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Book Crowdfund Investing For Dummies

Download or read book Crowdfund Investing For Dummies written by Sherwood Neiss and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-01-29 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The easy way to get started in crowdfund investing Crowdfund investing (CFI) is going to be the next big thing on Wall Street. U.S. investment banks, brokerage houses, and law firms are gearing up for the creation and regulation of new financial products that will be available to the general public starting in early 2013. The introduction of these products will revolutionize the financing of small businesses and startups for these key reasons: Entrepreneurs and small business owners, who have had difficulty obtaining capital through traditional means (such as bank loans and angel investors) in recent years, will have access to investors around the world through social media. For the first time, investors (so-called unqualified investors) will be able to purchase an equity stake in a business or new investment vehicle. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is overseeing the creation of online portals that will allow entrepreneurs and small investors to connect. When these portals go live in 2013, Crowdfund Investing For Dummies will be on the front line to educate business owners, other entrepreneurs, and investors alike. Crowdfund Investing For Dummies will walk entrepreneurs and investors, like yourself, through this new investing experience, beginning with explaining how and why CFI developed and what the 2012 JOBS says about CFI. Entrepreneurs will find out how much funding they can realistically raise through CFI; how to plan and launch a CFI campaign; how to manage the crowd after a campaign is successful; and how to work within the SEC’s regulations at every stage. Investors will discover: the benefits and risks of CFI ;how much they can invest; how a CFI investment may fit into a broader investment portfolio; how to provide value to the business or project being funded; and how to bow out of an investment when the time is right. Crowdfund Investing For Dummies is an indispensable resource for long time investors and novice investors alike.

Book Equity Crowdfunding for Investors

Download or read book Equity Crowdfunding for Investors written by David M. Freedman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-15 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn the ins and outs of equity crowdfunding with this informative guide Equity Crowdfunding for Investors is a comprehensive, objective, and authoritative guide to the social and financial rewards of crowdfunding. Before now, angel investing – and the spectacular returns possible in this asset class – has been off-limits to all but the wealthiest Americans. Now equity crowdfunding portals allow the general public to buy shares in startups and fast-growing private companies for the first time in generations. This book provides the guidance individuals need to invest wisely, tempering the excitement of leading-edge technology, innovative business models, and exciting new brands with thorough, practical know-how – including investor limits and requirements, portfolio strategy, deal terms, and much more. Readers will learn the pros and cons of investing in equity crowdfunding so they can make an informed investment decision, as well as best practices for finding, researching, evaluating, and buying into potentially profitable startups. Digital components include tables, graphs, comparison charts, screen captures, checklists, and other tools that further enable readers to make suitable investment choices. Equity crowdfunding is a new, exciting, and evolving way for growing businesses to raise capital and for average investors to buy equity in those businesses. It has been hailed as a "game changer" in the private capital markets, particularly the angel investment asset class, which includes angel investing. This book shows readers how to take full advantage of this new avenue of investment, without being taken advantage of themselves. Make smarter investment decisions Avoid being ripped off Find the best information available Understand the SEC rules and limits Equity crowdfunding can produce huge returns. It also comes with huge risk. Some companies will succeed, but many will fail. Everyday investors can mitigate some risk and increase their chance of profit with the fundamental insight provided in Equity Crowdfunding for Investors.

