Download or read book Irrigation and Canopy Management Effect on Grape and Wine Phenolic Profile in San Joaquin Valley written by Antonios Marinos (Graduate student) and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Interactive Effects of Mechanical Canopy Management and Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Syrah Grapevines in the San Joaquin Valley written by Dave Terry and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparisons of 17 Red Wine Grape Vitis Vinifera L Cultivars Under Deficit Irrigation Over Four Years in the San Joaquin Valley of California written by Alexander David Levin and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, deliveries of water for agricultural use in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) of California have been reduced, or in some instances cut all together. Since 1980, the acreage of annual crops has decreased by 40%, while the acreage of perennial crops has increased by 77%. Recent research has shown that perennial crops have a higher potential for water conservation. Also, it has been shown that yields do not decrease significantly under some moderate levels of water stress. As trends in California agriculture shift away from traditional field crops, more detailed information is needed on the amount of water required to grow tree and vine crops. Vineyards now account for nearly half of the total acreage of woody perennial crops in California. Worldwide, approximately 10,000 grapevine cultivars are grown on over 8 million hectares of land covering a wide range of climates, from hot and dry to cold and wet. This apparent genetic diversity has led researchers to group different cultivars according to the drought responses of numerous vegetative and reproductive parameters. However, no studies have utilized an established cultivar trial to directly compare multiple cultivars grown at the same site and subjected to the same water stress. Growers in the SJV would have the most potential to conserve water if the more was known about how individual cultivars response to drought at different times of the growing season. Seventeen different red wine grape V. vinifera L. cultivars grafted on to the same rootstock (1103P) were grown in a replicated cultivar trial, and subjected to three different deficit irrigation regimes over four years in order to manipulate [psi][subscript l] at various times throughout the growing season. An early deficit treatment (ED) received no applied water from berry set until veraison, and then was irrigated at 50% of ET[subscript c] from veraison until harvest. A late deficit treatment (LD) was irrigated at 100% ET[subscript c] from berry set until veraison, and then received no applied water until harvest. The sustained deficit treatment (SD) was irrigated at 50% of ET[subscript c] from berry set until harvest. Previous work has categorized wine grape cultivars into ‘isohydric’ or ‘anisohydric’ groups based on the response of stomatal conductance (g[subscript s]) to plant water status (leaf water potential ([psi][subscript l])). Significant differences in l among cultivars were observed during both time periods, but the effects of the water deficits were consistent across growing seasons. There were no significant differences in maximum stomatal conductance (g[subscript max]) among cultivars. Cultivar-specific responses of g[subscript s] to [psi][subscript l] did not separate into two distinct groups, but were broadly distributed based on a negative relationship between the [psi][subscript l] threshold for the beginning of stomatal closure at 95% of g[subscript max] and the rate of stomatal closure. Cultivar mean [psi][subscript l] values were positively related to the [psi][subscript l] threshold for the end of stomatal closure at 25% of g[subscript max]. Potential mechanisms of stomatal closure related to vascular anatomy are discussed. The quantitative models of g[subscript s] response to [psi][subscript l] presented in this study provide baseline threshold [psi][subscript l] values from which to compare cultivars in future research. With increasing competition for water resources, accurate information regarding crop water requirements is needed for informed irrigation management decisions. Early (preveraison) water deficits (ED-treatment) consistently and significantly reduced yields compared to the control across all years and cultivars, but the late (post-veraison) deficit (LD) treatment vines were not different from the control. The reduction in yield with ED was primarily due to a significant reduction in berry fresh weight (FW), and clusters per vine, with little change in berries per cluster. The LD treatment had a limited effect on berry FW and did not affect other yield components. Variation in yield was mostly due to berries per vine rather than berry FW, although this depended on cultivar. There were also cultivar differences in the proportion of variation in berries per vine explained by either clusters per vine or berries per cluster. Irrigation treatment or applied water amounts did not have a consistent effect on the water footprint but it was strongly dependent on yield. Implications of the timing of water deficits on the productivity of wine grapes in the SJV are discussed with respect to cultivar differences in yield formation. Previous research has shown that berry size is the most important component in grapevine yield, and that the sensitivity of grape berry growth to water deficits depends on the timing of those deficits. Berry