Download or read book Investigations of the Invasive New Zealand Mudsnail Potamopyrgus Antipodarum in Idaho written by Christopher A. James and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Coexistence Between a Native Valvata Humeralis and a Non native Potamopyrgus Antipodarum Gastropod in the Middle Snake River Idaho written by Kiza Kristine Gates and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dominant competitive abilities of many invasive species are frequently assumed to preclude biologically similar native species over time, but there has been little research exploring how interactions between invasive and native species may change with changes in biotic and abiotic conditions. Introduction of the invasive New Zealand mud snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum in the Snake River in the late 1980's raised many concerns for the native gastropods of this region; however, the native gastropod Valvata humeralis has maintained large populations and continued to coexist with P. antipodarum. I investigated the coexistence of P. antipodarum and V. humeralis in the Vista reach of the Middle Snake River. Diet, spatial, and temporal partitioning of V. humeralis were explored in populations that were invaded by P. antipodarum and uninvaded. A field growth experiment was used to measure the net intra- and interspecific effects of V. humeralis and P. antipodarum at varying densities and species proportions. Results of the field growth experiment were compared with field survey data. A laboratory growth experiment and a stoichiometric experiment were used to identify the interaction mechanisms between species. Valvata humeralis juveniles appeared to shift diet in the presence P. antipodarum. There was evidence of spatial partitioning from P. antipodarum by V. humeralis at the among population scale but not the within population or patch scales. The field growth experiment indicated that interspecific net effects of P. antipodarum on V. humeralis changed in direction with increasing P. antipodarum density. Field surveys showed a similar pattern. The laboratory growth experiment indicated that direct interference competition was the negative mechanism of the species interaction and confirmed field experimental results. Stoichiometric analyses suggested that P. antipodarum juveniles require more phosphorus than V. humeralis juveniles, but that stoichiometric facilitation was not likely an interaction mechanism. Facilitated growth of V. humeralis in the presence of P. antipodarum may have been caused by increased access to food and/or P. antipodarum digestive food conditioning. Results suggest that the impact of an invasive species on the native community may be a complex interplay between invader density, native species behavior, invader nutrient use, and environmental conditions.

Download or read book Interactions Between the Invasive New Zealand Mud Snail Potamopyrgus Antipodarum Baetid Mayflies and Fish Predators written by Chelsea Ann Cada and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Invasive and Native Species Interactions written by Heather N. Thon and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Invasive species can alter the structure and function of ecosystems, reduce biological diversity, and directly change communities through predation, facilitation and competition. The invasive New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) has varying effects on native species in ecosystems where it has been introduced. We used two different experimental designs to study the interactions between P. antipodarum and the native snail, Fossaria (Bakerilymnaea) bulimoides group in Polecat Creek, Wyoming. We predicted that P. antipodarum would compete with Fossaria because they co-occur and consume similar resources. In the first experiment, we investigated growth at low ambient levels of biomass of each species. We found that growth of Fossaria and P. antipodarum was reduced by the presence of all competitors and that Fossaria grew more in intraspecific than interspecific interactions. This result was probably caused by much higher ambient biomass of the invasive P. antipodarum in the interspecific interaction treatment. Therefore, in our second experiment, we investigated how the snails interacted at an equal, higher biomass. Although growth of Fossaria was nearly halted at this high biomass of competitors, P. antipodarum grew fourteen times faster than the native despite removing less algae. In the high biomass treatment, growth of P. antipodarum was facilitated by the presence of Fossaria. Overall, although growth of both snail species was reduced by the biomass of competitors, for Fossaria, growth was reduced at a rate that was four times higher than P. antipodarum. We concluded that any negative effects on Fossaria do not appear to be caused by traits of P. antipodarum, per se, but rather by a high biomass of snails that occurs when they are highly abundant.