Book Peer to Peer Lending and Equity Crowdfunding

Download or read book Peer to Peer Lending and Equity Crowdfunding written by Kim Wales and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2017-12-01 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by an industry pioneer who has hands-on experience in the brave new world of peer-to-peer lending and equity crowdfunding, this book serves as a resource for investors and entrepreneurs alike and investigates how these alternative mechanisms will increase the financial and operational capacity of borrowers, lenders, buyers, and sellers in the private markets. More than 60 governments across the globe have established financial inclusion as a policy priority and are vying for access to and use of financial services by households and firms to boost economic growth. A thought leader on securities-based crowdfunding, author Kim Wales explores how women and the millennial generation, the world's largest groups of people, can influence "crowd" direct investment, economic freedom, and economic growth. The book provides building blocks to instruct investors and entrepreneurs about how to leverage social networks and supplies tools to help retail investors—"the crowd"—to understand the language, risks, and rewards of this type of investment. Providing an indispensable resource for investors and entrepreneurs, Peer-to-Peer Lending and Equity Crowdfunding summarizes past theory as well as current schools of thought related to capital formation and economic growth, explains why creating a secondary market for private placement offerings is essential to stimulating market liquidity, and documents how public-private partnerships using digital finance will enhance financial inclusion and positively impact investing. The book not only describes how crowdfunding works but also explains investment approaches, secondary markets, governance and compliance, transparency, and risk models that are necessary for investors to make informed decisions.

Book The Economics of Crowdfunding

Download or read book The Economics of Crowdfunding written by Douglas Cumming and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-30 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on various types of crowdfunding and the lessons learned from academic research. Crowdfunding, a new and important source of financing for entrepreneurs, fills a funding gap that was traditionally difficult to close. Chapters from expert contributors define and carefully evaluate the various market segments: donation-based and reward-based crowdfunding, crowdinvesting and crowdlending. They further provide an assessment of startups, market structure, as well as backers and investors for each segment. Attention is given to the theoretical and empirical findings from the recent economics and finance literature. Furthermore, the authors evaluate relevant regulatory efforts in several jurisdictions. This book will appeal to finance, entrepreneurship and legal scholars as well as entrepreneurs and platform operators.

Book The Crowdfunding Handbook

Download or read book The Crowdfunding Handbook written by Cliff Ennico and published by AMACOM. This book was released on 2016-05-26 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: IPSs are expensive, and venture capital nearly impossible to attract. Crowdfunding is changing the game for private companies. Are you taking full advantage? Think Kickstarter® is just for artists and people who don’t really want to work for their success? Think again! In 2012 President Obama signed the JOBS act (Jumpstart Our Business Startups), empowering privately owned companies to raise capital from investors without going through the rigorous IPO and private placement processes. Your private company can now crowdfund your way to success! Now that the SEC has handed down the last regulations, the floodgates will open and companies will be free to compete for funding. Thankfully for you, small business and legal expert Cliff Ennico has followed the equity crowdfunding story since its inception and has translated the regulations into a clear set of dos and don’ts for entrepreneurs and small business others looking to get in early. In The Crowdfunding Handbook, burgeoning crowdfunders can learn how to: Decipher whether crowdfunding is their best bet Choose between funding platforms Pitch a project to the public Reach the most promising investors Figure out disclosure documents and report requirements The Crowdfunding Handbook reveals the tips and tools to helo you raise money for your small business or startup with equity funding portals.

Book Investment Crowdfunding

    Book Details:
  • Author : Andrew A. Schwartz
  • Publisher : Oxford University Press
  • Release : 2023
  • ISBN : 0197688527
  • Pages : 209 pages

Download or read book Investment Crowdfunding written by Andrew A. Schwartz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Andrew A. Schwartz marries theory with on-the-ground research to give lawyers, students, scholars, and policymakers a one-stop shop for everything they need to know about investment crowdfunding, its regulation, and how to improve it. Investment Crowdfunding is an accessible and engaging introduction to a growing field.

Book Advances in Crowdfunding

Download or read book Advances in Crowdfunding written by Rotem Shneor and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book presents a comprehensive and up-to-date collection of knowledge on the state of crowdfunding research and practice. It considers crowdfunding models and their different manifestations across a variety of geographies and sectors, and explores the perspectives of fundraisers, backers, platforms, and regulators. Gathering insights from a wide range of influential researchers in the field, the book balances concepts, theory, and case studies. Going beyond previous research on crowdfunding, the contributors also investigate issues of community, sustainability, education, and ethics. A vital resource for anyone researching crowdfunding, this book offers readers a deep understanding of the characteristics, business models, user-relations, and behavioural patterns of crowdfunding.