growth was significantly reduced in ED for every cultivar, and berry absolute and relative growth rates (AGR and RGR, respectively) were significantly lower at the first measurement date after imposition of irrigation treatments. RGR was consistently higher in ED compared to SD and LD postveraison, but lost growth was not made up for in ED berries at harvest. AGR and RGR were significantly more sensitive to vine water status preveraison compared to postveraison for all cultivars. Ripening rate was highly conserved across cultivars and years, and was only slightly (but significantly) reduced in ED compared to SD and LD. In comparison, sugar translocation rate varied widely among cultivars and years, and was significantly different among all irrigation treatments. Sugar translocation rate depended strongly on berry size at veraison, but ripening rate did not. Irrigation treatments and cultivars affected the timing of ripening events independently with no interaction, and the timing of events was more dependent on berry sugar concentration (TSS) than days after anthesis (DAA). The results of this study may provide growers with cultivar-specific pre- and postveraison vine water status targets for irrigation scheduling, as well as assist with the timing of vineyard operations through better understanding of the timing of ripening events near the end of the season.
Download or read book Effect of Cultivar and Canopy Management Practices on Yield Fruit Composition Vegetative Growth and Wine Quality of Grapevines Grown in the Southern San Joaquin Valley California written by Jon Allan Affonso and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Canopy and Irrigation Management Effects on Grape Acidity written by Evan Fritzke and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grapes harvested in warm climates like eastern Washington often have lower amounts of acid than grapes harvested in cooler climates. Acidity plays a central sensory role especially in white wines due to their lack of tannins. Low acid wines with high pH are also more susceptible to microbial spoilage. Climate change will heighten acidity issues by causing hotter growing season temperatures and harsher water stress. Thus, there is a need to determine which management practices will aid in the preservation of acidity. Three canopy management treatments, two irrigation strategies, and two white wine grape varieties, Riesling and Chardonnay, were tested in a field trial at the WSU Roza vineyard in 2020 and 2021. These varieties were chosen with consultation from industry members, and their differences in acidity profiles will provide an interesting comparison. Vines either had leaf removal and shading, just leaf removal, or no treatment at all (control). These canopy treatments were replicated over vines receiving full or deficit irrigation, defined as half the amount of water applied in the full irrigation treatment. We hypothesized that removing leaves on the east side of the fruit zone after fruit set will stimulate acid production. We also hypothesized that repositioning shoots to shade berries after they begin to ripen will limit the loss of acidity during ripening. Berries were sampled throughout the growing season to track the changes in acidity as well as the effects of the treatments on berry acidity. Canopy treatments caused significant changes in fruit zone temperature, but these changes did not correlate well with any changes in fruit composition. Vines in the full irrigation regime retained more acidity than water stressed vines. These changes in acidity were primarily differences in titratable acidity and malate concentrations. Irrigation treatments did not negatively impact other quality parameters such as pH, total soluble solids, or potassium concentrations.
Download or read book The Response of Three Year old Thompson Seedless Grapevines to Drip and Furrow Irrigation in the San Joaquin Valley written by Francisco Jose Araujo and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impact of Different Irrigation Strategies on Grapes and Wine Quality of Four Grapevine Cultivars Vitis Sp in Cool Climate Conditions An Investigation Into the Relationships Among ABA Water Status Grape Cultivar and Wine Quality written by Gabriel Balint and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Irrigation and Canopy Management on Vine Water Relations Plant Microclimate Berry Growth and Productivity in Vitis Vinifera Cv Cabernet Sauvignon written by Marcelo Jose Belmonte and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Deficit Irrigation and Canopy Management Practices to Improve Water Use Efficiency and Profitability of Wine Grapes written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Integrated Irrigation and Canopy Management Strategies for Vitis Vinifera Cv Shiraz written by Rachel Margaret Ashley and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tests whether partial rootzone drying integrated with low input, minimal pruning practice can improve the sustainability of winegrape production in warm-climate, irrigated vineyards. Investigates 3 conventional pruning practices: hand spur pruning, mechanical hedging and minimal pruning integrated with standard drip and partial rootzone drying irrigation strategies. Sustainability was determined nu examining yield, fruit composition, wine, composition and quality, vine physiology and susceptibility of bunches to Botrytis bunch rot. Results show that partial rootzone drying combined with minimal pruning is preferred.
