Download or read book Ionization Phenomena and Sources of Negative Ions written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Negative ion source technology has rapidly advanced during the past several years as a direct consequence of the discovery of Krohn that negative ion yields can be greatly enhanced by sputtering in the presence of Group IA elements. Today, most negative ion sources use this discovery directly or the principles implied to effect negative ion formation through surface ionization. As a consequence, the more traditional direct extraction plasma and charge exchange sources are being used less frequently. However, the charge exchange generation mechanism appears to be as universal, is very competitive in terms of efficiency and has the advantage in terms of metastable ion formation. In this review, an attempt has been made to briefly describe the principal processes involved in negative ion formation and sources which are representative of a particular principle. The reader is referred to the literature for specific details concerning the operational characteristics, emittances, brightnesses, species and intensity capabilities of particular sources. 100 references.
Download or read book Electron Impact Phenomena written by F. H. Field and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electron Impact Phenomena and the Properties of Gaseous Ions, Revised Edition deals with data pertaining to electron impact and to molecular gaseous ionic phenomena. This book discusses electron impact phenomena in gases at low pressure that involve low-energy electrons, which result in ion formation. The text also describes the use of mass spectrometers in electron impact studies and the degree of accuracy obtained when measuring electron impact energies. This book also reviews relatively low speed electrons and the transitions that result in the ionization of the atomic system. This text then discusses diatomic molecules whose mass spectra can be interpreted using the Franck-Condon principle. This selection also presents some examples of ions in solution that resemble the gaseous ions formed by electron impacts. The energies of these gaseous ions can be the key to understanding the mechanisms of ionic reactions. These examples include the olefin addition reactions and catalytic cracking. This text will prove invaluable for research chemists, students, and professors in chemistry and related fields such as organic chemistry and electrochemistry.
Download or read book The Physics and Technology of Ion Sources written by Ian G. Brown and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of this title has become a well-known reference book on ion sources. The field is evolving constantly and rapidly, calling for a new, up-to-date version of the book. In the second edition of this significant title, editor Ian Brown, himself an authority in the field, compiles yet again articles written by renowned experts covering various aspects of ion source physics and technology. The book contains full chapters on the plasma physics of ion sources, ion beam formation, beam transport, computer modeling, and treats many different specific kinds of ion sources in sufficient detail to serve as a valuable reference text.
Download or read book Negative Ions written by Harrie Massey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1976-07-01 with total page 759 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was originally published in 1976 as the third edition of a book first published in 1938. After 1950, when the previous edition was published, advancing technology made possible a great deal of experimental work on the properties of negative ions in gases. Photodetachment techniques became an important source of information about negative ions and provided values of electron affinities with accuracies which were previously unavailable. As knowledge of negative ions increased, the nature of their influence on the physical phenomena in which they are concerned was more readily understood. Inclusion of so much fresh material means that less emphasis is placed on some earlier knowledge and techniques. While it was necessary to restrict the introductory discussion of different branches of physics concerned, sufficient background is included to make comprehensible the subsequent specific discussion of applications to negative ions.
Download or read book Handbook of Ion Sources written by Bernhard Wolf and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Ion Sources delivers the data needed for daily work with ion sources. It also gives information for the selection of a suitable ion source and ion production method for a specific application. The Handbook concentrates on practical aspects and introduces the principle function of ion sources. The basic plasma parameters are defined and discussed. The working principles of various ion sources are explained, and examples of each type of ion source are presented with their operational data. Tables of ion current for various elements and charge states summarize the performance of different ion sources. The problems related to the production of ions of non-gaseous elements are detailed, and data on useful materials for evaporation and ion source construction are summarized. Additional chapters are dedicated to extraction and beam formation, ion beam diagnosis, ion source electronics, and computer codes for extraction, acceleration, and beam transport. Emittance and brilliance are described and space charge effects and neutralization discussed. Various methods for the measurement of current, profile, emittance, and time structure are presented and compared. Intensity limits for these methods are provided for different ion energies. Typical problems related to the operation of ion source plasmas are discussed and practical examples of circuits are given. The influence of high voltage on ion source electronics and possibilities for circuit protection are covered. The generation of microwaves and various microwave equipment are described and special problems related to microwave operation are summarized. The Handbook of Ion Sources is a valuable reference on the subject, of benefit to practitioners and graduate students interested in accelerators, ion implantation, and ion beam techniques.
