Download or read book Isomer specific Mechanisms by which Conjugated Linoleic Acid Opposes Human Adipogenesis written by J. Mark Brown and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mechanisms by which Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes Human Adipocyte Delipidation written by Soonkyu Chung and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Obesity is an important health issue, having risen to epidemic proportions in the U.S. Use of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid, has received recent attention due to its potential health benefits including the reduction of fat mass in animals. However, the effectiveness and safety of CLA consumption in humans remains unclear. Our group previously reported that trans-10, cis-12 CLA impaired the conversion of preadipocytes into lipid-filled adipocytes (e.g., differentiation) and caused adipocyte delipidation that involved inflammatory cytokines in a human cell model. However, the isomer-specific mechanism for these events was unknown. Thus, this research examined mechanisms by which trans-10, cis-12 CLA induced adipocyte delipidation, inflammation, and insulin resistance in primary cultures of human adipocytes. Delipidation of adipocytes by trans-10, cis-12 CLA was accompanied by increased lipolysis and changes in the morphology of lipid droplets and the expression and localization of proteins regulating lipid droplet metabolism. This process involved the translational control of adipose differentiated related protein (ADRP) through activation of mTOR/p70S6K/S6 signaling and transcriptional control of perilipin A. Prior to these morphological changes, it was shown that trans-10, cis-12 CLA promoted nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and subsequent induction of interleukin (IL)-6 which were, at least in part, responsible for trans-10, cis-12 CLA-mediated suppression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR)γ target gene expression and insulin sensitivity in human adipocytes. The essential role of NFκB on CLA-induced inflammation was confirmed by using RNA interference. Further studies were conducted examining the localization and characterization of the inflammatory response, including the type of cells involved, using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as the inflammatory agent. It was demonstrated that LPS-induced, NFκB-dependent proinflammatory cytokine expression was predominantly from preadipocytes, which led to, at least in part, the suppression of PPAR activity and adipogenic gene expression and insulin sensitivity. Collectively, these data support the emerging concept that adipose tissue is a dynamic endocrine organ with the capacity to generate inflammatory signals that impact glucose and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, human preadipocytes have the capacity to generate these inflammatory signals induced by trans-10, cis-12 CLA and LPS, subsequently causing insulin resistance in neighboring adipocytes. These studies also revealed that NFκB- and MAPK-signaling mediate inflammation and insulin resistance induced by CLA and LPS. Thus, although the trans-10, cis-12 isomer of CLA may decrease the size and lipid content of human adipocytes, it may also cause insulin resistance, which is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.

Download or read book Anti obesity Mechanisms of Conjugated Linoleic Acid CLA written by Wan Shen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Overweight and obesity are the most widespread nutritional diseases in the U.S., which greatly increase chronic disease risks and mortality. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a relatively efficacious and safe strategy for the weight management. Consumption of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplements or one of its isomers, trans-10, cis-12 (10,12) CLA, has consistently demonstrated reductions in body weight or body fat in human and animal studies. Our lab has demonstrated that 10,12 CLA triggered calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum in human primary adipocytes, which activated downstream inflammatory signaling, resulting in impaired uptake of glucose and fatty acid, and delipidation. However, the upstream signals responsible for these actions are unknown. Therefore, my Aim 1 investigated the upstream mechanism by which 10,12 CLA increases intracellular calcium and inflammatory signaling in human primary adipocytes. The results indicated that phospholipase C plays an important role in 10,12 CLA-mediated activation of intracellular calcium accumulation, inflammatory signaling, delipidation, and insulin resistance in human primary adipocytes. It has been demonstrated that 10,12 CLA increased mRNA levels and protein levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and pro-inflammatory prostaglandins, which have been linked to increased energy expenditure associated with white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and uncoupling of ATP synthesis. It also has been shown that relatively high doses of 10,12 CLA lead to more significant reductions in body fat, but cause a greater level of inflammation, insulin resistance, and steatosis in animals. Therefore, Aims 2 and Aim 3 determined the extent to which a relative low dose of 10,12 CLA or a CLA isomer mixture increases markers of browning in mice and its dependence in inflammatory signaling. In Aim 2, a low threshold dose of 10,12 CLA was found that prevented body fat accumulation with minimum metabolic side-effects in non-obese mice. It was also found that 10,12 CLA-induced browning in WAT was accompanied by increases in mRNA levels of COX-2 and other markers of inflammation. In Aim 3, a relatively low dose of 10,12 CLA reduced body fat and increased browning of WAT in overweight mice, which were independent of inflammatory signaling. Collectively, these findings provide critical insights for the development of reliable dietary strategies for people who take CLA as method to lose weight. However, we still do not know (i) if 10,12 CLA supplementation would effectively reduce body fat in overweight mice when they are continuously fed an American-type, high-fat diet; (ii) potential risks of impaired regulation of body temperature, inflammation, and steatosis due to 10,12 CLA consumption in high fat-fed mice; and (iii) potential mechanisms by which 10,12 CLA reduces body fat in high fat-fed mice."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.