Book Investing in the Next Big Thing

Download or read book Investing in the Next Big Thing written by Joseph Hogue and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There's a Secret World of Investing Controlled by Angel Investors and Venture Capital One investment has been the secret of the wealthy for more than 80 years. It accounts for nearly a fifth of the wealth for million-dollar investors and nearly four-times the return compared to stocks. For more than eight decades, anyone with less than a million dollars was locked out of this investment. Government regulators reasoned that investors like you and me weren't smart enough to handle the high risk and higher return. That all changed in 2016, when for the first time in a century investment in startup companies became open to everyone. Investing in startups has led to an average 27% return for wealthy investors, nearly four times the average 7.4% annual return on stocks over the decade to 2013. When asked where they invested their money, investors with an average of $7.6 million told BNP Wealth Management those alternative investments like venture capital and startups were their second-largest investment after their own business. But the government is right in that the risks are high for startup investors. A study by Willamette University of 1,200 investments by angel investors found that more than half of startups fail to return even the original investment. Just a fraction of those investments accounted for the vast majority of gains. But those gains in startup investing can be spectacular. Consider Peter Thiel's 2004 investment of $500,000 in Facebook as its first outside investor. Most of us weren't able to invest in the social media giant until it went public in 2012. By then, Thiel had already made $1.7 billion for a 340,000% return on his investment. Welcome to the World of Startup Investing and Equity CrowdfundingI've spent nearly a decade analyzing startup investments for venture capital firms and angel investors. I set up the research department for one venture capital investor and managed a team of six analysts, pouring over pitch material and market research to find the best startups in which to invest. When equity crowdfunding became popular in 2012, I knew it held the potential to break the 80-year ban on startup investing for everyday investors. I refined my proven methodology for venture capital investing and waited for the law to be changed. Investing in startups is like nothing you've ever seen in the stock market. These companies aren't covered by analysts, and you won't find a P/E value on Yahoo Finance. You won't hear other venture capital investors or angel investors sharing their process or picks on TV either. They don't want you stealing those 27% annual returns. That's what this book is all about, using a process I have developed over years as a venture capital analyst to avoid the risks in startup investing and find the best deals. It's not an easy process. It involves research and strategic planning on your part. I'm ready to share it with you if you're ready for the challenge. In this book you'll learn: My quick checklist of what to look for in a startup to weed out the losers before wasting your time on valuation (Page 53) The process I use to value startup companies for venture capital firms, including how to research the market and understanding deal terms (Page 63) Three different valuation methods I use with every deal that gives me more certainty in the upside (Page 83) A startup investing strategy that puts your money in the best deals and avoids chasing the losers. (Page 107) Tired of being stuck with roller-coaster risk in the stock market and mediocre returns? If you want in on the investments that make angel investors and venture capital firms billions of dollars, scroll back up and click buy now.

Book Handbook of Research on Crowdfunding

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Crowdfunding written by Hans Landström and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2019 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crowdfunding is a hot topic and this Handbook provides a service to the research community by codifying, discussing and examining research in this area. It will be a starting point for researchers seeking high quality research in this new and important area.

Book Real Estate Crowdfunding

Download or read book Real Estate Crowdfunding written by Adam Gower and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Real Estate Crowdfunding: An Insider’s Guide to Investing Online introduces the reader to basic real estate investment concepts and then takes a deep dive into how to invest passively yet wisely in real estate syndications. This book will teach the reader how to: • invest in crowdfunded real estate syndicates • understand key financial concepts used in the industry • diversify their investment portfolios • read between the lines of investment contracts • maximize profit while minimizing losses This book is a guide to the foundational financial concepts upon which all real estate projects are based and explains the language of real estate from an insider’s perspective. It provides a road map of what to watch for and how to win at the game of passive real estate investing.

