Download or read book Is the Army Reserve an Operational Force a Strategic Reserve Or a Mix of Both written by Howard M. Keebler and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States Army Reserves (USAR) role has changed multiple times throughout its history. It was founded as a medical reserve corps. In that role, it supplied individual replacements to the Army. The USAR continued to be developed into a Cold War force. It would then change again from a Cold War force to a modular force operating in the 21st century. Since the attacks on the World Trade Center, the Army and its Reserve Components (RC) have faced new challenges. The Army has had to rethink and assess what role the USAR will play in the future. Department of Defense (DOD) Directive 1200.17 dated October 29 2008 defines that role. It describes the role of the RCs as providing operational capabilities and strategic depth to meet all requirements across the full spectrum of conflict. This paper will review the roles described in the DOD directive. The thesis will establish how the United States reserve force was created and then the purpose of having a reserve force. It will then establish the strategic reserve role played by the USAR. This will be accomplished by an in depth historical perspective of the USAR. The historical perspective will include the creation of the USAR through the Gulf War.
Download or read book Reserve Forces written by John H. Pendleton and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-04 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Army Reserve Vision Strategy 2020 written by Jack C. Stultz and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nation and the Department of Defense are at a seminal point in US history. With the drawdown of forces in Iraq nearing, and the drawdown in Afghanistan proposed within the next several years, a decline in Department of Defense budgets is expected for the near to mid-term while still preparing for future operations in an unstable and complex security environment. Choices made now will determine the Army force mix and capability in 2020. A composite force optimized to provide available, effective expeditionary enablers, with robust strategic depth at reduced cost, is an essential capability needed by our combatant commanders. Simply put, we are an operational Army Reserve that efficiently provides support to the Army and combatant commanders. When employed as an operational force, the Army Reserve offers both strategic agility and depth and is a cost-effective solution in a resource-constrained environment. The Army Reserve 2020 Strategy supports the National Military Strategy by envisioning an enduring operational Army Reserve in full support of combatant commanders and Army requirements in an uncertain security environment.
Download or read book Ready Reliable and Relevant written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2017-03-03 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Army Reserve Component (RC) has a major role in America's Global War on Terror (GWOT). Over the past decade and a half, the Army National Guard (ARNG) and the United States Army Reserve (USAR) have mobilized hundreds of thousands of Soldiers in support of contingency operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, as well as to numerous other missions worldwide and throughout the Continental United States (CONUS). They have proven their capabilities and exceeded operational expectations, successfully transitioning from the strategic reserve force of the Cold War era to a well-trained and experienced operational reserve force of the GWOT era. The problem facing the Department of Defense (DOD), is determining the future utilization of RC forces, specifically their operational role, their implementation, and the development of a suitable mobilization authority that will support a broad spectrum of future operational requirements. This monograph presents two primary arguments. First, the Army RC should continue its role as an operational reserve in support of future operational requirements. Second, continuing the use of the Army RC as an operational reserve requires the implementation of a new mobilization authority, one that will be more lasting, functional, and suitable for the current operating environment. This monograph presents two key proposals including the sustainment of the RC as an operational reserve, and a comprehensive plan for the implementation of a new mobilization authority. The action plan for these proposals includes a recommended framework and guidelines for a new mobilization authority that will achieve the goals of maintaining the use of RC forces as an operational reserve while modernizing the mobilization process to meet the demands of the current operating environment. A new and improved mobilization authority will allow Army RC forces to remain ready, reliable and relevant, capable of supporting future operational requirements of the 21st century. This monograph presents two primary arguments. First, the Army RC should continue its role as an operational reserve in support of future operational requirements. Second, continuing the use of the Army RC as an operational reserve requires the implementation of a new mobilization authority, one that will be more lasting, functional, and suitable for the current operating environment. There are five principal factors supporting the continued use of the Army RC as an operational reserve. First, over three quarters of a million Army RC Soldiers representing a large scale of ARNG and USAR units have mobilized since September 11, 2001 (9/11) in support of OEF, OIF, OND, and ONE, demonstrating the proven capabilities and very significant operational role of the Army RC in America's GWOT. 2 Second, as the Regular Army (RA) decreases its end strength, projected to fall to as low as 440,000 to 450,000 Soldiers by 2019, the RC can expect ongoing mobilizations and a substantial operational role. Third, current force structure allocations include a large volume of the Army's critical support units in the RC, including sustainment units and those historically categorized as combat support (i.e., chemical, engineer, military police, and signal units), as well as civil affairs and medical units. Maintaining such a large volume of the Army's support force structure in the RC increases the likelihood of their operational use for future operational requirements.