Download or read book Anti adipogenic Mechanism of Conjugated Linoleic Acid written by Kihwa Kang and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Human Health written by Eileen F. Murphy and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and its individual isomers, have been suggested to possess numerous health effects. Some of these effects appear to be isomer-specific and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The application of transcriptomic approaches offers the potential to gain valuable insights into the mechanisms of action of CLA. The present work describes a number of studies using transcriptomic approaches, in which clear isomer-specific effects of CLA on intestinal Ca transport, carcinogensis and lipid metabolism were observed. In relation to the observed enhancement of Ca absorption, trans-10, cis-12 CLA increased paracellular Ca transport, which was associated with changes in the expression of genes encoding components of the tight-junction. In contrast, the trans-10, sis-12 CLA-mediated increase in transcellular Ca transport did not appear to relate to consistent changes in expression of the key genes encoding mediators of this route. Furthermore, trans-10, cis-12 CLA did not augment the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated transcellular transport, suggesting that its effect on this route of Ca transport are mediated through alternative mechanisms. Beyond its effect on Ca transport, the isomer-specific effects of CLA on global gene expression profiles in Caco-2 cells were investigated. In the first such study, to our knowledge, genome-wide analysis showed that trans-10, cis-12 CLA altered the expression of 918 genes in Caco-2 cells, whereas cis-9, trans-11 CLA had no effect on gene expression. While a number of expression patterns in relation to the chemopreventative mechanisms of trans-10, cis-12 CLA in colon cancer were highlighted, potential adverse effects related to intestinal HDL biogenesis and glucose metabolism were evident in the Caco-2 cells. Thus, the use of transcriptomics provides valuable insights into the possible mechanisms of action of CLA in gut cell function and health. An investigation of the effects of CLA supplementation on global gene expression at the shole-body level, using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy adult males, showed altered expression of genes involved in glycogen and haem metabolism and prostaglandin synthesis. However, additional studies are required to further the understanding of the ability of changes in gene expression of PBMC to relate to whole-body effects associated with CLA. While these approaches increase our mechanistic understanding of the role of CLA in health, further research is required to determine the efficacy and safety of CLA in human health and its potential as a functional food ingredient.

Download or read book The Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid CLA Isomers on Obesity related Hypertension written by Vanessa DeClercq and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity -- hypertension -- conjugated linoleic acid -- adipocyte -- adipokines.

Download or read book Milk and Dairy Products in Human Nutrition written by Young W. Park and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-09 with total page 1063 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Milk is nature’s most complete food, and dairy products are considered to be the most nutritious foods of all. The traditional view of the role of milk has been greatly expanded in recent years beyond the horizon of nutritional subsistence of infants: it is now recognized to be more than a source of nutrients for the healthy growth of children and nourishment of adult humans. Alongside its major proteins (casein and whey), milk contains biologically active compounds, which have important physiological and biochemical functions and significant impacts upon human metabolism, nutrition and health. Many of these compounds have been proven to have beneficial effects on human nutrition and health. This comprehensive reference is the first to address such a wide range of topics related to milk production and human health, including: mammary secretion, production, sanitation, quality standards and chemistry, as well as nutrition, milk allergies, lactose intolerance, and the bioactive and therapeutic compounds found in milk. In addition to cow’s milk, the book also covers the milk of non-bovine dairy species which is of economic importance around the world. The Editors have assembled a team of internationally renowned experts to contribute to this exhaustive volume which will be essential reading for dairy scientists, nutritionists, food scientists, allergy specialists and health professionals.

Download or read book Adipocyte Biology and Hormone Signaling written by James M. Ntambi and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text emphasizes the molecular regulation of lipid biogenesis in the context of adipocyte metabolism, differentiation, gene expression, hormone and growth signaling. Many disciplines such as genetics, cell biology and biochemistry are merging to provide a more detailed understanding of the dyamnic role that the fat cell plays in metabolism, disease and signaling.

