Download or read book Ionization Fluctuations in Collisional Ionizing Shock Waves written by Lin I and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shock Wave Structure in a Fully Ionized Gas Based on Multi component Fluid Theory written by Huon Li and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The multi-component continuous approach for the investigation of the gasdynamics of a plasma is presented. More information about the flow properties of a plasma can be obtained than from the classical magnetohydrodynamic approach. Also, the resulting equations appear to be more easily solved than the Blotzmann equation of classical kinetic theory. The basic macroscopic conservation equations for a non-reacting multi-component plasma are presented. The fluid properties of each component are referred to the mean velocity of that component. Therefore, no limitations are placed on the magnitude of the diffusion velocities. The effects of electric and magnetic fields are included. The equations for a two-component mixture are used to study the structure of a shock wave in a fully-ionized hydrogen gas. It is assumed that the momentum exchange and energy exchange between the ions and electrons are important because of the strong Coulomb forces present. (Author).
Download or read book Atomic Collisional Rate and Ionization Relaxation Study in a Helium Shock Wave written by Satya Pal Kalra and published by [Toronto]: Institute for Aerospace Studies, University of Toronto. This book was released on 1972 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A theoretical and experimental study of the initial ionization phase of an ionizing helium shock wave has been accompished. Ionization relaxation time and the electron density profile behind the shock translational front, have been measured. Both of these parameters have strong dependence upon the atomic collisional excitation rate in the initial phase of the ionizing shock wave and therefore a comparison with theory led to an estimation of atom-atom collisional excitation cross-section. Theoretical predictions for the relaxation zone of the helium shock wave, indicated only a weak coupling between the electron and atom temperature during the relaxation process, contrary to the results found for hydrogen. A plasma focus driven shock tube was used to create the appropriate helium shock waves. Preliminary results were obtained using a Fray-Perot laser interferometer. (Author).
Download or read book Shock Waves Structured by Nonequilibrium Ionizing and Thermal Phenomena written by William Henry Foley and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ionizing shock waves in helium and argon are structured by nonequilibrium radiative and inelastic collisional transitions. The model atom of the monatomic gas has three electronic energy levels. The monatomic gas is not in local equilibrium with respect to population, and local translational equilibrium between the heavy species present and the electron gas is not assumed either. For the flow conditions studied the physics and morphology of the shock is further developed on a continuum basis from previous work, and the shock is found to consist of a far precursor due to radiative excitation, a near precursor due to radiative ionization, an embedded transport shock, an inelastic and thermal collisional relaxation zone, and an equilibrium radiating tail. Of particular interest in the results are the heating of the electron gas in the precursor by the said radiative and the associated de-exciting collisional mechanisms and the subsequent, electron-triggered collisional relaxation zone which is optically transparent to radiation; thus, nonequilibrium radiative and collisional processes are locally uncoupled throughout the shock. A family of numerical examples are displayed diagrammatically for an upstream temperature of 300 degrees K and upstream pressures bbetween 1/1000 and 1/100,000 atmospheres. Selected were those accompanying downstream temperatures giving nominal equilibrium degrees of ionization of either 0.8 or 0.95. (Author).
Download or read book Ionization Waves in Electrical Breakdown of Gases written by A.N. Lagarkov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the years since the book of Lozanskii and Firsov "The Theory of Spark" [1975] was published, a number of experimental and theoretical studies in the physics of electric breakdown in gases were conducted. As a result of these studies, the concept of a wavelike nature of breakdown initiated by single high-voltage electric pulses or by a constant electric field was confirmed. Theoretical models in which the concept of breakdown in a constant external field was developed were first exposed in the above-named book in the chapter "Development of a streamer regarded as an ionization wave," written by Rodin and Starostin. This book treats the initial stage of electric breakdown as a wave pro cess. The wavelike nature of the phenomena under consideration is pre sented for streamers and sliding discharges, for electric breakdown develop ment in long discharge tubes as well as in gas-filled gaps. Chapter 1 gives a qualitative consideration of phenomena determin ing the electric breakdown of gases. The experimental data and theoretical results are exposed and discussed with application to streamers, plane ion ization waves, breakdown waves in long tubes, and propagation of sliding discharges. The subject of this chapter may be considered as an area of applications of different theoretical models, formulas, and estimates that are presented in other chapters of the book.
