (habitat preservation, biodiversity, ecosystem linkages, etc.) contributing positively towards improving the human well-being. Of many values of lagoons in Sri Lanka, only the extractive values are generally utilized at present, by way of fish and shrimp catches, salt production and use of mangrove for various purposes. Besides, coastal lagoons generate a range of nonextractive use values and nonuse values, which could add towards the total economic value. Misuse has taken place at several instances when “use” adversely affects the status of the resources or the health of the ecosystem due to vulnerability and poverty, population pressure, urbanization, development activities and multi-stakeholder issues. The status of lagoon resources shows that the resources in the majority of Sri Lankan lagoons still remain satisfactory, somewhat good or very good. Nevertheless, concerns for management of lagoons in Sri Lanka exist only where “use values” (extractive values, such as fish and shrimp) exist. There is no evidence of resources management in lagoons for inspirational, scholarly values or tacit knowledge of the same. Management for use values exhibits several stages from zero management to comanagement via community management and state intervention. Most of Sri Lanka’s lagoons have the potential for generating high extractive and nonextractive use values which could improve the human well-being, while maintaining resources sustainability. Unfortunately, these potentials have not been understood or “seen” yet by the relevant authorities, although a few instances of exploring this potential were noticed.

Download or read book Coastal Lagoon Processes written by B. Kjerfve and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1994-05-20 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a broad-based review of the environmental, oceanographic, engineering, and management aspects of coastal lagoons summarized in a convenient single volume. A comprehensive literature review, as well as references add to the utility of this volume, creating an invaluable resource for academics, scientists, and laymen.

Download or read book Lagoons and estuaries written by Sriyanie Miththapala and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal lagoons and estuaries, lying at the boundary between ocean and land, house a unique mosaic of habitats, giving rise to high species diversity and the creation of ecotones. They are also ecologically and economically important ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Yet, these coastal ecosystems are facing a gamut of human-induced threats. This booklet is the fourth in the Coastal Ecosystems Series, published in an attempt to address the lack of information available to the general public regarding the threats to coastal ecosystems.

Download or read book A Biodiversity Status Profile of Lunama Kalametiya Wetland Sanctuary written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Appraisal of Challenges in the Sustainable Management of the Micro tidal Barrier built Estuaries and Lagoons in Sri Lanka written by and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2012 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Coastal Geomorphology written by Eric C. F. Bird and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-09 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal Geomorphology, Second Edition is a comprehensive and systematic introduction to this subject and demonstrates the dynamic nature of coastal landforms, providing a background for analytical planning and management strategies in coastal areas that are subject to continuing changes. This introductory textbook has been completely revised and updated, and is accompanied by a website which provides additional illustrations, global examples, case-studies and more detailed and advanced information on topics referenced in the book, together with explanations of terminology, annotated references and research material.

Download or read book The Rough Guide to Sri Lanka written by Rough Guides and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2015-11-03 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Rough Guide to Sri Lanka is the most comprehensive and user-friendly guide to exploring this fascinating island country. Each chapter includes thoroughly researched travel information, hotel and restaurant listings, and thoughtful background on the environment, politics, culture, music and history, and a practical language guide ensures you can interact with locals. The full-color design combines glorious images to whet your appetite with a practical layout and dozens of accessible and accurate maps to guide you from the urban centers to the jungle, beaches and mountains. Make the most of your time with The Rough Guide to Sri Lanka.

Download or read book Sri Lanka written by and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on 2005 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Documents the main features of the tsunami, the many ways in which it affected and was affected by coastal landforms, ecosystems, farmlands and settlements. Looks at the consequences of its impact and highlights the key issues, including those to do with debris and waste management, sustainable sourcing of drinking water, land drainage, deforestation pressures, and disaster preparedness. Contains a number of recommendations for action on which an indicative portfolio of proposed remediation projects is based.

Download or read book Library of Congress Subject Headings written by Library of Congress and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 1480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book World Water Assessment Programme Sri Lanka Case Study written by K. A. U. S. Imbulana and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2002-04-07 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Case Study Workshop was organized with the objective of obtaining the necessary input the experts on different subject areas of water resources, subject those views and discussion among the stakeholder agencies, and synthesize the information to a report on the case study. The outcome of the Workshop would eventually transform into the contribution of Sri Lanka to the forst WWDR

Download or read book Sri Lanka written by Elke Frey and published by Hunter Publishing, Inc. This book was released on 2001 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Five fully updated editions offering the supremely high standards you expect from Nelles. Lavish color photos, maps and detailed travel information fill the pages of these highly regarded travel guides. Restaurants, hotels, sights, attractions, local festivals, shopping, nightlife and more!