Download or read book Modern Dietary Fat Intakes in Disease Promotion written by Fabien De Meester and published by Humana. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nutrition and Health series of books have had great success because each volume has the consistent overriding mission of providing health professionals with texts that are essential because each includes (1) a synthesis of the state of the science, (2) timely, in-depth reviews by the leading researchers in their respective ?elds, (3) extensive, up-to-date fully annotated ref- ence lists, (4) a detailed index, (5) relevant tables and ?gures, (6) identi?cation of paradigm shifts and the consequences, (7) virtually no overlap of information between chapters, but targeted, inter-chapter referrals, (8) suggestions of areas for future research, and (9) balanced, data-driven answers to patient as well as health professionals questions which are based upon the totality of evidence rather than the ?ndings of any single study. The series volumes are not the outcome of a symposium. Rather, each editor has the potential to examine a chosen area with a broad perspective, both in subject matter and in the choice of chapter authors. The editor(s), whose training(s) is (are) both research and practice oriented, has(ve) the opportunity to develop a primary objective for their book, de?ne the scope and focus, and then invite the leading authorities to be part of their initiative. The authors are encouraged to provide an overview of the ?eld, discuss their own research, and relate the research ?ndings to potential human health consequences.

Download or read book Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research written by Martin P. Yurawecz and published by The American Oil Chemists Society. This book was released on 1999 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has increased substantially in recent years. As one would expect with any evolving scientific area, research to date has provided more questions than answers. This book provides an up-to-date report of work that is still in progress. The editors document the state of knowledge about CLA as the twentieth century draws to a close.

Download or read book Probiotic Bacteria and Their Effect on Human Health and Well Being written by A. Guarino and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2013-04-29 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our microflora is an individual personal feature, providing a distinct tag to individuals. However, our intestinal microbiome is strongly affected by genetic, nutritional, and other external factors, and evolves with age. An effect of different microbial patterns on health appears very likely as there seem to be specific changes of intestinal microflora associated with various diseases. Specific microbial tags may thus be used as biomarkers of disease: to diagnose it, to monitor its evolution, and eventually to predict its response to treatment. This scenario opens the opportunity for targeting intestinal microflora using probiotics, both for prevention and treatment of an increasing number of conditions. Probiotic therapy is applied either as an adjunct to other treatments or as primary therapy, and evidence of efficacy is accumulating in several conditions, affecting either the intestine or nonintestinal organs. This publication provides an update on probiotics directed at physicians, biologists, biotechnologists, and researchers working in the food industry and agriculture, as well as in the environmental and basic sciences.

Download or read book Nutrient Metabolism written by Martin Kohlmeier and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-05-12 with total page 899 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrient Metabolism, Second Edition, provides a comprehensive overview of the supply and use of nutrients in the human body and how the body regulates intake. Chapters detail the principles determining digestion and absorption of food ingredients and how these compounds and their metabolites get into the brain, cross the placenta and pass through the kidneys. Each nutrient's coverage contains a nutritional summary that describes its function, its food sources, dietary requirements, potential health risks if deficient, and impact of excessive intake. This handbook contains the latest information on the scope of structures, processes, genes and cofactors involved in maintaining a healthy balance of nutrient supplies. Of interest to a wide range of professionals because nutrient issues connect to so many audiences, the book contains a useful link to dietary supplements. - Latest research findings on health and clinical effects of nutrients and of interventions affecting nutrient supply or metabolism - Each nutrient covered contains a nutritional summary describing its function, food sources, dietary requirements, potential health risks if deficient, and impact of excessive intake. - Nutrient information immediately accessible--from source to effect--in one volume

Download or read book Nutritional Pathophysiology of Obesity and its Comorbidities written by Susan Ettinger and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-09-01 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutritional Pathophysiology of Obesity and Its Comorbidities: A Case-Study Approach challenges students and practitioners to understand the role of nutrients within the pathophysiology and development of disease, specifically those diseases which develop as a result of obesity. Through a case-based approach, the author presents complex clinical scenarios that require multiple treatment strategies, including targeted diet modification as an adjuvant to medical therapy. The book is divided into 9 modules and 5 appendices each of which covers aspects of obesity and its comorbidities. Within each module, a case is detailed with relevant history, laboratory and physical data, and follow-up information. Each case is followed by a resource section which delineates current understanding of the pathophysiology of the condition, as well as the actions of nutrients and food components shown to modify these processes. A "further readings" section cites current supporting clinical and basic literature as well as published guidelines. - Explores how obesity is a key player in the pathophysiology of many diseases, including diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, hypertension, and atherosclerosis - Integrates current understandings of the molecular mechanisms of nutrient action on the processes of disease development and treatment - Presents students and early practitioners with complex clinical scenarios through a practical case-based approach