Download or read book Canopy Management Effects on Yield Fruit and Wine Quality Pruning Weight and Fruit Rot of Norton Grapevines written by Xinyi Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Norton (Vitis aestivalis Michx) is a vigorous grape cultivar that grows a dense canopy. This leads to shade in the fruiting zone that negatively affects fruit quality. Canopy management is thought to reduce canopy density and overcome this negative effect. Shoot thinning, shoot positioning, leaf removal, and summer lateral removal were done in various combinations of five treatments. Three of the treatments with opened canopies increased light and ventilation in the fruiting zone. Total fruit weight per vine and average cluster weight were not affected. Neither were juice soluble solids, pH, potassium, and malic acid. Cane pruning weight per vine was not consistently altered by treatment. Titratable acidity of juice was affected, showing a decrease with leaf or leaf and summer lateral removal. These practices would be beneficial in growing Norton because of its potential for high acidity at harvest. Wine pH, titratable acidity, and potassium were not affected; however, all were acceptable in the finished wine. Visual observation showed that the dense canopy control was prone to rot, and the leaf and summer lateral removal treatment was prone to fruit sunburn. Leaf removal is likely a better choice than both leaf and summer lateral removal. Leaf removal is faster to implement and there is less potential for fruit sunburn from excessive defoliation that comes from both leaf and summer lateral removal.
Download or read book The Impact of Six Deficit Irrigation Regimes on Yield Grape Wine and Sensory Components of Cabernet Sauvignon in 2012 and 2013 written by Constantin Heitkamp and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Six different deficit irrigation regimes with four subsamples each were established in a commercial Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard (Dunnigan Hills AVA) in 2011. This study details the second and third vintage of the experiment (2012/13). Three treatments were maintained at constant leaf water potential targets, notably: a well-watered Control (CTL, -10 bars), the grower control (RHP, -13 bars) and a minimal irrigation (ED-, -14.5 bars). Two more "early deficit" treatments were switched at veraison, namely ED (-14.5/-11 bars) and ED+ (-14.5/>-10 bars). A "late" deficit featured stress exclusively post-veraison (-11/-14.5 bars). Differences in canopy development resulting from water availability were especially apparent in 2012, but the planned remote-sensing/canopy modeling by an academic cooperator did not deliver tangible results. Grapes were harvested when treatments reached a 24 Brix target and analyzed by our industry cooperator. Triplicate fermentations of each treatment were performed at the UC Davis Pilot Winery and resulting wines analyzed again as well as submitted to a full descriptive analysis sensory study. Seasonality presented an overriding effect, with 2012 expressing more extreme examples than 2013. Yields were reduced by up to 60% by deficit treatments in relation to their severity, but partially recovered with late season irrigation (ED+). As previously reported, the number of berries per cluster was a main contributing factor. Grape composition was affected primarily in its polyphenolic content, with increases in total tannin and non-tannin phenols of up to 20% with more extreme and more consistent deficits. ED+ effectively recovered overall yield, but did not significantly differ from the well-watered control with regards to composition. Moreover, ED+ exhibited slow late-season sugar accumulation paired with increasing pH-values. Pyrazines were only registered during the 2012 season and followed the well-documented pattern of number of buds/vine and early season canopy light environment, resulting in LD having the highest (49ppt) and ED+ having the absolute lowest values (18ppt). Wine compositions followed the composition observed in grape, with no apparent indications of extractability differences. Wine color presented the most apparent difference, with RHP, LD and ED- exhibiting greater intensity, but only LD showing a noticeably purple hue. Pyrazines were undetectable in wines. Descriptive Analysis training of 15 judges of diverse demographics produced 13 aroma- and 6 taste/mouthfeel attributes. When assessed by year, wines only differed significantly in astringency and "hot" mouthfeel (2012) or astringency and sour taste (2013), all of which clearly followed the concentrations established by the grape and wine analyses. When analyzing both vintages, a total of 9 attributes returned significant differences mostly driven by seasonality, thus insufficiently characterizing treatment effects other than astringency and alcohol. Future work, as currently already partially underway, should examine deficit irrigation effects across different cultivars while recording specific plant metabolomics measurements or whole-canopy modeling. The quantification of individual anthocyanin- and polyphenol-species may prove helpful in determining extraction and color stabilization patterns. Given the recurrently negligible effect of yield and berry size, viticultural decisions should increasingly be driven by economical considerations supplemented by judgmental winemaking decisions to achieve the desired product.
