Download or read book Investigation of the 1 KHz Sound Absorption in Sea Water written by Vernon Pitkin Simmons and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigations of the 1 KHZ Sound Absorption in Sea Water written by Vernon Pitkin Simmons and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a combination of sound absorption data from a large spherical resonator and relaxation frequency data from the temperature jump technique, it has been demonstrated that there is an increased sound absorption in sea water below approximately 1 kHz. The absorption mechanism has been traced to a chemical relaxation of boric acid. Observed and calculated data are in general agreement when a two step, three state boric acid ionization reaction is postulated. The observed sound absorption is attributed to the unimolecular second step of this reaction, with the faster bimolecular first step being of low sound absorption step being of low sound absorption magnitude and under diffusion control. The magnitude of the observed sound absorption is approximately nine times greater than the absorption calculated by considering only the contribution from the high frequency magnesium sulfate effect. There is an effect of bicarbonate on the low frequency absorption presumably through the buffering effect on the hydroxyl ion.
Download or read book Investigation of the 1kHz Sound Absorption in Sea Water written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Observations of Bottom Pressure on the Continental Shelf written by M. Rustin Erdman and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Model for Sound Absorption in Sea Water written by R. H. Mellen and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sounds in the Sea written by Herman Medwin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-07-21 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description
Download or read book Global Model for Sound Absorption in Sea Water written by R. H. Mellen and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The attenuation term in the sonar equation for propagation loss can be taken to include all losses that are proportional to range. Absorption in the medium is usually the dominant mechanism; however, interface scattering, volume scattering and diffraction can also become important components under certain conditions. Sound absorption in sea water is an order of magnitude greater than in fresh water at sonar frequencies. Resonator experiments in the 1950's identified the mechanism as an ionic relaxation of magnesium sulfate in the 100 kHz range. Sea experiments in the 1960's showed another anomaly in the 1 kHz range. T-jump measurements in the 1970's showed that boric acid is involved. Details of the mechanism were investigated using the resonator method in the 1980's. Other relaxations were also discovered but the only one of these that plays a significant role in sea water is the magnesium-carbonate relaxation. A three-relaxation model of sea water absorption was developed based on both laboratory and sea experiments. The main feature of the new model is the pH dependence of two components: boric acid and magnesium carbonate. In the nominal sea-water pH range 7.7-8.3, the low-frequency absorption changes by nearly a factor of 4. Model tests, using available sea data and archival pH values, show good agreement. Error analysis indicates that predictions can be expected to be accurate to within + or - 15%, providing that local pH is known to within + or - 0.05 units. Variability of pH with depth is usually much larger than this.
Download or read book Progress in Underwater Acoustics written by Harold Merklinger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 815 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: IMAGE TRACKS AT HALIFAX by L.B. Felsen All living kind much effort spend Some model modes, some model rays, To cope with their environment Some feel that spectra all portrays. Some use their eyes, some use their nose Then there are those who with despatch, To sense where other things repose. Take refuge in the ocean wedge. For one group, nothing's more profound Than to explore the world with sound. If things get messy, randomize. These audio diagnosticians What's partly smooth, determinize. You ponder, is it this or that? Go by the name of acousticians. And wish you were a lowly bat They regularly meet to check Whether their sonogram's on track. The meeting's hosts did treat us well. With images stored in their packs, They let the climate cast its spell. This year they came to Halifax. No weath'ry hope was placed in vain. There they combined with ocean types We were exposed to wind and rain, And each could hear the other's gripes. We glimpsed blue sky through clouds dispersed. A meeting naturally does start But rainy sequence was reversed: Reviewing present state of art. The ocean types would like it wet What we found out is where it's at: Yet they got stuck with sun instead. We cannot hope to match the bat Each confrence has the same refrain: Computer printouts by the reams It has been fun to meet again.
Download or read book Techniques of Water resources Investigations of the United States Geological Survey written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Attenuation of Low Frequency Sound in the Sea written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Engineering Studies written by Naval Underwater Systems Center (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 838 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Techniques of Water resources Investigations of the United States Geological Survey chap B1 Aquifer test design observation and data analysis written by Geological Survey (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Techniques of Water resources Investigations of the United States Geological Survey Chapt B2 Bennet G D Introduction to ground water hydraulics written by Geological Survey (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamentals of Acoustical Oceanography written by Herman Medwin and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1997-11-05 with total page 739 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The developments in the field of ocean acoustics over recent years make this book an important reference for specialists in acoustics, oceanography, marine biology, and related fields. Fundamentals of Acoustical Oceanography also encourages a new generation of scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs to apply the modern methods of acoustical physics to probe the unknown sea. The book is an authoritative, modern text with examples and exercises. It contains techniques to solve the direct problems, solutions of inverse problems, and an extensive bibliography from the earliest use of sound in the sea to present references.Written by internationally recognized scientists, the book provides background to measure ocean parameters and processes, find life and objects in the sea, communicate underwater, and survey the boundaries of the sea. Fundamentals of Acoustical Oceanography explains principles of underwater sound propagation, and describes how both actively probing sonars and passively listening hydrophones can reveal what the eye cannot see over vast ranges of the turbid ocean. This book demonstrates how to use acoustical remote sensing, variations in sound transmission, in situ acoustical measurements, and computer and laboratory models to identify the physical and biological parameters and processes in the sea.* Offers an integrated, modern approach to passive and active underwater acoustics* Contains many examples of laboratory scale models of ocean-acoustic environments, as well as descriptions of experiments at sea* Covers remote sensing of marine life and the seafloor* Includes signal processing of ocean sounds, physical and biological noises at sea, and inversions* resents sound sources, receivers, and calibration* Explains high intensities; explosive waves, parametric sources, cavitation, shock waves, and streaming* Covers microbubbles from breaking waves, rainfall, dispersion, and attenuation* Describes sound propagation along ray paths and caustics* Presents sound transmissions and normal mode methods in ocean waveguides
Download or read book Differential Sound Absorption Technique and Effect of Ion pairing and Pressure on Sound Absorption in Seawater and Aqueous Mixtures of Magnesium Sulfate and Sodium Chloride written by Zhengzhi Xu and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Shock and Vibration Digest written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
