Download or read book Isospecific Polymerization of Olefins written by Y.V. Kissin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discoveries of organometallic catalysts for olefin polymerization by Karl Ziegler and that of stereoregular olefin polymers by Giulio Natta are probably the two most important achievements in the areas of catalysis and polymer chemistry in the second half of this century. They led to the development of a new branch of chemical industry, and to a large volume production of high-density and linear low-density polyethylene, isotactic polypropylene, ethylene-propylene rubbers, isotactic poly I-butene, and poly-4-methyl-l-pentene. These discoveries merited the Nobel prize, which was awarded to K. Ziegler and G. Natta in 1963. The initial works of Ziegler and Natta were followed by an "explosion" of scientific papers and patents covering all aspects of polymerization chemistry, catalyst synthesis, and polymerization kinetics as well as the structural, chemical, physical, and technological characteristics of stereo regular polyolefins, polydienes, and olefin copolymers. It is sufficient to say that in the twenty-five years after the first publications more than 15,000 papers and patents appeared on subjects related to the area. . The development brought about the establishment of several prominent groups of scientists occupied with the study of olefin polymerization. The most important of these were scientific schools in Italy, Germany, England, the United States, Japan, the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, and Venezuela. In addition, many major chemical and petrochemical corporations throughout the world established labora tories devoted to the development of the technology of catalyst synthesis and olefin polymerization.
Download or read book Isospecific Polymerization of Olefins written by Y. V. Kissin and published by . This book was released on 1985-08-01 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Catalytic Olefin Polymerization written by T. Keii and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1990-09-12 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent development of a new generation of Ziegler-Natta Catalysts using either magnesium dichloride as carrier or methylaluminoxane as cocatalyst has markedly stimulated the research activity in the field of olefin polymerization. These discoveries have not only yielded economical processes for polyolefin production but also opened the way to a new generation of novel polymers. Moreover, the nature of active species is being clarified well by the effort to simplify catalyst systems. The present volume includes 38 papers from the 31 lectures and 18 posters presented at the symposium on `Recent Developments in Olefin Polymerization Catalysts', which covered the following topics: Overview of super-active homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, kinetic profile of olefin polymerization including copolymerization, characterization of catalysts and polymers, methods for the determination of active center concentration, role of Lewis bases on the catalysts isospecificity, polymerization mechanisms, and synthetic pathways for functionalized polyolefins. The contents are well balanced between fundamental research and application as well as between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst systems.
Download or read book Transition Metals and Organometallics as Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization written by Walter Kaminsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 30 years after the discovery of transition metals and organometal lics as catalysts for olefin polymerization these catalysts did not have lost their fascination. Since 1953 when Karl Ziegler has discovered the catalytic polymerization of ethylene leading to plastically formable polymers which are mechanically stable up to temperatures of about 100°C, synthetic polymers and rubbers have made their way right into private houses. This discovery has been a main impetus for the fast growing production of plastics. The stereoselective poly merization of propylene and other long-chain a-olefins first detected by Giulio Natta leads to an even broadened field of applications. Another enforcing factor were the developments of Standard Oil of Indiana and Phillipps Petroleum Company who engaged in the polymerization of a-olefins supported molybdenum, cobalt and later on chromium catalysts which clearly indicates the wide variety of suitable systems. This kind of research acknowledged merit when in 1963 the Nobel prize of chemistry was awarded to Ziegler and Natta. Although to a great extent there is a technical application for these catalysts, up to now the nature of the active centres and many reaction mechanisms are not completely known.
Download or read book Organometallic Catalysts and Olefin Polymerization written by R. Blom and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Catalysis is more art than science", probably all of you have heard and even used this expression. Whether it is true or not, it alludes to the experience that new catalysts are hard to find, and near impossible to predict. Hard work and a lifetime of experience is invaluable. However, a keen mind might give insight into where to search, but not necessarily about where to find the answers. Historically, "quantum leaps" have often arisen from serendipity - we all know the story about the nickel-contaminated reactor that triggered further research towards the first coordination catalyst for ethene polymerization. Taking advan tage of this event, Karl Ziegler became the first chemist to earn both a Nobel prize and a fortune for the same invention. A broken NMR tube helped Walter Kaminsky discover the effect of high concentrations of methylaluminoxanes as co catalysts for metallocenes. When air reacted with the concentrated trim ethyl aluminum solution, sufficient amounts of methylaluminoxanes were formed, and the lazy catalyst dormant in the NMR tube suddenly became sensationally active. Ziegler and Kaminsky were lucky and had the genius needed to take advantage of their luck.