Download or read book Proceedings of the National Conference on Water Food Security and Climate Change in Sri Lanka BMICH Colombo June 9 11 2009 Volume 2 Water quality environment and climate change written by Alexandra Evans and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2010 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributed papers presented at the conference organized by International Water Management Institute, Irrigation Dept., Dept. of Agriculture, and Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institute.

Download or read book The Rough Guide to Sri Lanka written by Gavin Thomas and published by Rough Guides UK. This book was released on 2009-10-01 with total page 979 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Rough Guide to Sri Lanka is the definitive travel guide with clear maps and detailed coverage of all the best attractions Sri Lanka has to offer. Get the low-down on one of the worlds most beautiful islands, with in-depth coverage of Sri Lanka's superb beaches, magnificent wildlife, verdant tea plantations and majestic Buddhist remains. The guide includes practical information on getting there and around, plus reviews of the best Sri Lanka hotels, from serene oceanside Ayurveda retreats to atmospheric colonial-era tea estate bungalows, and Sri Lanka restaurants, bars and Sri Lankan shopping for all budgets. You'll find introductory sections on Sri Lanka food, drink, health, cultural customs and outdoor activities as well as specialist Sri Lanka tour operators and colour inserts on tea, Buddhism and the island's highlights with inspirational colour photography throughout . Rely on expert background on everything from the history of the ancient Buddhist kingdoms through to the contemporary political scene in Sri Lanka and traditional Sri Lankan dance. Explore all corners of this fascinating country with the clearest Sri Lanka maps of any guide. Make the most of your holiday with The Rough Guide to Sri Lanka

Download or read book Library of Congress Subject Headings written by Library of Congress. Cataloging Policy and Support Office and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 1606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Rough Guide to Sri Lanka Travel Guide eBook written by Rough Guides and published by Apa Publications (UK) Limited. This book was released on 2018-11-01 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover Sri Lanka with the most incisive and entertaining guidebook on the market. Whether you plan to explore the ancient ruins of Sigiriya, wander amid Ella's verdant tea plantations or explore the cave temples of Dambulla, The Rough Guide to Sri Lanka will show you the ideal places to sleep, eat, drink, shop and visit along the way. - Independent, trusted reviews - written with Rough Guides' trademark blend of humour, honesty and insight, to help you get the most out of your visit, with options to suit every budget. - Full-colour chapter maps throughout - to find your way amid Colombo's bustling bazaars or the museums and temples in Kandy without needing to get online. - Stunning images - a rich collection of inspiring colour photography. Things not to miss - Rough Guides' rundown of the best sights and experiences in Sri Lanka. - Itineraries - carefully planned routes to help you organize your trip. - Detailed coverage - this travel guide has in-depth practical advice for every step of the way. Areas covered include: Colombo, Kandy, Ella, Galle, Sigiriya, Mirissa, Arugam Bay, Kataragama, Weligama, Horton Plains, Jaffna, Dambulla. Attractions include: Adam's Peak, Temple of the Tooth, Yala National Park, World's End, Anuradhapura, The Pettah. - Basics - essential pre-departure practical information including getting there, local transport, accommodation, food and drink, health, the media, festivals, outdoor activities, national parks, culture, shopping, travelling with children and more. - Background information - a Contexts chapter devoted to history, Sri Lankan Buddhism, Buddhist art and architecture, wildlife, tea and books, as well as a helpful language section and glossary. About Rough Guides : Escape the everyday with Rough Guides. We are a leading travel publisher known for our "tell it like it is" attitude, up-to-date content and great writing. Since 1982, we've published books covering more than 120 destinations around the globe, with an ever-growing series of ebooks, a range of beautiful, inspirational reference titles, and an award-winning website. We pride ourselves on our accurate, honest and informed travel guides.

Download or read book Economics and politics of water resources development Uda Walawe Irrigation Project Sri Lanka written by Molle, Francois, Renwick, M. and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2005 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Uda Walawe Irrigation and Resettlement Project (UWIRP) located in the Southern dry zone of Sri Lanka was initiated in the early 1950s. The original plan for the UWIRP was a highly ambitious social, economic and physical engineering project aimed at creating a modern, profitable agriculture sector. This report examines the history of water resources development and investment decisions for the UWIRP over a period of 50 years and uncovers underlying processes that shaped the evolution of the project and highlights the limitation of viewing development as a mere set of technical and social engineering endeavors.