Download or read book Isolation and Pathogenicity of Naturally Occurring Entomopathogenic Fungi to Clover Root Borer Coleoptera Curculionidae Scolytinae a Pest of Red Clover Seed Crops written by Anis S. Lestari and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Entomopathogenic fungi are cosmopolitan microbial pathogens that cause fungous diseases in a wide range of insects via spore infection. Due to their natural enemy status, they have tremendous potential for use as microbial control agents against insect pests, especially subterranean pests for which few management options are available. The clover root borer (Hylastinus obscurus Marsham) develops belowground, attacks the roots of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and causes a drastic reduction in seed yield. Hylastinus obscurus was controlled with organochlorine pesticides but their use was prohibited due to hazardous effects on the environment, and non-target organisms including humans. Subsequently, no alternative pest management strategy was developed for this pest. Meanwhile, little is known about impacts of entomopathogenic fungi on clover root borer. The current study was conducted to isolate naturally occuring entomopathogenic fungi and assess their pathogenicity against the clover root borer. More than 150 isolates were collected from infected clover root borers and root zone soil samples from five red clover seed production fields in western Oregon. Based on morphologic characters and phylogenetic analyses using ITS sequence data, these belonged to six species - Beauveria bassiana, B. pseudobassiana, Metarhizium brunneum, Isaria fumosorosea, I. farinosa and Lecanicillium muscarium. A laboratory experiment showed that two species of field isolated fungi - B. bassiana and I. fumosorosea were as effective in killing clover root borer adults as commercial sources of M. brunneum and I. fumosorosea when exposed to these fungi in petri dishes with sterile white sand. Subsequently, H. obscurus adults were exposed to four spore concentrations of B. bassiana and M. brunneum separately in cups filled with field collected unsterilized and sterilized soil. There were no significant mortality differences on either sterilized and unsterilized soil. However, at the highest concentration, more than 80% of clover root borers died with M. brunneum while with B. bassiana, the mortality was not significantly different due to high mortality in the negative control. Based on the study, at least six species of entomopathogenic fungi occur naturally in red clover seed production fields in western Oregon, and field isolated fungi are as virulent as commercial fungi against the clover root borer. Further research is needed for evaluation of the pathogenicity of these entomopathogenic fungi under field conditions.
Download or read book Common Root Rot of Red Clover written by Karl Dietrich Fezer and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Insecticide Dusts to Control the Clover Root Borer and the Meadow Spittlebug written by Bernard Auman App and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Conservation Biological Control written by Pedro A. Barbosa and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-06-26 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a comprehensive treatment of how the principles of ecology and conservation biology can be used to maximize biological control. Conservation Biological Control presents various means to modify or manipulate the environment to enhance the activities of natural enemies of pests. It establishes a conceptual link between ecology and the agricultural use of agents for biological control, and discusses both theoretical issues as well as practical management concerns. Certain to be interesting to ecologists and entomologists, this volume will also appeal to scientists, faculty, researchers and students interested in pest management, horticulture, plant sciences, and agriculture. Contains chapters by an international team of leading authorities Establishes a conceptual link between ecology and the agricultural use of agents for biological control Discusses both theoretical issues as well as practical management concerns Provides specific examples of how conservation principles are used to maximize the biological control of pests
Download or read book Use of Microbes for Control and Eradication of Invasive Arthropods written by Ann Hajek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-21 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a diverse presentation about the use of arthropod-specific pathogens for control and eradication of invasive arthropod species. Basic concepts supporting use of pathogens for microbial control are covered as well as societal and environmental concerns.