Download or read book Catalytic Polymerization of Olefins written by Tominaga Keii and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Catalyst Design for Tailor Made Polyolefins written by M. Terano and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1994-11-01 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent development of olefin polymerization catalysts has caused marked changes in both industrial and academic research. Industrial use of homogeneous metallocene catalysts has already begun in the fields of high density polyethylene and syndiotactic polypropylene. Moreover, important data have been obtained from academic investigations which have proved useful for understanding conventional heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts. From the industrial viewpoint, however, heterogeneous high-yield catalysts seem to be more important.The present volume contains invited lectures and contributed papers. The following topics are covered: (1) Heterogeneous Catalysts, (2) Metallocene Catalysts and (3) New Trends in the Polyolefin Industry.
Download or read book Olefin Polymerization written by Palanisamy Arjunan and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyolefins, polymer-based unsaturated hydrocarbons with one C-C bond, are one of the most widely used polymers in the world. They include ethylene and propylene and have well-known applications in such ubiquitous fields as food packaging. This book provides a state-of-the-art perspective on basic research in polyolefin chemistry. Topics include new developments in catalysis of the polymerization, mechanisms of polymerization, and polymer properties.
Download or read book Metathesis Polymerization of Olefins and Polymerization of Alkynes written by Yavuz Imamogammalu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first NATO Advanced Study Institute on Olefin Metathesis and Polymerization Catalysts was held on September 10-22, 1989 in Akcay, Turkey. Based on the fundamental research of RRSchrock, RGrubbs and K.B.Wagener in the field of ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) and alkyne polymerization, these areas gained growing interest within the last years. Therefore the second NATO-ASI held on metathesis reactions was on Ring Opening Metathesis Po lymerization of Olefins and Polymerization of Alkynes on September 3-16, 1995 in Akcay, Turkey. The course joined inorganic, organic and polymer chemists to exchange their knowledge in this field. This volume contains the main and short lectures held in Akcay. To include ADMET reactions better into the title of this volume we changed it into: Metathesis Polymerization of Olefins and Alkyne Polymerization. This volume is addressed to research scientists, but also to those who start to work in the area of olefin metathesis and alkyne polymerization. The topics of the course were: mechanism of ROMP reactions/ new catalysts for ROMP/ new products by ROMP/ new catalysts for ADMET/ new products by ADMETI degradation of polymer by metathesis reactions/ alkyne polymerization and metathesis/ industrial application of metathesis reactions. The Advanced Study Institute was generously sponsored by the Scientific Affairs Division of NATO and the editor gratefully acknowledges this sponsorship. We also thank the Members of the Local Organizing Committee for their engagement on a successful NATO-AS!.
Download or read book Alkene Polymerization Reactions with Transition Metal Catalysts written by Yury Kissin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-03-10 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past 30 years, the field of alkene polymerization over transition metal catalysts underwent several major changes:1. The list of commercial heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts for the synthesis of polyethylene and stereoregular polyolefins was completely renewed affording an unprecedented degree of control over the polymer structure.2. Research devoted to metallocene and other soluble transition-metal catalysis has vastly expanded and has shifted toward complexes of transition metals with multidentate ligands.3. Recent developments in gel permeation chromatography, temperature-rising fractionation, and crystallization fractionation provided the first reliable information about differences between various active centers in transition-metal catalysts.4. A rapid development of high-resolution 13C NMR spectroscopy resulted in greatly expanded understanding of the chemical and steric features of polyolefins and alkene copolymers. These developments require a new review of all aspects of alkene polymerization reactions with transition-metal catalysts. The first chapter in the book is an introductory text for researchers who are entering the field. It describes the basic principles of polymerization reactions with transition-metal catalysts, the types of catalysts, and commercially manufactured polyolefins. The next chapter addresses the principal issue of alkene polymerization catalysis: the existence of catalyst systems with single and multiple types of active centers. The subsequent chapters are devoted to chemistry and stereochemistry of elemental reaction steps, structures of catalyst precursors and reactions leading to the formation of active centers, kinetics of polymerization reactions, and their mechanisms.The book describes the latest commercial polymerization catalysts for the synthesis of polyethylenes and polypropylene The book provides a detailed description of the multi-center nature of commercial Ziegler-Natta catalysts. The book devotes specialized chapters to the most important aspects of transition metal polymerization catalysts: the reactions leading to the formation of active centers, the chemistry and stereochemistry of elemental polymerization steps, reaction kinetics, and the polymerization mechanism. The book contains an introductory chapter for researchers who are entering the field of polymerization catalysis. It describes the basic principles of polymerization reactions with transition-metal catalysts and the types of commercially manufactured polyolefins and copolymersThe book contains over 2000 references, the most recent up to end of 2006.