Book Equity Crowdfunding

    Book Details:
  • Author : Nathan Rose
  • Publisher :
  • Release : 2016-10-20
  • ISBN : 9780473377984
  • Pages : pages

Download or read book Equity Crowdfunding written by Nathan Rose and published by . This book was released on 2016-10-20 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Raise Money Without a Bank Or a VC, Through The Crowd! For many startups and growing companies, gaining marketing exposure and raising external funding from investors are #1 and #2 on their priority list. But, until recently, they were always separate activities - first you would raise the money, and then you would spend it on marketing. The advent of equity crowdfunding means these two critical tasks can be done at the same time. This is a game-changer. Equity Crowdfunding - A Hybrid of Venture Capital and Kickstarter. Unlike venture capital, the company founders get to set their own offer terms, retain their company culture, and bring on dozens, or even hundreds of shareholders rather than just a tiny handful - and gain all the promotional benefits that come with this. And unlike the crowdfunding offered by sites like Kickstarter and Indiegogo, equity crowdfunding allows a company to offer shares in itself, instead of a pre-ordered product. This means equity crowdfunding can be used by far more types of businesses, and typically attracts a lot more money. Companies regularly raise hundreds of thousands, or even millions of dollars through equity crowdfunding. This Book Will Show You How! Equity crowdfunding offers amazing potential for startups and growing companies, but it is also a very steep learning curve. Many companies begin with no real idea of how to choose a platform, how to craft their pitch, or what they should be doing to drive people to their offer page and invest. In this step-by-step guide, you will learn: The forces which have brought equity crowdfunding to where it is today How to tell whether equity crowdfunding will be a good fit for your company The biggest mistakes that can kill an offer before it has even begun How to build critical momentum - one company raised 1 million in 96 seconds! How to construct a marketing plan to get people literally counting down to your launch How to salvage an offer which is "stuck," and re-ignite the momentum What past campaigns wished they had known before they had started The incredible impact equity crowdfunding can have on your business and profile The World's First Comprehensive Resource Featuring the very best strategies from 20 real companies who have used equity crowdfunding to raise millions of dollars, euros and pounds. And the expert advice from 12 market-leading platforms at the forefront of the equity crowdfunding revolution. This book is truly global in scope, featuring contributions from the United Kingdom, the United States, France, the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Canada, the Middle East, Australia and New Zealand. This is THE complete guide, with no prior knowledge assumed, and will teach you equity crowdfunding from the ground up. "

Book Innovative Strategies for Implementing FinTech in Banking

Download or read book Innovative Strategies for Implementing FinTech in Banking written by Albastaki, Yousif Abdullatif and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-08-28 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FinTech is encouraging various new practices, such as diminishing the use of cash in different countries, increasing rate of mobile payments, and introducing new algorithms for high-frequency trading across national boundaries. It is paving the way for new technologies emerging in the information technology scene that allow financial service firms to automate existing business processes and offer new products, including crowdfunding or peer-to-peer insurance. These new products cater to hybrid client interaction and customer self-services, changing the ecosystem by increasing outsourcing for focused specialization by resizing and leading to new ecosystems and new regulations for encouraging FinTech. However, such new ecosystems are also accompanied by new challenges. Innovative Strategies for Implementing FinTech in Banking provides emerging research exploring the theoretical and practical aspects of technology inclusion in the financial sector and applications within global financing. It provides a clear direction for the effective implementation of FinTech initiatives/programs for improving banking financial processes, financial organizational learning, and performance excellence. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as artificial intelligence, social financing, and customer satisfaction, this book encourages the management of the financial industry to take a proactive attitude toward FinTech, resulting in a better decision-making capability that will support financial organizations in their journey towards becoming FinTech-based organizations. As such, this book is ideally designed for financial analysts, finance managers, finance administrators, banking professionals, IT consultants, researchers, academics, students, and practitio

Book The Crowdfunding Revolution  How to Raise Venture Capital Using Social Media

