Download or read book Japan s Decision for War written by Louis Morton and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Japan s Decision for War written by Louis Morton and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Japan s Decision For War In 1941 Some Enduring Lessons written by Dr. Jeffrey Record and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Japan’s decision to attack the United States in 1941 is widely regarded as irrational to the point of suicidal. How could Japan hope to survive a war with, much less defeat, an enemy possessing an invulnerable homeland and an industrial base 10 times that of Japan? The Pacific War was one that Japan was always going to lose, so how does one explain Tokyo’s decision? Did the Japanese recognize the odds against them? Did they have a concept of victory, or at least of avoiding defeat? Or did the Japanese prefer a lost war to an unacceptable peace? Dr. Jeffrey Record takes a fresh look at Japan’s decision for war, and concludes that it was dictated by Japanese pride and the threatened economic destruction of Japan by the United States. He believes that Japanese aggression in East Asia was the root cause of the Pacific War, but argues that the road to war in 1941 was built on American as well as Japanese miscalculations and that both sides suffered from cultural ignorance and racial arrogance. Record finds that the Americans underestimated the role of fear and honor in Japanese calculations and overestimated the effectiveness of economic sanctions as a deterrent to war, whereas the Japanese underestimated the cohesion and resolve of an aroused American society and overestimated their own martial prowess as a means of defeating U.S. material superiority. He believes that the failure of deterrence was mutual, and that the descent of the United States and Japan into war contains lessons of great and continuing relevance to American foreign policy and defense decision-makers.
Download or read book Japan s Decision for War in 1941 written by Jeffrey Record and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Japan s Decision for War written by Nobutaka Ike and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 1967 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Records of fifty-seven liason conferences held in Tokyo between March and December 1941 by leaders of the Japanese Army and Navy and the Cabinet.
Download or read book Japan s Decision for War in 1941 written by Jeffrey Record and published by . This book was released on 2009-02-27 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Japanese decision to initiate war against the United States in 1941 continues to perplex. Did the Japanese recognize the odds against them? How did they expect to defeat the United States? The presumption of irrationality is natural, given Japan's acute imperial overstretch in 1941 and America's overwhelming industrial might and latent military power. The Japanese decision for war, however, must be seen in the light of the available alternatives in the fall of 1941, which were either national economic suffocation or surrender of Tokyo's empire on the Asian mainland. Though Japanese aggression in East Asia was the root cause of the Pacific War, the road to Pearl Harbor was built on American as well as Japanese miscalculations, most of them mired in mutual cultural ignorance and racial arrogance. Japan's aggression in China, military alliance with Hitler, and proclamation of a "Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere" that included resource-rich Southeast Asia were major milestones along the road to war, but the proximate cause was Japan's occupation of southern French Indochina in July 1941, which placed Japanese forces in a position to grab Malaya, Singapore, and the Dutch East Indies. Japan's threatened conquest of Southeast Asia, which in turn would threaten Great Britain's ability to resist Nazi aggression in Europe, prompted the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt to sanction Japan by imposing an embargo on U.S. oil exports upon which the Japanese economy was critically dependent. Yet the embargo, far from deterring further Japanese aggression, prompted a Tokyo decision to invade Southeast Asia. By mid-1941 Japanese leaders believed that war with the United States was inevitable and that it was imperative to seize the Dutch East Indies, which offered a substitute for dependency on American oil. The attack on Pearl Harbor was essentially a flanking raid in support of the main event, which was the conquest of Malaya, Singapore, the Indies, and the Philippines, Japan's decision for war rested on several assumptions, some realistic, others not. The first was that time was working against Japan-i.e., the longer they took to initiate war with the United States, the dimmer its prospects for success. The Japanese also assumed they had little chance of winning a protracted war with the United States but hoped they could force the Americans into a murderous, island-by-island slog across the Central and Southwestern Pacific that would eventually exhaust American will to fight on to total victory. The Japanese believed they were racially and spiritually superior to the Americans, whom they regarded as an effete, creature-comforted people divided by political factionalism and racial and class strife. U.S. attempts to deter Japanese expansion into the Southwestern Pacific via the imposition of harsh economic sanctions, redeployment of the U.S. Fleet from southern California to Pearl Harbor, and the dispatch of B-17 long-range bombers to the Philippines all failed because the United States insisted that Japan evacuate both Indochina and China as the price for a restoration of U.S. trade. The United States demanded, in effect, that Japan abandon its empire, and by extension its aspiration to become a great power, and submit to the economic dominion of the United States-something no self-respecting Japanese leader could accept.