Download or read book The Theory of Ionization of Gases by Collision written by John S. Townsend and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2015-06-16 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Theory of Ionization of Gases by Collision After studying the changes which take place in the conductivity of gases through which ions are passing under various conditions, I was led to propose the theory of ionization by collision to explain the development of currents in gases. The accuracy of the theory has been established by a large number of experiments specially arranged to measure conductivities which could be compared with the values obtained from theoretical considerations. The researches have brought to light the fact that ionization by collision takes place when comparatively small potential differences are established between electrodes in a gas at a suitable pressure, so that considerable multiplication of the ions may be obtained by this process with forty or fifty volts, and consequently with comparatively small velocities of the ions. This is in marked contrast with the previously known cases of ionization produced by the motion of ions through a gas, where the velocity is always very high, sometimes approaching that of light. Such, for instance, is the case for the negative particles emitted by radioactive substances, or for the particles composing the cathode rays and the Lenard rays when the ions move with velocities that are acquired under the action of some thousands of volts. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 1282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Download or read book The Theory of Ionization of Gases by Collision written by Sir John Townsend and published by . This book was released on 1910 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shock Waves in Chemistry and Physics written by John N. Bradley and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Collision Phenomena in Ionized Gases written by Earl W. McDaniel and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ASME 70 APM NN written by Joseph Henry Clarke and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physics of Shock Waves in Gases and Plasmas written by Michael A. Liberman and published by Springer. This book was released on 1986 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rate of Ionization Behind Shock Waves in Air Ii Theoretical Interpretation written by S. C. LIN and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of spontaneous ionization in the reaction zone behind strong normal shock waves in air was treated concurrently with the problem of dissociation and vibrational relaxation. Through a comparison of specific ionization rates, one may conclude that up to a shock velocity of 10 km/sec (about 30 times the speed of sound at room temperature) the predominant electron production process would be atom-atom ionizing collisions. This would be followed in an approximately decreasing order of importance by photoionization, electron impact, atom-molecule collisions and molecule-molecule collisions. The charge exchange reactions, while not contributing directly to the electron production process, were found to have a small but noticeable indirect effect on the resultant electron density distribution at some distance behind the shock due to their continuous shifting of the relative population between atomic and molecular ions which recombine with the electrons at different rates. The specific rate constants for the atom-atom processes required to interpret all existing experimental results appear to be consistent with a simple extrapolation of the low temperature rate constants according to the crossing-point model of Bates and Massey for atom-atom ionizing collisions. (Author).
Download or read book Normal Ionizing Shock Waves the Effects of Equilibrium Dissociation and Ionization written by Robert Taussig and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solutions for a model of a normal ionizing shock wave in an electromagnetic field are obtained. The model considers an ideal monatomic gas, and includes the equilibrium composition of the gas, the chemical energy of ionization and dissociation absorbed at the shock front. Solutions for this more complex, and more realistic, model are called solutions with chemistry, in contrast to the ideal gas solutions for the simple model analyzed before. The gas is composed of four chemical species, H sub 2 H, H(+), and e( - ), assumed to be at chemical equilibrium upstream and downstream from the shock.
Download or read book Non Ideal Gas Effects on Shock Waves in Weakly Ionized Gases written by Robert Rubinstein and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A shock wave in a weakly ionized gas can be preceeded by a charge separation region if the Debye length is larger than the shock width. It has been proposed that electrostatic contributions to pressure in the charge separation region can increase the sound speed ahead of the shock well above the sound speed in a neutral gas at the same temperature and therefore increase the shock propagation speed. This proposal is investigated numerically and theoretically. It is concluded that although the ion gas becomes strongly non-ideal in the charge separation region, there is no appreciable effect on the neutral shock.
Download or read book Electron Density and Ionization Phenomena in Shock Waves written by W. Low and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The microwave attenuation of the air of shock waves of well-developed shocks within Mach number 7-12 was measured. The time dependence of the microwave attenuation was also carefully studied. The effect of converging or diverging transition sections was investigated by measuring (a) Changes in the Mach speed (b) Changes in the microwave attenuation (c) Optical light emission. (Author).
Download or read book The Theory of Ionization of Gases by Collision written by John Sealy Edward Townsend and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2022-10-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
