Download or read book K edge Densitometer KED written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1979, a K-edge densitometer (KED) was installed by the Safeguards Assay group from Los Alamos National Laboratory in the PNC reprocessing plant at Tokai-mura, Japan. It uses an active nondestructive assay technique, KED, to measure the plutonium concentration of the product solution. The measurement uncertainty of an assay depends on the count time chosen, but can be 0.5% or better. The computer hardware and software were upgraded in 1992. This manual describes the operation of the instrument, with an emphasis on the user interface to the software.
Download or read book Nonlinear Fitting of Absorption Edges in K edge Densitometry Spectra written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new method for analyzing absorption edges in K-Edge Densitometry (KED) spectra is introduced. This technique features a nonlinear function that specifies the empirical form of a broadened K-absorption edge. Nonlinear fitting of the absorption edge can be used to remove broadening effects from the KED spectrum. This allows more data near the edge to be included in the conventional KED fitting procedure. One possible benefit is enhanced precision of measured uranium and plutonium concentrations. Because no additional hardware is required, several facilities that use KED may eventually benefit from this approach. Applications of nonlinear KED fitting in the development of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) hybrid K-edge/x-ray fluorescence (XRF) densitometer system are described.
Download or read book K edge Densitometer KED User Manual written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1979, a K-edge densitometer (KED) was installed by the Safeguards Assay group from Los Alamos National Laboratory in the PNC reprocessing plant at Tokai-mura, Japan. It uses an active nondestructive assay technique, KED, to measure the plutonium concentration of the product solution. The measurement uncertainty of an assay depends on the count time chosen, but can be 0.5% or better. The computer hardware and software were upgraded in 1992. This manual describes the operation of the instrument, with an emphasis on the user interface to the software.
Download or read book Generalized Multi Edge Analysis for K Edge Densitometry written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In K-edge densitometry (KED), a continuous-energy x-ray beam is transmitted through a liquid sample. The actinide content of the sample can be measured through analysis of the transmitted portion of the x-ray beam. Traditional methods for KED analysis allow the simultaneous calculation of, at most, two actinide concentrations. A generalized multi-edge KED analytical method is presented, allowing up to six actinide concentrations to be calculated simultaneously. Applications of this method for hybrid KED/x-ray fluorescence (HKED) systems are discussed. Current HKED systems require the operator to know the approximate actinide content of each sample, and manually select the proper analysis mode. The new multi-edge KED technique allows rapid identification of the major actinide components in a sample, independent of actinide content. The proper HKED analysis mode can be selected automatically, without requiring sample content information from the user. Automatic HKED analysis would be especially useful in an analytical laboratory setting, where samples with truly unknown characteristics are encountered. Because this technique requires no hardware modifications, several facilities that use HKED may eventually benefit from this approach.
Download or read book The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements Set Vol 1 6 written by L.R. Morss and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-21 with total page 4511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fourth edition of "The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements" comprises all chapters in volumes 1 through 5 of the third edition (published in 2006) plus a new volume 6. To remain consistent with the plan of the first edition, “ ... to provide a comprehensive and uniform treatment of the chemistry of the actinide [and transactinide] elements for both the nuclear technologist and the inorganic and physical chemist,” and to be consistent with the maturity of the field, the fourth edition is organized in three parts. The first group of chapters follows the format of the first and second editions with chapters on individual elements or groups of elements that describe and interpret their chemical properties. A chapter on the chemical properties of the transactinide elements follows. The second group, chapters 15-26, summarizes and correlates physical and chemical properties that are in general unique to the actinide elements, because most of these elements contain partially-filled shells of 5f electrons whether present as isolated atoms or ions, as metals, as compounds, or as ions in solution. The third group, chapters 27-39, focuses on specialized topics that encompass contemporary fields related to actinides in the environment, in the human body, and in storage or wastes. Two appendices at the end of volume 5 tabulate important nuclear properties of all actinide and transactinide isotopes. Volume 6 (Chapters 32 through 39) consists of new chapters that focus on actinide species in the environment, actinide waste forms, nuclear fuels, analytical chemistry of plutonium, actinide chalcogenide and hydrothermal synthesis of actinide compounds. The subject and author indices and list of contributors encompass all six volumes.