Download or read book The Crowdfunding Revolution How to Raise Venture Capital Using Social Media written by Kevin Lawton and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2012-12-07 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE GROUNDBREAKING NEW METHOD FOR RAISING VENTURE CAPITAL THROUGH SOCIAL NETWORKS “The declaration of independence for our industry!” —MAT DELLORSO, WealthForge Inc. “The Crowdfunding Revolution should be on the mandatory reading list for everybody active in the industry or for everyone who’s planning to be.” —CROWDFUND NEWS “Kevin Lawton and Dan Marom have done a great job. . . . A must-read for everybody entering the field of crowdfunding!”—GIJSBERT KOREN, Smarter Money “We recommend this book highly to anyone who is fascinated by this new methodology for funding projects and endeavors. . . . A wonderful read.” —BRIAN MEECE, RocketHub “Read this book if you want to catch the next wave!” —FRED BRYANT, WealthForge Inc. “A must-read for anyone interested in the early stage funding process.” —MANDAR KULKARNI, pluggd.in “The Crowdfunding Revolution offers fundraising inspiration for small business owners and aspiring entrepreneurs.” —BUSINESS2COMMUNITY “The Crowdfunding Revolution offers fundraising inspiration for small business owners and aspiring entrepreneurs.” —SMALL BUSINESS TRENDS YOUR POOL OF INVESTORS JUST INCREASED BY 2 BILLION . . . Since the day the first human being approached a prospective investor, the province of capital allocation has been controlled by a small and entrenched minority. All this has changed. Now, the power of the Internet—particularly social media—enables anyone to connect with more investors in less time than it used to take to connect with one. The investing pool is open, everyone is in—and The Crowdfunding Revolution shows how to get to the forefront of the new world of venture financing. This groundbreaking guide explains how the explosive growth of connectivity is obviating human-to-human networks and centralized planning of capital allocation—and describes how crowdfunding can be used to tap into a “collective intelligence” for far superior results. Providing a wealth of information that will make your crowdfunding efforts more efficient and productive, the book is organized into three thematic sections: THE ROAD HERE: A thorough overview of what crowdfunding is—and how and why this radical new approach is replacing traditional means of venture financing THE CROWDFUNDING CAMPAIGN: Proven methods for marketing to the crowd, setting clear objectives, building a crowdfunding team, and communicating in a way that inspires action THE ROAD AHEAD: The crowdfunding ecosystem, intellectual property issues, mining collective IQ, new investment models, and regulations More than 2 billion people globally are now active online—and that number is guaranteed to grow at an extraordinary rate. The Crowdfunding Revolution explains all the ins and outs of raising investment capital by using social media and new technologies to draw small sums of money from an almost countless number of sources. Organic. Transparent. Decentralized. This is crowdfunding. This is the future. Read The Crowdfunding Revolution and become the first expert in your crowd on this radical new approach poised to supplant age-old venture financing methods.

Book The REGTECH Book

Download or read book The REGTECH Book written by Janos Barberis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-08-06 with total page 970 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Regulatory Technology Handbook The transformational potential of RegTech has been confirmed in recent years with US$1.2 billion invested in start-ups (2017) and an expected additional spending of US$100 billion by 2020. Regulatory technology will not only provide efficiency gains for compliance and reporting functions, it will radically change market structure and supervision. This book, the first of its kind, is providing a comprehensive and invaluable source of information aimed at corporates, regulators, compliance professionals, start-ups and policy makers. The REGTECH Book brings into a single volume the curated industry expertise delivered by subject matter experts. It serves as a single reference point to understand the RegTech eco-system and its impact on the industry. Readers will learn foundational notions such as: • The economic impact of digitization and datafication of regulation • How new technologies (Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain) are applied to compliance • Business use cases of RegTech for cost-reduction and new product origination • The future regulatory landscape affecting financial institutions, technology companies and other industries Edited by world-class academics and written by compliance professionals, regulators, entrepreneurs and business leaders, the RegTech Book represents an invaluable resource that paves the way for 21st century regulatory innovation.