Download or read book Japan s Decision for War written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Japan s Decision for War In 1941 written by U. S. Army and published by . This book was released on 2017-08-11 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Japan's decision to attack the United States in 1941 iswidely regarded as irrational to the point of suicidal. Howcould Japan hope to survive a war with, much less defeat, anenemy possessing an invulnerable homeland and an industrialbase 10 times that of Japan? The Pacific War was one that Japanwas always going to lose, so how does one explain Tokyo'sdecision? Did the Japanese recognize the odds against them?Did they have a concept of victory, or at least of avoidingdefeat? Or did the Japanese prefer a lost war to an unacceptablepeace? 第二次大戦
Download or read book Hirohito and War written by Peter Wetzler and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 1998-02-01 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The debate over Emperor Hirohito's accountability for government decisions and military operations up to the end of the World War II began before the end of the war and has continued even after his death. This book documents this controversy while providing insights into the Showa emperor's role in military planning in imperial Japan. It argues that Hirohito both knew of and participated in such planning and offers evidence that he was informed well in advance of the planned attack on Pearl Harbor. Using Japanese primary sources, this text aims to show that Hirohito's participation in the decision-making process was entirely consistent with his intellectual background and his passionate belief in the significance of the imperial tradition for the Japanese polity (kokutai) in prewar Japan.
Download or read book Japan s Struggle to End the War written by United States Strategic Bombing Survey and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Japan s Decision to Surrender written by Robert Joseph Charles Butow and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Outlines the activities that occurred behind the Japanese ranks that brought about the decision to surrender to the United States in August of 1945.
Download or read book The Japanese Decision for War written by Louis Morton and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Japan s Decision to Surrender written by Robert Joseph Charles Butow and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Japan s Decision to Surrender Foreword by Edwin O Reischauer written by Robert Joseph Charles Butow and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Eagle Against the Sun written by Ronald H. Spector and published by Free Press. This book was released on 2020-11-03 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “The best book by far on the Pacific War” (The New York Times Book Review), this classic one-volume history of World War II in the Pacific draws on declassified intelligence files; British, American, and Japanese archival material; and military memoirs to provide a stunning and complete history of the conflict. This “superbly readable, insightful, gripping” (Washington Post Book World) contribution to WWII history combines impeccable research with electrifying detail and offers provocative interpretations of this brutal forty-four-month struggle. Author and historian Ronald H. Spector reassesses US and Japanese strategy and shows that the dual advance across the Pacific by MacArthur and Nimitz was more a pragmatic solution to bureaucratic, doctrinal, and public relations problems facing the Army and Navy than a strategic calculation. He also argues that Japan made its fatal error not in the Midway campaign but in abandoning its offensive strategy after that defeat and allowing itself to be drawn into a war of attrition. Spector skillfully takes us from top-secret strategy meetings in Washington, London, and Tokyo to distant beaches and remote Asian jungles with battle-weary GIs. He reveals that the US had secret plans to wage unrestricted submarine warfare against Japan months before Pearl Harbor and shows that MacArthur and his commanders ignored important intercepts of Japanese messages that would have saved thousands of lives in Papua and Leyte. Throughout, Spector contends that American decisions in the Pacific War were shaped more often by the struggles between the British and the Americans, and between the Army and the Navy, than by strategic considerations. Spector vividly recreates the major battles, little-known campaigns, and unfamiliar events leading up to the deadliest air raid ever, adding a new dimension to our understanding of the American war in the Pacific and the people and forces that determined its outcome.
Download or read book The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb written by Gar Alperovitz and published by Vintage. This book was released on 1996-08-06 with total page 863 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a new preface by the author Controversial in nature, this book demonstrates that the United States did not need to use the atomic bomb against Japan. Alperovitz criticizes one of the most hotly debated precursory events to the Cold War, an event that was largely responsible for the evolution of post-World War II American politics and culture.
Download or read book Japan s Decision to Surrender written by Robert J. C. Butow and published by . This book was released on 1945 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