Download or read book Development of a K edge densitometer for the on line measurement of U and Pu in the DNPE reprocessing plant written by L. Russen and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Safeguards Security and Nonproliferation written by James Doyle and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-04-08 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an increase of global security concerns over potential terrorist acts, the threat of WMDs, and increasing political issues with nations seeking nuclear capability, the need to track, detect, and safeguard nuclear material globally has never been greater. Nuclear Safeguards, Security and Nonproliferation is a comprehensive reference that covers cutting-edge technologies used to trace, track, and safeguard nuclear material. It is a contributed volume with sections contributed by scientists from leading institutions such as Los Alamos National Labs, Sandia National Labs, Pacific Northwest Nuclear Labs, and Texas A&M University, and the Monterey Institute of International Studies. The book is divided into 3 sections and includes 30 chapters on such topics as - the security of nuclear facilities and material, the illicit trafficking of nuclear materials, improvised nuclear devices, how to prevent nuclear terrorism. International case studies of security at nuclear facilities and illegal nuclear trade activities provide specific examples of the complex issues surrounding the technology and policy for nuclear material protection, control and accountability. Specific cases include analysis of the timely issues in the nuclear programs of countries such as North Korea, Iran, and Kazakstan among others. Nuclear Security is a must-have volume for the dozens of private and public organizations involved in driving Homeland Security, domestic, and international policy issues relating to nuclear material security, non-proliferation, and nuclear transparency. - Written by some of the world's top scientists including members of the Nuclear Division of Los Alamos National Labs (U.S.) - A timely discussion of current international nuclear security issues includes case studies on Iraq, Iran and North Korea - Book takes a global perspective on nuclear security and non-proliferation detailing the little-known real-world technologies used to secure, detect and track nuclear material
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1052 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Download or read book Mechanical Design of Hybrid Densitometer for Laboratory Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hybrid K-edge densitometry (KED) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) densitometer is a unique nondestructive assay (NDA) technique to determine the concentrations of nuclear material (SNM) in solutions. The technique is ideally suited to assay the dissolver solutions as well as the uranium and plutonium product solutions from reprocessing It is an important instrument for safeguarding reprocessing; it is also a useful tool in analytical laboratories because of its capability of analyzing mixed solutions of SNM without chemical separation. Figure 1 shows the hardware of an hybrid system developed at Los Alamos. The hybrid densitometer employs a combination of two complimentary techniques: absorption KED and XRF. The KED technique measures the transmission of a tightly collimated photon beam through the sample; it is therefore quite insensitive to the radiation emitted by the sample material. Fission product level of (approximately)1 Ci/mL can be tolerated. The technique is insensitive to matrix variation. XRF measures the fluorescent x-rays from the same sample and can be used to determine the ratios of SNM. The technique can be applied to thorium, uranium, neptunium, plutonium, and americium concentration determination. The technique can also be applied to mixed solutions found in nuclear fuel cycle without separation: thorium-uranium, uranium-plutoniun neptunium-plutonium-americium. The design of the hybrid densitometer is shown schematically in Figs. 1 and 2; Fig. 1 shows the top view; Fig. 2 shows the side view. The heart of the design is the changer. The sample changer can accommodate a sample tray, which holds up to six samples. The samples can be a 2-cm path length cell, 4-cm path length cell, or a mixture of both sizes. The sample tray is controlled by a "Compumotor" which in turn is controlled by a computer. The absolute position of the sample cell can be reproduced to a standard deviation of 0.02 mm. The sample changer is housed inside square stainless steel tubing which is bolted onto the glove box. The sample cells can be observed during the movement or assay through a leaded glass viewport, as shown in Fig. 3.
Download or read book The Hybrid K Edge written by H. Eberle and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stability of Working Reference Standards for Hybrid K Edge Densitometer Quality Assurance written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Long term stability of hybrid K edge K XRF densitometer written by Takashi Sonoda and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The hybrid K edge K XRF densitometer written by Herbert Ottmar and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Semi empirical Modeling and Implementation of Hybrid K edge Densitometry for Pyroprocessing Applications written by Michael Paul Cooper and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is currently looking at options for handling of spent nuclear fuel. Currently, there are ≈ 70, 000 metric tons of spent fuel in storage in the US alone. Pyroprocessing is a possible method for spent nuclear fuel reprocessing which was proven to work at Argonne National Laboratory. This masters thesis showcases a method for empirically modeling hybrid k-edge densitometry, one of the numerous possible safeguards needed for a reprocessing facility. This is accomplished by using MCNP to perform 54 sets of 2-stage simulations for KED and XRF, respectively. The end results are empirical linear functions for the magnitude of the k-edge drop of uranium and plutonium, as well as empirical functions for the XRF peaks for uranium and plutonium. These two empirical functions are functions of uranium concentration and plutonium to uranium mass fraction ratio, respectively. The semi-empirical functions are then implemented into the Sandia National Laboratory Separation and Safeguards Performance Model EChem (SSPM Echem) Simulink model. The SSPM is a Simulink model which can use modular safeguards functions for methods such as HKED, passive gamma, and passive neutron detection. These types of safeguards modules help to evaluate how much the standard error of inventory difference (SEID) is affected by additional safeguards, providing a quantifiable value. The empirical functions as well as multiple representative figures and tables are presented, showcasing the ability of the Simulink module to correctly predict the KED drops as well as the XRF peaks. The ultimate goal is to combine the KED and XRF into HKED measurements to get a value for the mass fraction of plutonium in salt. Plots showcasing the differences between the HKED module output and SSPM’s internal mass tracking are shown.
Download or read book KfK written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Field Evaluation of a Combined K edge Densitometry and a K xrf System for Reprocessing Solutions Analysis written by H. Ottmar and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Safeguards Technology 1982 written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