Download or read book Competition Between the Threatened Bliss Rapids Snail Taylorconcha Serpenticola Hershler Et Al and the Invasive Aquatic Snail Potamopyrgus Antipodarum Gray written by David C. Richards and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due primarily to habitat loss and invasive species, extinction rates for North American mollusk taxa are among the highest for any taxonomic group in the world. Competition between invasive and native species often leads to decreases in native populations. For example, a primary reason for listing the Bliss Rapids snail, Taylorconcha serpenticola as threatened in the Snake River drainage was the perceived impacts of the highly invasive New Zealand mudsnail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum. Despite federal protection of T. serpenticola and the known presence of P. antipodarum in the Snake River drainage for almost 20 years, almost nothing is known about their ecology and competitive interactions. For this dissertation I conducted both field and laboratory studies to determine niche overlaps, spatial patterns, and some life history characteristics of both species. I compared optimal growth temperatures and estimated temperature tolerances for each species, under laboratory conditions; 2) examined stage (size) class fecundity rates and growth rates; and 3) examined photophobic tendencies of both species. I then explored environmental conditions and spatial patterns of both species in Banbury Springs, a tributary of the Snake River, near Hagerman, Idaho, that may have affected their distribution and abundance using regression tree analysis and geostatistical methods. I then conducted several competition experiments between both species under controlled conditions at Banbury Springs, developed competition coefficients, and related their growth rates and competitive outcomes to periphyton abundance and diversity. Finally, I monitored and then modeled seasonal and yearly population density trends of both species in a section of Banbury Springs, where both coexist, using time series analysis. Results of this study show that that both species have niche overlaps (i.e. temperature overlaps, photophobic tendencies, and somewhat similar habitat requirements) and can compete for limited food resources, but may have just enough niche separation or their occupied habitat is heterogeneous enough for them to coexist, at present. It is possible however that not enough time has elapsed for the effects of competition with P. antipodarum to push T. serpenticola to extinction.

Download or read book Impacts of the Invasive New Zealand Mudsnail Potamopyrgus Antipodarum as Leaf Litter Decomposers written by Mara Alicia Evans and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The introduction and establishment of non-indigenous invasive species (NIS) is a persistent global phenomenon that jeopardizes biodiversity and ecosystem processes in a large number of ecosystems. Ecologists and ecosystem managers continue to assess invasion strategies and the effect of NIS on ecosystem processes. This dissertation examines the state of knowledge of the New Zealand mudsnail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) invasions in lotic habitats. I begin with a review of the known and expected impacts of the mudsnail invasion, and use a food web framework to examine review how mudsnails affect trophic interactions within and across ecosystems. In the subsequent chapter I tested if New Zealand mudsnails accelerate the rate of leaf litter decomposition, and examined how mudsnail density affects leaf litter decomposition. Bags containing air-dried White Alder (Alnus rhombifolia) leaves were submerged in an invaded creek, and leaf mass loss and invertebrate recruitment were measured over 28 days. Leaf litter that was exposed to adult mudsnails lost 30% of its mass over 28 days, but treatments where adult mudsnails were excluded lost only 15% of leaf litter mass. In a second experiment we manipulated mudsnail densities within leaf litter bags. Increasing mudsnail densities also resulted in faster rates of litter decomposition. In the last chapter I assess how mudsnails affect leaf litter decomposition with increasing resource diversity. Bags containing air-dried A. rhombifolia, cottonwood (Populus fremontii) and valley oak (Quercus lobata), in one, two and three species combinations were deployed in an invaded and an uninvaded stream. I found that regardless of leaf litter diversity cottonwood decays at a faster rate than alder and valley oak, respectively and mudsnails do not accelerate leaf litter decomposition. I also found that in streams invaded with mudsnails, macroinvertebrate diversity is highest in high diversity (three species) leaf litter packs. This research I present here illustrates the complex role that an invasive generalist consumer can play in aquatic habitats.