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Stored Product Entomology written by David Hagstrum and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-06-08 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference discusses the fundamentals of stored-product entomology that need to be considered in planning, implementation, and evaluation of a pest management program. It is based on the review of an extensive database of references and many years of research on stored-product insect problems by the expert authors. The information in this book helps answer consumers’ concern about pesticide residues in food by providing helpful IPM and alternative approaches for pest management. It provides the basic information needed to manage pests with and without the use of chemicals. Managing pests requires a thorough understanding of insect biology, behavior, ecology, sampling, pros and cons of management options, and responses of insects to the various management options. This comprehensive book covers all of these topics, beginning with a discussion of the scope of stored-product entomology. It also provides insight into the diversity of foods and habitats utilized by stored-product insects, the types of economic losses attributable to them, and the ways in which an understanding of their biology can be used to study or manage these insects. Insect mobility, sources of insect infestation, sampling, life history, and population growth are discussed as well, as they play an important role in developing an effective sampling program. In addition, decision aids, the cost of management methods, and the resistance of insects to management methods are covered. For insight into the thought process of choosing treatment options, eight pest management methods are thoroughly described, including a statement of the basic operating principle and background information. For help choosing various chemical and nonchemical methods for diverse situations, the advantages, disadvantages and implementation options for each method are given. Students, extension educators, consultants, food industry sanitarians and managers, legislators, regulators, and insect pest management professionals are sure to find information that will help them to improve pest management. Study questions at the end of each chapter Suggested supplemental reading, including books, conference proceeding papers, literature reviews, research papers, government publications, and popular articles General overview of the biology for a basic understanding of pest control issues Guides the reader through the thought process of designing a pest control program or research study Images of the most damaging of stored-product insect pest species for identification of families Quick methods for distinguishing closely related stored-product insect species
Download or read book Plant Communication from an Ecological Perspective written by František Baluška and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-05 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the concept of allelopathy was introduced almost 100 years ago, research has led to an understanding that plants are involved in complex communicative interactions. They use a battery of different signals that convey plant-relevant information within plant individuals as well as between plants of the same species or different species. The 13 chapters of this volume discuss all these topics from an ecological perspective. Communication between plants allows them to share physiological and ecological information relevant for their survival and ?tness. It is obvious that in these very early days of ecological plant communication research we are illuminating only the ‘tip of iceberg’ of the communicative nature of higher plants. Nevertheless, knowledge on the identity and informative value of volatiles used by plants for communication is increasing with breath-taking speed. Among the most spectacular examples are sit- tions where plant emitters warn neighbours about a danger, increasing their innate immunity, or when herbivore-attacked plants attract the enemies of the herbivores (‘cry for help’ and ‘plant bodyguards’ concepts). It is becoming obvious that plants use not only volatile signals but also diverse water soluble molecules, in the case of plant roots, to safeguard their evolutionary success and accomplish self/non-self kin rec- nition. Importantly, as with all the examples of biocommunication, irrespective of whether signals and signs are transmitted via physical or chemical pathways, plant communication is a rule-governed and sign-mediated process.
Download or read book Prospects for Biological Control of Plant Feeding Mites and Other Harmful Organisms written by Daniel Carrillo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-30 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of biological control of harmful organisms by mites is marked by outstanding achievements with a few premiere natural enemies. Early works concentrated on the use of predatory mites for the control of synanthropic flies, More recently, the focus has been mostly on mites of the family Phytoseiidae for the control of plant feeding mites. This is an important family of acarine predators of plant pest mites, which are effectively used in agriculture worldwide. Besides the vast knowledge in several species in this family, there are as well many opportunities for biological control, represented in an array of organisms and through the improvement of management techniques, which are constantly explored by researchers worldwide. This has resulted in an increasing interest in predatory mite species within the families Stigmaeidae, Ascidae, Laelapidae, Rhodacaroidea, Macrochelidae, Erythraeidae and Cheyletidae, among others. This book will compile important developments with predatory mite species within these families, which are emerging as important tools for integrated pest management. New developments with predatory insects and pathogenic organisms attacking mites will also be a subject of this book. Finally, the potential and gaps in knowledge in biological control of acarine plant pests will be addressed.