Download or read book Army Force Structure written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1993-07 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews the Army's planned force reduction and the roles that will be assigned to Army Reserve and National Guard forces. Addresses the factors influencing the Army's decisions on future reserve roles, rationale behind its planned reserve force reductionsk, and opportunities to more effectively use the reserves in the downsized force. Charts and tables.
Download or read book The Army s Operational Reserve Force written by Joseph Baldwin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reserve components of today's United States Army are, by both necessity and design, part of the operational force. Based on the anticipated strategic environment the Army has made a conscious decision to institutionalize the operational reserve force, an operational role which the reserve components will have to execute for the foreseeable future. To complete the "explicit evolution" of the Army's reserve components to an operational force, implications must be examined and addressed within the context of progressive readiness and cyclic deployments. The evolution toward an operational reserve force began in 1973 with the Total Force Policy. However, the implications of this change were not initially recognized. A critical capability gap resulted from a mismatch between decisions that increased operational reliance on the reserve components and the policy and resourcing decisions during the last quarter of the twentieth century. This paper will explain why an operational reserve force is being considered, examine the practical differences between a strategic reserve and an operational reserve, and identify critical implications of transitioning the Army's reserve components into a feasible, sustainable, operational reserve force.
Download or read book Assessing the Army s Active reserve Component Force Mix written by Joshua Klimas and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New defense strategic guidance and budget reductions as the United States draws down its forces in Afghanistan have led the Army to reassess how it balances the mix of forces between its active component (AC) and its two reserve components (RCs), the Army National Guard and the U.S. Army Reserve. Multiple factors should influence AC-RC force mix decisions, including the capabilities that AC and RC forces provide and their cost. This report describes analyses from an ongoing stream of RAND research on the Army's AC-RC force mix. It focus on two critical aspects of capabilities and cost: (1) the time needed to make forces ready to deploy abroad in a crisis and (2) the costs of AC and RC forces to sustain the same level of deployed output for rotational missions. It finds that the factors that make RC units cost less than AC units, on average, can also make them less rapidly deployable in the event of unexpected contingencies - namely in terms of the amount of time personnel are available to train. The report also identifies the circumstances under which either AC or RC forces can sustain a given level of deployed output at a lower cost. Finally, it shows that differences in capabilities and cost depend of the type of unit. For example, many smaller support and logistics units tend to have an advantage in the RC, while some larger ground combat and aviation units have an advantage in the AC. Policymakers should consider both capability and cost as they weigh AC-RC force mix decisions.
Download or read book Army Reserve written by David W. Spence and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the Army and Army Reserve future force plans, senior leader vision, Army Reserve history, structure, transformation, modernization, deployment and employment, and funding. It attempts to make some judgments on relevant policies and strategies and make actionable recommendations on the future of the Army Reserve. Culminating the first 100 years of its unique history, the Army Reserve has experienced an unprecedented and profound mobilization, operational tempo (OPTEMPO), and transformation while supporting the Army in the Global War on Terror (GWOT). Over six years of continuous deployments and sustained combat operations have severely stretched and stressed the nation's ground forces, including the Army Reserve. When the 2008 election ends, the political landscape will change again of course, and the Army Reserve, while now in the midst of transforming itself to an operational force, will undoubtedly find itself existing and functioning within the context of altered, if not new, policy and strategies that will affect how the Army continues to prosecute "the long war" - and perhaps with a severely constrained budget. Moreover, after military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan eventually end and military forces are subsequently withdrawn, the Army Reserve will need putting back together along with the rest of the Army. However, will we place the Army Reserve back on the proverbial shelf to become a strategic reserve of last resort again or continue using it as a valued and effective operational force for the next hundred years?
Download or read book Total Force written by Charles E. Heller and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Never before in peacetime has the United States placed so much emphasis and reliance on the Armed Forces' Reserve Components. Since the Total Force Policy was introduced by Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird in 1970, this dependency has grown even more. The 1990 mobilization for OPERATION DESERT SHIELD and the follow-on offensive OPERATION DESERT STORM in 1991 validated the use of the Reserve Components for contingency operations and guaranteed the policy's extension for the foreseeable future. Yet, even with the renewed emphasis on the Reserve Components' roles, their legal basis, mission, mobilization, training, force structure, and relationship to their respective Active Component remain relatively little understood. There are relatively few, if any, single source references pertaining to these Reserve Component areas. This report responds to the growing strategic importance of the Armed Forces Reserve Components. Declining defense budgets leading to small Active Component forces, coupled with inherent dangers facing the world community in a multipolar world, makes the use of Reserve forces on a recurring basis a necessity. This is especially true for Reserve Combat Support and Combat Service Support Forces not readily available in the Active Components. In essence, because of the relatively short time in which contingency operations unfold, the Reserve Components have become the Nation's strategic reserve insurance policy.