Download or read book An Investigation of Invasion written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Invasive species are second only to habitat loss as a leading cause of native species displacement and the management of invasive species costs hundreds of billions annually. Invasion is often conceptualized as a series of stages (Transport, Introduction, Establishment, and Spread), which encourages ecologists to isolate factors that might enable a species to pass from one stage to another and therefore guide prevention or impact management. This thesis addresses each stage of invasion and attempts to determine where management might succeed in preventing invasion or minimizing impacts. The transport and introduction of aquatic invasive species (AIS) was analyzed by conducting a three tier human subjects survey at Tenmile Lake, Oregon over a two year period in which a public boat wash station was built and installed. Assessing boater knowledge of AIS and understanding proper boat cleaning procedure is useful in determining the threat of transport and introduction as overland boater movements is a major vector of AIS. The comparison between pre- and post- boat wash surveys indicate that there is a disconnect between what boaters say they will do and how they actually behave. While 75.9% of boaters from the pre-survey claimed they would use a boat wash station at Tenmile Lake, only 38.5% of post-survey boaters were observed using the station. Furthermore, the surveys identified knowledge gaps of boaters' awareness of AIS. More than 20.0% of boaters surveyed could not verbally name any AIS. To better understand the establishment and spread stages of invasion, I examined the influence of a specific AIS, the New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum; NZMS), on benthic food webs throughout three very different aquatic ecosystems (lakes, rivers, and estuaries). Samples of benthic lake, river, and estuarine invertebrates were collected, identified, and counted, and stable isotope analyses (SIA) were conducted on several components of the food web. NZMS densities were found to be dynamic, with population densities fluctuating over time and between locations. A significant negative relationship between NZMS density and community diversity across all ecosystems was found. However, the densities of specific feeding groups had varying positive (omnivores) and negative (herbivores) correlations with NZMS densities. Furthermore, SIA indicated that NZMS don't appear to be competing with native macroinvertebrates for the same food source. NZMS were found to have different influences on each invaded ecosystem, thus management of this particular AIS is difficult once established and spreading. The results of this thesis suggest that prevention of the transport and introduction of NZMS needs to be the focus for future management. Preventative management should include public outreach regarding AIS and proper boat cleaning procedure, and management should also emphasize the need for regional policies and regulations on the transport of AIS rather than site or state specific policies and regulations.

Download or read book Cost efficient Management of Aquatic Invasive Species written by Youngah Lim and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By affecting the ecological, pecuniary and aesthetic productivity of ecosystems, invasive species (IS) increase production and management costs to business, while straining public agencies' budgets with monitoring, enforcement and management efforts. Understanding invasion pathways or vectors, and identifying costs and benefits of alternative management strategies are critical to public and private decision making in agriculture, natural resource and recreation industries. This study develops an integrated spatial framework to measure IS risk and cost-efficiency of alternative IS management strategies. For a given spatial unit, the framework weighs expected damages, based on measured IS risk, against the cost of alternative management strategies, i.e. spatial cost minimization. The study then applied the spatial cost minimization framework to the case of New Zealand mudsnails, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, (NZMS) in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) using data from a variety of sources. The first stage of the integrated framework is the measurement of NZMS establishment risk, which is estimated as a combination of anthropogenic introduction risk and habitat suitability risk. Since recreational boats are a main vector to disperse NZMS, the normalized boat flows in the PNW states--Idaho, Oregon, and Washington--are used as a proxy for the anthropogenic introduction risk. An environmental niche model then revealed the relationship between environmental features and NZMS presence, i.e. habitat suitability risk. Results suggest that distance, area size, water body concentration, and accessibility are major determinants of PNW recreational boat flows. Environmental characteristics such as elevation, geologic features, precipitation in January, March, and September, as well as the minimum temperature of June, July, and August, and the maximum temperature of June, August, and October are important determinants of PNW's habitat suitability for NZMS. Potential damages arising from NZMS include anglers' utility loss, which is caused by aquatic habitat degradation due to NZMS invasion, and biofouling influence on hydroelectricity plants, drinking water treatment plants, and boats. Because NZMS economic damages and related management cost are not yet fully identified in the literature, damages and management cost of zebra mussels serve as proxies for those of NZMS. Expected damages are then derived as the product of NZMS establishment risk from the first stage and potential damages noted above. Statewide management cost information is compiled from a phone survey of PNW invasive species field managers. Statewide and local management strategies are prevention, early detection and rapid response and its follow-up (EDRR plus) and ex-post management without EDRR. Local strategies additionally include boater decontamination and fish hatchery prevention efforts. Finally, the spatial cost minimization problem evaluates expected damages against the cost of each alternative management strategy (statewide and local). Solutions to this minimization problem, i.e. cost-efficient strategies, are derived for individual spatial units in each of the three PNW states. Reflecting uncertainty in the relationship between NZMS impacts and management, the spatial cost minimization is solved under different scenarios: unconstrained, NZMS damages are a fraction of those of zebra mussels, variation in the effectiveness of statewide and local management strategies, a budget constraint, and targeted NZMS risk level constraint. Results show that statewide prevention, local boater decontamination and fish hatchery prevention are the cost-efficient strategies for managing NZMS in the Pacific Northwest in most cases.