Download or read book Molecular Identification of Fungi written by Youssuf Gherbawy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-03 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fungi enjoy great popularity in pharmaceutical, agricultural, and biotechnological applications. Recent advances in the decipherment of whole fungal genomes promise an acceleration of these trends. This timely book links scientists from different parts of the world who are interested in the molecular identification of fungi combined with the exploration of the fungal biodiversity in different ecosystems. It provides a compendium for scientists who rely on a rapid and reliable detection of fungal specimens in environmental as well as clinical resources in order to ensure the benefit of industrial and clinical applications. Chapters focus on the opportunities and limits of the molecular marker-mediated identification of fungi. Various methods, procedures and strategies are outlined. Furthermore, the book offers an update of the current progress in the development of fungal molecular techniques, and draws attention to potential and associated problems, as well as integrating theory and practice.
Download or read book Insects and Diseases of Mediterranean Forest Systems written by Timothy D. Paine and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-06 with total page 888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insect and disease issues are often specific to the Mediterranean forest systems rather than shared with the temperate forests. In addition to the specific native insects and diseases, the forests are subject to the invasion of exotic species. The forests are also at risk from high degrees of human activity, including changing patterns of forest fires, land management activities, intensive plantation forestry using introduced timber species from other Mediterranean climate zones, and atmospheric deposition. Combined with elements of global climate change that may disproportionately affect Mediterranean climate systems, this creates a number of significant management issues that are unique to the Mediterranean forests. It is our goal that the information contained in this volume will contribute to understanding the unique aspects of Mediterranean forest systems and to protecting these critical resources.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Insects written by Vincent H. Resh and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-07-22 with total page 1169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Awarded Best Reference by the New York Public Library (2004), Outstanding Academic Title by CHOICE (2003), and AAP/PSP 2003 Best Single Volume Reference/Sciences by Association of American Publishers' Professional Scholarly Publishing Division, the first edition of Encyclopedia of Insects was acclaimed as the most comprehensive work devoted to insects. Covering all aspects of insect anatomy, physiology, evolution, behavior, reproduction, ecology, and disease, as well as issues of exploitation, conservation, and management, this book sets the standard in entomology. The second edition of this reference will continue the tradition by providing the most comprehensive, useful, and up-to-date resource for professionals. Expanded sections in forensic entomology, biotechnology and Drosphila, reflect the full update of over 300 topics. Articles contributed by over 260 high profile and internationally recognized entomologists provide definitive facts regarding all insects from ants, beetles, and butterflies to yellow jackets, zoraptera, and zygentoma. 66% NEW and revised content by over 200 international experts New chapters on Bedbugs, Ekbom Syndrome, Human History, Genomics, Vinegaroons Expanded sections on insect-human interactions, genomics, biotechnology, and ecology Each of the 273 articles updated to reflect the advances which have taken place in entomology research since the previous edition Features 1,000 full-color photographs, figures and tables A full glossary, 1,700 cross-references, 3,000 bibliographic entries, and online access save research time Updated with online access
Download or read book Bark and Wood Boring Insects in Living Trees in Europe a Synthesis written by François Lieutier and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-24 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the first time, a synthesis on the research work done in Europe on all Bark And Wood Boring Insects In Living Trees (BAWBILT) is presented. As final product of a four-year research project gathering together 100 scientists from 24 countries, the book is the fruit of a real collective synthesis in which all European specialists have participated. It reviews and comments on all the European literature, while considering the biological (trees, insects, associated organisms, and their relationships) and forest management aspects. However, although focused on the European forest, it also compares the available information and interpretations to those concerning similar species in other continents. It ends with propositions of research priorities for Europe. The book is directed to all scientists and students concerned with forest entomology and ecology, as well as to forest managers and all scientific public interested in forest biology.
Download or read book Symbiotic Soil Microorganisms written by Neeraj Shrivastava and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-30 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores microbial symbiosis, with a particular focus on soil microorganisms, highlighting their application in enhancing plant growth and yield. It addresses various types of bacterial and fungal microbes associated with symbiotic phenomena, including rhizobium symbiosis, arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, algal/lichen symbiosis, and Archeal symbiosis. Presenting strategies for employing a diverse range of bacterial and fungal symbioses in nutrient fortification, adaptation of plants in contaminated soils, and mitigating pathogenesis, it investigates ways of integrating diverse approaches to increase crop production under the current conventional agroecosystem. Providing insights into microbial symbioses and the challenges of adopting a plant-microbe synergistic approach towards plant health, this book is a valuable resource for researchers, graduate students and anyone in industry working on bio-fertilizers and their agricultural applications.