Download or read book Grape Pest Management in the Southern San Joaquin Valley written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sunlight Into Wine written by R. Smart and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Culture Marketing and Financing of San Joaquin Valley Wine Grapes written by J. Patrick Tinguely and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Science of Grapevines written by Markus Keller and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-01-19 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Science of Grapevines: Anatomy and Physiology is an introduction to the physical structure of the grapevine, its various organs, their functions and their interactions with the environment. Beginning with a brief overview of the botanical classification (including an introduction to the concepts of species, cultivars, clones, and rootstocks), plant morphology and anatomy, and growth cycles of grapevines, The Science of Grapevines covers the basic concepts in growth and development, water relations, photosynthesis and respiration, mineral uptake and utilization, and carbon partitioning. These concepts are put to use to understand plant-environment interactions including canopy dynamics, yield formation, and fruit composition, and concludes with an introduction to stress physiology, including water stress (drought and flooding), nutrient deficiency and excess, extreme temperatures (heat and cold), and the impact and response to of other organisms. Based on the author’s years of teaching grapevine anatomy as well as his research experience with grapevines and practical experience growing grapes, this book provides an important guide to understanding the entire plant. Chapter 7 broken into two chapters, now "Environmental Constraints and Stress Physiology and Chapter 8 "Living with Other Organisms" to better reflect specific concepts Integration of new research results including: Latest research on implementing drip irrigation to maximize sugar accumulation within grapes Effect of drought stress on grapevine’s hydraulic system and options for optimum plant maintenance in drought conditions The recently discovered plant hormone – strigolactones – and their contribution of apical dominance that has suddenly outdated dogma on apical dominance control Chapter summaries added Key literature references missed in the first edition as well as references to research completed since the 1e publication will be added
Download or read book Norton Grapevine Canopy Management Effects on Fruit and Wine written by Staci N. Bass and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of their dense nature, Norton grapevine canopies can prevent much sunlight from reaching the fruit clusters, so various degrees of canopy manipulation were implemented on Norton grapevines at Mountain Grove, Missouri. This experiment opened the canopy in attempts to improve both fruit and wine quality by allowing more sunlight to reach the clusters. Treatments included an unmanaged control, shoot positioning removal of primary leaves directly surrounding the grape clusters, removal of primary leaves and secondary shoots surrounding the clusters, and removal of primary leaves and secondary shoots around the clusters on the north side of the canopy only. Interior canopy light, leaf layers, and foliage removed were measured and analyzed. The canopy was significantly opened with more severe manipulation. Yield showed no significant differences among treatments, but increased slightly with increased defoliation. Analyses on the juice showed significantly lower values for pH and titratable acidity in the most severely defoliated treatment. Shoot positioning and primary leaf removal caused an increase in total soluble solids. The unmanaged control and most severely defoliated treatment were processed into wine, and although there were no significant differences, the trend was toward decreases in pH and potassium and increases in total anthocyanin canopy manipulation significantly increased the amount of sunlight that could reach the cluster and showed some improvement in fruit composition and red wine components.