Download or read book written by אגודת חבד בא. הק. מרכז צעירים and published by . This book was released on 200? with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Varying Environments on the Ecology and Evolution of the New Zealand Mud Snail and Its Interactors written by Sarah M. Redd and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Determining the Optimal Substrate for the Invasive New Zealand Mud Snail Potamopyrgus Antipodarum written by Sally Ghannam and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) is an aquatic invasive species that has been found in many countries and six continents. P. antipodarum can reproduce at a high rate, which leads to a high population growth rate and successful spread of the snail. This could negatively impact ecosystems. The purpose of this work was to determine if certain habitats in streams are better for the snails than others. In this experiment, snails were taken from a population in Spring Creek in Centre County, PA. The snails were grown for eight weeks on four different diets, including leaf litter, woody debris, rocks, and a Spirulina algae powder, which was the control. The size of each snail was measured at the beginning and end of the experiment to determine the mean growth rate. There was a significant difference in growth rates between the different treatments. Snails that grew on leaf litter and woody debris showed higher snail growth rates in comparison to the control and rock treatments. This suggests that some diets are better than others for the mud snail, and that the energy input from outside the aquatic system may be very important in the success of this invader.

Download or read book Phenotypic Plasticity of the Introduced New Zealand Mud Snail Potamopyrgus Antipodarum Compared to Sympatric Native Snails written by Edward P. Levri and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phenotypic plasticity is likely to be important in determining the invasive potential of a species, especially if invasive species show greater plasticity or tolerance compared to sympatric native species. Here in two separate experiments we compare reaction norms in response to two environmental variables of two clones of the New Zealand mud snail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, isolated from the United States, (one invasive and one not yet invasive) with those of two species of native snails that are sympatric with the invader, Fossaria bulimoides group and Physella gyrina group. We placed juvenile snails in environments with high and low conductivity (300 and 800 mS) in one experiment, and raised them at two different temperatures (16°C and 22°C) in a second experiment. Growth rate and mortality were measured over the course of 8 weeks. Mortality rates were higher in the native snails compared to P. antipodarum across all treatments, and variation in conductivity influenced mortality. In both experiments, reaction norms did not vary significantly between species. There was little evidence that the success of the introduced species is a result of greater phenotypic plasticity to these variables compared to the sympatric native species.

Download or read book Survey for Potamopyrgus Antipodarum New Zealand Mudsnail in Southern Budd Inlet Thurston County Washington written by Edward J. Johannes and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Leaf Litter Species on Invasive New Zealand Mud Snail Potamopyrgus Antipodarum Growth Rates and Detection Using Edna written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The New Zealand mud snail (NZMS) is an invasive species in the Laurentian Great Lakes region where populations have existed in the Great Lakes since at least 1991, with recent secondary invasions into Michigan rivers. Factors that influence growth rates of populations and individuals have yet to be determined. As herbivore-detritivores, the species of leaves NZMS consume could affect growth rates and, ultimately, their success as invaders. I conducted two experiments to evaluate the effects of different litter species on NZMS individual and population growth rates. We found significantly different individual growth rates among litter species, but found no differences in population growth among species. Additionally, I aimed to develop an environmental DNA sampling method, that could easily be followed by citizen scientists, to track invasive populations of NZMS in Michigan. The results of this research can help provide powerful tools to aid in invasive species detection and management.