Download or read book Natural Enemies of Insect Pests in Neotropical Agroecosystems written by Brígida Souza and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-01-21 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to address the importance of natural enemies and functional diversity for biological control in Neotropical agroecosystems. Several aspects related to the conservation of natural enemies, such as vegetation design and climate change, are discussed in Part 1 and the bioecology of several insects groups used in biological control in Latin America is presented in Part 2. Part 3 is devoted to mass production of natural enemies while Part 4 describes how these insects have been used to control of pests in major crops, forests, pasture, weeds and plant diseases. Lastly, Part 5 reports Latin-American experiences of integration of biological in pest management programs.
Download or read book Ecofriendly Pest Management for Food Security written by Omkar and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-02-03 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecofriendly Pest Management for Food Security explores the broad range of opportunity and challenges afforded by Integrated Pest Management systems. The book focuses on the insect resistance that has developed as a result of pest control chemicals, and how new methods of environmentally complementary pest control can be used to suppress harmful organisms while protecting the soil, plants, and air around them. As the world’s population continues its rapid increase, this book addresses the production of cereals, vegetables, fruits, and other foods and their subsequent demand increase. Traditional means of food crop production face proven limitations and increasing research is turning to alternative means of crop growth and protection. Addresses environmentally focused pest control with specific attention to its role in food security and sustainability. Includes a range of pest management methods, from natural enemies to biomolecules. Written by experts with extensive real-world experience.
Download or read book Field Crop Arthropod Pests of Economic Importance written by Peter A. Edde and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-08-21 with total page 1004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Field Crop Arthropod Pests of Economic Importance presents detailed descriptions of the biology and ecology of important arthropod pest of selected global field crops. Standard management options for insect pest control on crops include biological, non-chemical, and chemical approaches. However, because agricultural crops face a wide range of insect pests throughout the year, it can prove difficult to find a simple solution to insect pest control in many, if not most, cropping systems. A whole-farm or integrated pest management approach combines cultural, natural, and chemical controls to maintain insect pest populations below levels that cause economic damage to the crop. This practice requires accurate species identification and thorough knowledge of the biology and ecology of the target organism. Integration and effective use of various control components is often enhanced when the target organism is correctly identified, and its biology and ecology are known. This book provides a key resource toward that identification and understanding. Students and professionals in agronomy, insect detection and survey, and economic entomology will find the book a valuable learning aid and resource tool. Includes insect synonyms, common names, and geographic distribution Provides information on natural enemies Is thoroughly referenced for future research
Download or read book Advances in Plant Microbiome and Sustainable Agriculture written by Ajar Nath Yadav and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-31 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbes are ubiquitous in nature, and plant-microbe interactions are a key strategy for colonizing diverse habitats. The plant microbiome (epiphytic, endophytic and rhizospheric) plays an important role in plant growth and development and soil health. Further, rhizospheric soil is a valuable natural resource, hosting hotspots of microbes, and is vital in the maintenance of global nutrient balance and ecosystem function. The term endophytic microbes refers to those microorganisms that colonize the interior the plants. The phyllosphere is a common niche for synergism between microbes and plants and includes the leaf surface. The diverse group of microbes are key components of soil-plant systems, and where they are engaged in an extensive network of interactions in the rhizosphere/endophytic/phyllospheric they have emerged as an important and promising tool for sustainable agriculture. Plant microbiomes help to directly or indirectly promote plant growth using plant growth promoting attributes, and could potentially be used as biofertilizers/bioinoculants in place of chemical fertilizers. This book allows readers to gain an understanding of microbial diversity associated with plant systems and their role in plant growth, and soil health. Offering an overview of the state of the art in plant microbiomes and their potential biotechnological applications in agriculture and allied sectors, it is a valuable resource for scientists, researchers and students in the field of microbiology, biotechnology, agriculture, molecular biology, environmental biology and related subjects.