Download or read book Negative Ions written by Harrie Massey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was originally published in 1976 as the third edition of a book first published in 1938. After 1950, when the previous edition was published, advancing technology made possible a great deal of experimental work on the properties of negative ions in gases. Photodetachment techniques became an important source of information about negative ions and provided values of electron affinities with accuracies which were previously unavailable. As knowledge of negative ions increased, the nature of their influence on the physical phenomena in which they are concerned was more readily understood. Inclusion of so much fresh material means that less emphasis is placed on some earlier knowledge and techniques. While it was necessary to restrict the introductory discussion of different branches of physics concerned, sufficient background is included to make comprehensible the subsequent specific discussion of applications to negative ions.
Download or read book Negative Ions written by and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Condensed Matter written by Sheldon Datz and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 647 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applied Atomic Collision Physics, Volume 4: Condensed Matter deals with the fundamental knowledge of collision processes in condensed media. The book focuses on the range of applications of atomic collisions in condensed matter, extending from effects on biological systems to the characterization and modification of solids. This volume begins with the description of some aspects of the physics involved in the production of ion beams. The radiation effects in biological and chemical systems, ion scattering and atomic diffraction, x-ray fluorescence analysis, and photoelectron and Auger spectroscopy are discussed in detail. The final two chapters in the text cover two areas of ion beam materials modification: ion implantation in semiconductors and microfabrication. This text is a good reference material for physics graduate students, experimental and theoretical physicists, and chemists.
Download or read book Negative Ions written by Boris Mikhaĭlovich Smirnov and published by McGraw-Hill Companies. This book was released on 1982 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Production and Neutralization of Negative Ions and Beams written by Krsto Prelec and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1970-04-01 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993-10 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976-05 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ion Molecule Attachment Reactions Mass Spectrometry written by Toshihiro Fujii and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-03 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the mechanism of alkali-metal ion/molecule association reaction, surveys the instrumental basis to study its kinetic, and describes the instrumentation to the measurement of alkali-metal ion affinities. The applications of the ion complexation mechanism in the condensed phase in reaction to direct analysis MS are also covered. Other topics include mechanism and reaction rate, experimental and theoretical ion affinities, applications of ion attachment reactions (IAR) to mass spectrometry such as alkali ion CIMS, ion attachment MS and cationization mass spectrometry of ESI, FAB, FD, LD, MALDI and SIMS and topics of IAR-based direct analysis mass spectrometry.
Download or read book Special Topics written by H. S. W. Massey and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applied Atomic Collision Physics, Volume 5: Special Topics deals with topics on applications of atomic collisions that were not covered in the first four volumes of the treatise. The book opens with a chapter on ultrasensitive chemical detectors. This is followed by separate chapters on lighting, magnetohydrodynamic electrical power generation, gas breakdown and high voltage insulating gases, thermionic energy converters, and charged particle detectors. Subsequent chapters deal with the operation of multiwire drift and proportional chambers and streamer chambers and their use in high energy physics experiments; photoelectron spectroscopy of negative ions and the chemical information that can be obtained from such studies; and the determination of intermolecular potentials. Also discussed are studies on the determination of ion molecular potential curves using photodissociative processes; determination of negative ion thermo chemical data using ion-neutral reactions; gas-phase chemical reactions; collision phenomena in electrical discharge lamps; and military applications of atomic and molecular physics.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 1346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Negative Ion Source written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An ionization vessel is divided into an ionizing zone and an extraction zone by a magnetic filter. The magnetic filter prevents high-energy electrons from crossing from the ionizing zone to the extraction zone. A small positive voltage impressed on a plasma grid, located adjacent an extraction grid, positively biases the plasma in the extraction zone to thereby prevent positive ions from migrating from the ionizing zone to the extraction zone. Low-energy electrons, which would ordinarily be dragged by the positive ions into the extraction zone, are thereby prevented from being present in the extraction zone and being extracted along with negative ions by the extraction grid. Additional electrons are suppressed from the output flux using ExB drift provided by permanent magnets and the extractor grid electrical field.