Download or read book Operational Reservations written by John D. Ellis and published by Department of the Army. This book was released on 2014 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the Army Reserve Components -- the Army Reserve and the Army National Guard -- assume an "operational" mission as the force drawdowns in overseas contingency operations occur, the Army senior military and civilian leadership should consider the ramifications and realities of such a mission in what is expected to be a relatively peaceful time. This monograph explores some of these considerations regarding the implementation of the Army Total Force Policy, identifies potential obstacles, and makes recommendations to better engage the "three Armies" in a successful and meaningful reform effort. Throughout, the authors call for significant cultural shifts in thinking about how the Reserve Components are used and integrated into a Total Force.
Download or read book Reserve Forces written by United States Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-09-20 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since September 11, 2001, the Army has heavily used its reserve components-the Army National Guard and Army Reserve-for ongoing operations even though they were envisioned and resourced to be strategic reserves. A congressional commission, the Department of Defense (DOD), and the Army have concluded the Army will need to continue to use its reserve components as an operational force. The transition will require changes to force structure as well as manning and equipping strategies that could cost billions of dollars. The 2009 Defense Authorization Act directed GAO to study this transition. This report provides additional information on (1) progress and challenges the Army faces, (2) to what extent the Army has estimated costs for the transition and included them in its projected spending plans, and (3) the effect of the operational role on the Guard's availability to state governors for domestic missions. GAO examined planning, policy, and budget documents, and relevant sections of Titles 10 and 32 of the U.S. Code; and met with DOD, Army, reserve component, and state officials.
Download or read book Reserve Forces written by United States Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ongoing operations in Iraq and Afghanistan have required the deployment of large numbers of Army National Guard and Army Reserve personnel. The Department of Defense (DOD) faces the unprecedented challenge of sustaining large-scale, long-duration operations with an all-volunteer military force. In addition, DOD's homeland defense missions have taken on higher priority, and National Guard forces have state responsibilities for homeland security activities as well as their traditional roles in responding to natural disasters. Over the past few years, GAO has examined the effects of ongoing military operations and domestic missions on the Army National Guard and Army Reserve. This statement, which draws on prior GAO work, focuses on (1) challenges in sustaining Army reserve component equipment and personnel readiness while supporting ongoing operations and (2) the extent to which the Army's planned transformation initiatives will alleviate equipment and personnel shortages and enhance readiness. The Army National Guard and Army Reserve have made significant contributions to ongoing military operations, but equipment shortages and personnel challenges have increased and, if left unattended, may hamper the reserves' preparedness for future overseas and domestic missions. To provide deployable units, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve have transferred large quantities of personnel and equipment to deploying units, an approach that has resulted in growing shortages in nondeployed units. Also, reserve units have left significant quantities of equipment overseas and DOD has not yet developed plans to replace it. The Army National Guard reports that its units have less than one-third of their required equipment, and the Army Reserve reports that its units have about half of the modern equipment they need to deploy. These shortages could also adversely affect reserve units' ability to perform homeland defense missions and provide support to civil authorities in the event of natural disasters or terrorist attacks. The Army also faces shortages of personnel trained in some high-demand skills. These readiness challenges have occurred because the Army reserve components' role has shifted from a strategic reserve force to an operational force that is being used on an ongoing basis. However, DOD has not fully reassessed its equipment, personnel, and training needs and developed a new model for the reserves appropriate to the new strategic environment. GAO has made recommendations that DOD conduct a comprehensive reassessment of equipment, personnel, training, and funding requirements given the reserve components' shift to an operational role, but DOD's progress to date in addressing them has been limited. Without a comprehensive reassessment of equipment and personnel policies, the Army's reserve components may not be well prepared to deal with future events at home or abroad. The Army has begun two transformational initiatives intended to enhance reserve units' ability to conduct 21st century operations and plans to spend over $24 billion for equipment over the next 5 years. These initiatives are significant, but the extent to which they will alleviate equipment and personnel challenges is unclear. The Army faces challenges in managing both