Download or read book The New Zealand Mud Snail Potamopyrgus Antipodarum written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum; NZMS) is among the most globally widespread aquatic invaders, colonizing at least 40 countries across 6 continents. NZMS have recently colonized rivers of the Laurentian Great Lakes region, where little is known about their impacts on the native communities of the ecosystems they invade. In chapter one, I present the results of a systematic review of 245 articles, and outline NZMS impacts, distribution, population dynamics, vectors of spread, and management. The invasion success of NZMS stems from their opportunistic traits allowing them to tolerate broad ranges of environmental conditions. However, optimal conditions for successful establishment are evident. NZMS can become exceptionally abundant and impact multiple facets of aquatic ecosystems, though populations can fluctuate seasonally and over longer time scales, likely due to environmental constraints. In chapter two, I tested the efficacy of three different chemical reagents for NZMS decontamination on recreational fishing gear and combined these results with results of a self-administered public survey gauging the level of willingness of individuals have to participate in a given NZMS decontamination technique. The greatest mortality of NZMS was caused by Formula 409, and participants of the survey revealed Formula 409 to be the chemical they'd be most willing to use. Chapter three outlines an investigation of the effects of NZMS on the diets and conditions of fish in a recently invaded stream, the Au Sable River (Michigan, USA). Trout consumed NZMS throughout the duration of the study, while sculpin minimally consumed NZMS. Of the 83 trout collected, 60% contained NZMS in their stomachs, Age 2 trout that consumed NZMS exhibited reduced condition relative to those that contained fewer NZMS. Lastly, chapter four consists of a study to characterize NZMS population dynamics and their effects on native benthic invertebrates in the Au Sable River. NZMS populations exhibited pronounced seasonality with peak densities typically occurring during the summer and autumn of each year. NZMS numerically dominated the benthic community and were associated with differences in the overall benthic community composition. The results of these studies highlight how NZMS can affect native communities and higher consumers in rivers of the Great Lakes region and contribute to a more robust understanding of the global NZMS invasion, such that undesired impacts can be minimized or averted.

Download or read book Stop the Invasion written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Phosphorus mediated Changes in Life History Traits of the Invasive New Zealand Mudsnail Potamopyrgus Antipodarum written by Teresa M. Tibbets and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the mechanisms that species use to succeed in new environments is vital to predicting the extent of invasive species impacts. Food quality is potentially important because it can affect population dynamics by affecting life history traits. The New Zealand mudsnail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, is a worldwide invader. We examined how mudsnail growth rate and fecundity responded to the C:P ratio of algal food in laboratory conditions. Mudsnails fed low-P algae (C:P 1,119) grew more slowly, matured later, produced smaller offspring, and grew to a smaller adult size than snails reared on algae with high levels of P. A relatively small increase in algal C:P (203?270) significantly increased mudsnail age at maturity. We suggest that the relatively high body P requirements of mudsnails make them susceptible to allocation trade-offs between growth and reproduction under P-limited conditions. The elemental composition of algae varies greatly in nature, and over half of the rock biofilms in streams surveyed within the introduced range of mudsnails in the Greater Yellowstone Area had C:P ratios above which could potentially pose P limitation of life history traits. High growth rate and fecundity are common traits of many species that become invasive and are also associated with high-P demands. Therefore, fast-growing consumers with high P demands, such as mudsnails, are potentially more sensitive to P limitation suggesting that limitation of growth and reproduction by food quality is an important factor in understanding the resource demands of invasive species.