Download or read book Synthetic and Mechanistic Investigation of Olefin Polymerization Catalyzed by Early Transition Metal Compounds written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the second year we continued to prepare and characterize organoyttrium and organoscandium compounds for use as catalysts for polymerizing simple olefins and diolefins. Simple, one-component systems are being pursued, suitable for chain initiation, propagation, and termination studies. This document is divided into: dicarbollide derivatives of scandium as potential catalysts; design, synthesis, and characterization of the first isospecific [alpha] olefin polymerization catalysts; polymerization of [alpha] olefins and 1,5- hexadiene using organoscandium catalysts; and attempted preparations of diastereomeric Nb and Ta olefin/hydride and olefin/alkyl derivatives.
Download or read book Olefin Polymerization written by Walter Kaminsky and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2006-08-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an enormous velocity, olefin polymerization has expanded to one of the most significant fields in polymers since the first industrial use about 50 years ago. In 2005, 100 million tons of polyolefins were produced - the biggest part was catalyzed by metallorganic compounds. The Hamburg Macromolecular Symposium 2005 with the title "Olefin Polymerization" involved topics such as new catalysts and cocatalysts, kinetics, mechanism and polymer reaction engineering, synthesis of special polymers, and characterization of polyolefins. The conference combined scientists from different disciplines to discuss latest research results of polymers and to offer each other the possibility of cooperation. This is reflected in this volume, which contains invited lectures and selected posters presented at the symposium.
Download or read book Olefin Metathesis and Metathesis Polymerization written by K. J. Ivin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997-01-07 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a follow-up to Ivins Olefin Metathesis, (Academic Press, 1983). Bringing the standard text in the field up to date, this Second Edition is a result of rapid growth in the field, sparked by the discovery of numerous well-defined metal carbene complexes that can act as very efficient initiators of all types of olefin metathesis reaction, including ring-closing metathesis of acyclic dienes, enynes, and dienynes; ring-opening metathesis polymerizationof cycloalkenes, acyclic diene metathesis polymerization; and polymerization of alkynes, as well as simple olefin metathesis. Olefin Metathesis and Metathesis Polymerization provides a broad, up-to-date account of the subject from its beginnings in 1957 to the latest applications in organic synthesis. The book follows the same format as the original, making it useful toteachers and to researchers, and will be of particular interest to those working in the fields of organic chemistry, polymer chemistry, organometallic chemistry, catalysis, materials science and chemical engineering. - Discusses different classes of olefin metathesis and the choice of reaction conditions and catalyst - Considers commercial processes with examples from existing and new technologies - Provides a complete overview of the subject from its beginning to the present day
Download or read book Transition Metal Catalyzed Polymerizations written by Roderic P. Quirk and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1988 with total page 888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Transition Metal Catalyzed Polymerizations held in 1986. The papers provide a broad-based perspective covering recent scientific and technological advances in Ziegler-Natta and metathesis polymerization, including olefin, diene, and acetylene polymerization, and copolymerization. The emphasis on reaction kinetics of polymerizations in different reagent and catalyst environments makes this volume of interest to both academic and industrial researchers.