Book Equity Crowdfunding for Investors

Download or read book Equity Crowdfunding for Investors written by David M. Freedman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-05-26 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn the ins and outs of equity crowdfunding with this informative guide Equity Crowdfunding for Investors is a comprehensive, objective, and authoritative guide to the social and financial rewards of crowdfunding. Before now, angel investing – and the spectacular returns possible in this asset class – has been off-limits to all but the wealthiest Americans. Now equity crowdfunding portals allow the general public to buy shares in startups and fast-growing private companies for the first time in generations. This book provides the guidance individuals need to invest wisely, tempering the excitement of leading-edge technology, innovative business models, and exciting new brands with thorough, practical know-how – including investor limits and requirements, portfolio strategy, deal terms, and much more. Readers will learn the pros and cons of investing in equity crowdfunding so they can make an informed investment decision, as well as best practices for finding, researching, evaluating, and buying into potentially profitable startups. Digital components include tables, graphs, comparison charts, screen captures, checklists, and other tools that further enable readers to make suitable investment choices. Equity crowdfunding is a new, exciting, and evolving way for growing businesses to raise capital and for average investors to buy equity in those businesses. It has been hailed as a "game changer" in the private capital markets, particularly the angel investment asset class, which includes angel investing. This book shows readers how to take full advantage of this new avenue of investment, without being taken advantage of themselves. Make smarter investment decisions Avoid being ripped off Find the best information available Understand the SEC rules and limits Equity crowdfunding can produce huge returns. It also comes with huge risk. Some companies will succeed, but many will fail. Everyday investors can mitigate some risk and increase their chance of profit with the fundamental insight provided in Equity Crowdfunding for Investors.

Book Multidisciplinary Approaches to Crowdfunding Platforms

Download or read book Multidisciplinary Approaches to Crowdfunding Platforms written by Negrão, Carla Sofia Vicente and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2021-02-19 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An emerging area of study in today’s society is the increasing number of crowdfunding platforms across the world. Crowdfunding plays an integral role in global economic development as they are continuing to multiply throughout various professional disciplines. Empirical research is needed that covers the recent growth of crowdfunding projects and assists researchers and experts in providing knowledge on the economic impact of this trend. Multidisciplinary Approaches to Crowdfunding Platforms is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on the emerging programs of crowdfunding in the global digital economy and its numerous applications in professional industries. While highlighting topics such as digital entrepreneurship, business intelligence, and e-commerce, this publication explores the latest findings as well as the risks and limitations of crowdfunding. This book is ideally designed for researchers, managers, practitioners, economists, academicians, instructors, sociologists, developers, consultants, policymakers, and students seeking developing research on crowdfunding platforms and the latest trends in various disciplines.

Book The Palgrave Handbook of Technological Finance

Download or read book The Palgrave Handbook of Technological Finance written by Raghavendra Rau and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-09 with total page 888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides the first comprehensive overview of the fast-evolving alternative finance space and makes a timely and in-depth contribution to the literature in this area. Bringing together expert contributions in the field from both practitioners and academics, in one of the most dynamic parts of the financial sector, it provides a solid reference for this exciting discipline. Divided into six parts, Section 1 presents a high-level overview of the technologically-enabled finance space. It also offers a historical perspective on technological finance models and outlines different business models. Section 2 analyses digital currencies including guides to bitcoins, other cryptocurrencies, and blockchains. Section 3 addresses alternative payment systems such as digital money and asset tokenization. Section 4 deals with crowdfunding models from both a theoretical perspective and from a regulatory perspective. Section 5 discusses data-driven business models and includes a discussion of neural networks and deep learning. Finally, Section 6 discusses welfare implications of the technological finance revolution. This collection highlights the most current developments to date and the state-of-the-art in alternative finance, while also indicating areas of further potential. Acting as a roadmap for future research in this innovative and promising area of finance, this handbook is a solid reference work for academics and students whilst also appealing to industry practitioners, businesses and policy-makers.