Download or read book Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Abdominal Obesity written by Ronald Ross Watson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-02-26 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Abdominal Obesity focuses on the important roles that exercise, dietary changes, and foods play in promoting as well as reducing visceral fat. Nutritionists, dieticians, and healthcare providers seeking to address the abdominal obesity epidemic will use this comprehensive resource as a tool in their long-term goal of preventing chronic diseases, especially heart, vascular, and diabetic diseases. Experts from a broad range of disciplines are involved in dealing with the consequences of excessive abdominal fat: cardiology, diabetes research, studies of lipids, endocrinology and metabolism, nutrition, obesity, and exercise physiology. They have contributed chapters that define a range of dietary approaches to reducing risk and associated chronic diseases. They begin by defining visceral obesity and its major outcomes; they also discuss the importance and the challenges of dietary approaches to reduce abdominal obesity, as compared to clinical approaches, with major costs and risks. - Offers detailed, well-documented reviews outlining the various dietary approaches to visceral obesity with their benefits and failures - Includes chapters on types of foods, exercise, and supplements in reducing obesity and its chronic clinical companions, especially diabetes and cardiovascular disease - Helps nutritionists, dieticians, and healthcare providers approach patients in making decision about nutritional therapies and clinical treatments for abdominal obesity, from an evidence-based perspective

Download or read book Fat Detection written by Jean-Pierre Montmayeur and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-09-14 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the State-of-the-Art in Fat Taste TransductionA bite of cheese, a few potato chips, a delectable piece of bacon - a small taste of high-fat foods often draws you back for more. But why are fatty foods so appealing? Why do we crave them? Fat Detection: Taste, Texture, and Post Ingestive Effects covers the many factors responsible for the se

Download or read book Bioactive Components in Milk and Dairy Products written by Young W. Park and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-15 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although bioactive compounds in milk and dairy products have been extensively studied during the last few decades – especially in human and bovine milks and some dairy products – very few publications on this topic are available, especially in other dairy species’ milk and their processed dairy products. Also, little is available in the areas of bioactive and nutraceutical compounds in bovine and human milks, while books on other mammalian species are non-existent. Bioactive Components in Milk and Dairy Products extensively covers the bioactive components in milk and dairy products of many dairy species, including cows, goats, buffalo, sheep, horse, camel, and other minor species. Park has assembled a group of internationally reputed scientists in the forefront of functional milk and dairy products, food science and technology as contributors to this unique book. Coverage for each of the various dairy species includes: bioactive proteins and peptides; bioactive lipid components; oligosaccharides; growth factors; and other minor bioactive compounds, such as minerals, vitamins, hormones and nucleotides, etc. Bioactive components are discussed for manufactured dairy products, such as caseins, caseinates, and cheeses; yogurt products; koumiss and kefir; and whey products. Aimed at food scientists, food technologists, dairy manufacturers, nutritionists, nutraceutical and functional foods specialists, allergy specialists, biotechnologists, medical and health professionals, and upper level students and faculty in dairy and food sciences and nutrition, Bioactive Components in Milk and Dairy Products is an important resource for those who are seeking nutritional, health, and therapeutic values or product technology information on milk and dairy products from the dairy cow and speciesbeyond. Areas featured are: Unique coverage of bioactive compounds in milks of the dairy cow and minor species, including goat, sheep, buffalo, camel, and mare Identifies bioactive components and their analytical isolation methods in manufactured dairy products, such as caseins, caseinates, and cheeses; yogurt products; koumiss and kefir; and whey products Essential for professionals as well as biotechnology researchers specializing in functional foods, nutraceuticals, probiotics, and prebiotics Contributed chapters from a team of world-renowned expert scientists

Download or read book Handbook of Food Chemistry written by Peter Chi Keung Cheung and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is intended to be a comprehensive reference for the various chemical aspects of foods and food products. Apart from the traditional knowledge, this book covers the most recent research and development of food chemistry in the areas of functional foods and nutraceuticals, organic and genetically modified foods, nonthermal food processing as well as nanotechnology. This handbook contains both the basic and advanced chemistry both for food research and its practical applications in various food related industries and businesses. This book is appropriate for undergraduates and postgraduates in the academics and professionals from the various disciplines and industries who are interested in applying knowledge of food chemistry in their respective fields.