Download or read book Octahedral Bis phenolate Ether Group IV Metal Complexes for Polymerization and Copolymerization of Alpha olefins written by Elizabeth Tanzini Kiesewetter and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Octahedral group IV bis(phenolate) ether complexes, activated by methylaluminoxane, are highly active and stereospecific [alpha]-olefin polymerization catalysts. X-ray crystallographic analysis reveals the Zr and Hf complexes to be closely isostructural; the bond lengths of the Hf complex are slightly shorter, but the maximum deviation is only 0.062 Å. Despite the structural similarity of the Hf and Zr complexes, the Hf complexes generate more highly stereoselective catalysts. In addition to the influence of the transition metal, the structure of the ligand has a large influence on the stereospecificity. Bis-t-Butyl phenyl substituted complexes of Hf and Zr, when activated by MAO at 50 - 80 °C, generate high molecular weight polypropylene (Mn = 130,000 - 360,000 g/mol) with isotacticities [mmmm]> 0.97 and melting points as high as 165°C. Octahedral group IV bisphenolate ether complexes, activated by methylaluminoxane, were also tested in propylene polymerization in the presence diethyl zinc. Although the Hf and Zr complexes are structurally similar, propylene polymerization behavior of the two catalysts differs significantly in terms of productivity, isospecificity and propensity to incorporate specific regioerrors. 13C-NMR analysis revealed that the type and the number of regioerrors being incorporated into the polymer chain are strongly dependent on the identity of the ligand and the metal. Low molecular weight polypropylene oligomers (Mn = 1700 - 9900 g/mol), generated in the presence of diethyl zinc facilitated end group analysis, which revealed the presence of isobutyl and 2-methylbutyl groups. Octahedral bis(phenolate) catalysts are highly active catalysts for the isospecific polymerization of 1-hexene and the production of high molecular weight ethylene/1-hexene copolymers. These catalysts are active for the production of high molecular weight copolymers even at high temperatures. The reactivity ratios for these complexes were determined; all of the bis(phenolate) complexes tested showed reasonable 1-hexene incorporations. The complexes prepared from the more sterically demanding ligands showed higher incorporations of comonomers than those prepared from the less sterically demanding ligands. Complexes of the type Cp*TiX2(ONR'R'') (Cp* = [Eta]5-C5Me5, X = Me, Cl; R = Et, TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl); X = R' = Me, R'' = tBu) were synthesized by several routes. Upon activation with [Ph3C]+[B(C6F5)4]- and AliBu3, these complexes generate highly active catalysts for propylene polymerization, although significant catalyst deactivation was observed. Activation with B(C6F5)3/AliBu3 or methylaluminoxane (MAO) resulted in reduced polymerization activity; the latter leading to increased catalyst lifetime. Reaction of Cp*Ti(Me)2(ONEt2) and Cp*Ti(Me)2(ONtBu(Me)) with B(C6F5)3 resulted in clean formation of the zwitterionic contact ion pairs, [Cp*Ti(Me)([Eta]2-ONEt2)]+[MeB(C6F5)3]- and [Cp*Ti(Me)([Eta]2-ONtBu(Me))]+[MeB(C6F5)3]- respectively whereas reaction of Cp*Ti(Me)2([Eta]2-ONtBu(Me)) with [Ph3C]+[B(C6F5)4]- resulted in the clean formation of the solvent-separated ion pair [Cp*Ti(Me)([Eta]2-ONtBu(Me))]+[B(C6F5)4]-. Addition of AliBu3 or AlMe3 to the cationic [Cp*Ti(Me)(ONtBu(Me))]+[B(C6F5)4]- resulted in decomposition of the cations.
Download or read book Hydrocarbon Chemistry written by George A. Olah and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-09-08 with total page 1240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an unparalleled contemporary assessment of hydrocarbon chemistry – presenting basic concepts, current research, and future applications. • Comprehensive and updated review and discussion of the field of hydrocarbon chemistry • Includes literature coverage since the publication of the previous edition • Expands or adds coverage of: carboxylation, sustainable hydrocarbons, extraterrestrial hydrocarbons • Addresses a topic of special relevance in contemporary science, since hydrocarbons play a role as a possible replacement for coal, petroleum oil, and natural gas as well as their environmentally safe use • Reviews of prior edition: “...literature coverage is comprehensive and ideal for quickly reviewing specific topics...of most value to industrial chemists...” (Angewandte Chemie) and “...useful for chemical engineers as well as engineers in the chemical and petrochemical industries.” (Petroleum Science and Technology)
Download or read book Polypropylene and other Polyolefins written by S. van der Ven and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 635 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with polyolefins prepared via Ziegler-Natta catalysis, from a polymer chemist's viewpoint, i.e. with emphasis on their preparation and on their basic composition and properties. In addition to chapters on catalysts, polymerization behaviour and polymer properties such as tacticity, crystallinity, morphology etc., a chapter is also devoted to characterization methods. The main part of this work is reserved for polypropylene in all its forms, namely, homopolymer, random copolymer and toughened (`block') copolymers, for which extensive own-experience was present. The other polyolefins are also covered by means of a thorough literature review.This book is intended for scientists active in the field of polyolefins, including catalyst development, but should also prove an invaluable medium in academia to illustrate the growth of understanding in catalysis, kinetics and characterization of a commercially very important class of polymers.