Download or read book Beyond an Operational Reserve written by Ronald W. Burkett (II) and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Commission of the National Guard and Reserve was established by Congress in 2005 under the authority of the Ronald Reagan National Defense Authorization Act. Congress chartered the commission to examine the Reserve component of the United States Military and to make recommendations to ensure the National Guard and other Reserve components were organized, trained, and equipped to meet current and future defense requirements. The commission released its final report in 2006 urging Congress to take immediate steps to operationalize the Reserve, stating the Reserve components could no longer be held back as the nation's strategic reserve. That same year, each of the Service posture statements included verbiage proclaiming the necessity for sustaining an Operational Reserve; a new requirement necessitated by a growing dependence on the Reserve to augment the Active component in the post-Cold War strategic environment. History shows that the National Guard and Reserve has routinely served in an operational capacity to both expand capacity and to relieve stress on the Active force. The notion that the Reserve component was held in strategic reserve is inaccurate. When the draft ended, the Department of Defense embarked on a Total Force concept to integrate the capabilities of the Active and Reserve components and adopted the Total Force Policy in 1973. The Services were required to apply the policy to all aspects of planning to include manning, equipping, and budget programming. The Total Force approach was intended to serve as the foundation for achieving a force balance between Active and Reserve components. Through the integrated capabilities of the Total Force, the United States military would meet both operational and strategic force requirements. Current efforts to sustain an Operational Reserve as part of the Operational Force are designed to insure the Services have properly integrated component capabilities, but not a departure from the historical use of the Reserve. The need to balance the force, to define the mission and roles of the Reserve in an evolving strategic environment, and to maintain the confidence that the Reserve is trained, equipped, and ready to meet these challenges are all reoccurring trends. To address these trends, part of the effort must include defining strategic and operational force requirements; however, consistent application of the Total Force Policy will be required to reverse the trends." -- Abstract
Download or read book Reserve Forces Army Needs to Finalize an Implementation Plan and Funding Strategy for Sustaining an Operational Reserve Force written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since September 11, 2001, the Army has heavily used its reserve components -- the Army National Guard and Army Reserve -- for ongoing operations even though they were envisioned and resourced to be strategic reserves. A congressional commission, the Department of Defense (DoD), and the Army have concluded that the Army will need to continue to use its reserve components as an operational force. The transition will require changes to force structure as well as manning and equipping strategies that could cost billions of dollars. The 2009 Defense Authorization Act directed GAO to study this transition. This report provides additional information on the following: (1) progress and challenges the Army faces, (2) to what extent the Army has estimated costs for the transition and included them in its projected spending plans, and (3) the effect of the operational role on the Guard's availability to state governors for domestic missions. GAO examined planning, policy, and budget documents, and relevant sections of Titles 10 and 32 of the U.S. Code; and met with DoD, Army, reserve component, and state officials. GAO recommends that the Army finalize an implementation plan and cost estimates for the transition to an operational force, and include transition costs in its funding plans. In comments on a draft of this report, DoD agreed with GAO's recommendations.
Download or read book The Army National Guard and Army Reserve written by Carl L. White and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Army National Guard (ARNG) and the United States Army Reserve (USAR) are an integral element of the total force and employed as an Operational force since Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), while resourced as a Strategic reserve. The current level of foreign and domestic operational demands exceed the available supply of Active Component forces and these demands will not decrease in the foreseeable future. In order to sufficiently meet the current and future operational demands, the Department of Defense (DoD) and the Department of the Army (DA) must transform the ARNG and USAR from a Strategic reserve to an Operational Reserve. This transformation requires fundamental reforms in Reserve Components (RC) homeland defense/homeland security roles and missions; personnel management systems, equipping and training policies, family and employer support policies, the organizations and structures used to manage the RC, and funding. The Department of the Army, the ARNG, and the USAR all fundamentally agree on the general definition of an Operational Reserve. However, there is not a consensus on the detailed objectives and metrics necessary to achieve the desired end state. This is one of several issues currently impeding progress in achieving this objective. The Department of the Army, the ARNG, and the USAR collectively must clearly define the specific attributes of an Operational Reserve to include the appropriate employment, support policies and resources. This paper will examine the work that DA has completed thus far. It will identify the strengths and weaknesses of the work as well as outline some detailed measurable attributes of an Operational Reserve. It will conclude with some specific changes DA must implement to the process and process oversight structure to achieve these objectives.
Download or read book The Reserve Policies of Nations written by Richard Weitz and published by Strategic Studies Institute U. S. Army War College. This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work provides a comprehensive assessment of critical developments in the reserve policies of the world's major military powers as well as a wealth of data on recent developments affecting the reserve policies of Australia, Britain, Canada, China, France, Germany, Israel Japan, and Russia.
Download or read book Sustaining the Army s Reserve Components as an Operational Force written by Christopher M. Schnaubelt and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report identifies emerging policy lessons regarding the use of, and reforms to, the U.S. Army's Reserve Components (RCs) as an operational reserve derived from analyses of their contributions to Operations Enduring Freedom, Iraqi Freedom, New Dawn, and other recent contingency operations. These lessons can be applied to sustain the readiness of the U.S. Army Reserve and Army National Guard in future contingencies.
