Download or read book Investigations Into the Mechanisms Underlying Grapevine Rootstock Effects on Scion Growth and Yield written by Jason Patrick Smith and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The majority of the world's vineyards are based on grafted vines, with rootstocks primarily used to protect the susceptible grape cultivars of Vitis vinifera from soil-borne phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae). While not specifically bred for growth control, rootstocks vary in their effects on the vegetative growth and yield of the scion. One reason for the differences in rootstock influence on the scion may be related to the suitability or adaptation of rootstock varieties to particular physiological characteristics associated with rootstocks that can directly control scion development. The research presented in this thesis was designed to provide a better understanding of the mchanisms underlying rootstock effects on grafted vine behaviour ... The overall objective of this study was to advance current understanding of the mechanisms by which rootstocks might modify grafted vine behaviour. Rootstocks were found to directly influence reproductive development of the scion, and biomass partitioning between the root system and above ground parts of the vine ...".
Download or read book Grapevine in a Changing Environment written by Hernâni Gerós and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-10-09 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grapes (Vitis spp.) are economically the most important fruit species in the world. Over the last decades many scientific advances have led to understand more deeply key physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of grape berry maturation. However, our knowledge on how grapevines respond to environmental stimuli and deal with biotic and abiotic stresses is still fragmented. Thus, this area of research is wide open for new scientific and technological advancements. Particularly, in the context of climate change, viticulture will have to adapt to higher temperatures, light intensity and atmospheric CO2 concentration, while water availability is expected to decrease in many viticultural regions, which poses new challenges to scientists and producers. With Grapevine in a Changing Environment, readers will benefit from a comprehensive and updated coverage on the intricate grapevine defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stress and on the new generation techniques that may be ultimately used to implement appropriate strategies aimed at the production and selection of more adapted genotypes. The book also provides valuable references in this research area and original data from several laboratories worldwide. Written by 63 international experts on grapevine ecophysiology, biochemistry and molecular biology, the book is a reference for a wide audience with different backgrounds, from plant physiologists, biochemists and graduate and post-graduate students, to viticulturists and enologists.
Download or read book The Biochemistry of the Grape Berry written by Hernâni Gerós and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2012 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Grapes (Vitis spp.) are economically significant fruit species. Many scientific advances have been achieved in understanding physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of grape berry maturation. Some of these advances have led to the improvement of"
Download or read book Grapevine Rootstock scion Interactions and Influence on Ripening Periods and the Initiation of Senescence written by Jean Catherine Dodson and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pest and disease pressures have traditionally driven the use of grapevine rootstocks in California. However, competing demands on the State’s water resources from an ever-increasing population and uncertainty of the supply under a changing climate mean that the water available for agriculture will continue to diminish. This inevitability has resulted in an increased interest in how rootstock characteristics influence scion growth and yield, and the impact rootstock parentage and genetics have on controlling these traits. This research consisted of three separate studies. The initial study examined 19 rootstocks on eight different field sites to determine rootstock impact on yields and pruning weights. The study spanned 11 years and general rootstock trends on yield and pruning weights were documented across the different soil types. Each field trial was positioned within a larger commercially operated winegrape vineyard of the same scion cultivar. Yield results were obtained by counting and weighing clusters at the time of harvest. Pruning weights were taken in winter after a professional crew pruned to normal standards for the given trellis and site characteristics. The results found that rootstocks group based on soil-based factors such as soil depth and water holding capacity, soil texture, soil chemistry and pathogen and pest pressure. This study laid the foundation for an examination of rootstock influence on scion phenological features examined in the second and third portion of this research. The objective of the second study was to determine the role that two grapevine rootstocks (110R and 101-14 MGT) have on scion phenology; specifically on leaf senescence and its influence on fruit ripening. To evaluate and classify rootstock influence on scion growth, development and senescence field trials were evaluated at three locations and measured: scion internode and stem diameter above the second cluster; cluster number; yield and pruning weight per vine; photon flux density (PFD) penetration into the cluster zone; abscisic acid accumulation in the leaves; and vine balance. The results suggest that 101-14 MGT shortens the length of the growing season compared to 110R based on the timing of senescence. 110R and 101-14 MGT also had a significant influence on scion growth characteristics. Vines grafted on 110R tended to have lower PFD in the cluster zone, more clusters, greater pruning and yield weights per vine in comparison to scions grafted on 101-14 MGT. Scions grated on 110R also had greater shoot internode lengths and stem diameters above the second cluster than those on 101-14 MGT. In the final study, a time efficient and cost effective container-based assay was developed to screen existing and newly bred rootstocks for their influence on the timing of leaf senescence timing and scion dormancy. A leaf senescence indexing guide was developed by evaluating rootstocks in two container-based shadehouse studies. The initial container assay was conducted over the course of two years and was established from dormant cuttings. It evaluated five commonly used rootstocks (101-14 MGT, 110R, 420A, Riparia Gloire, St. George), un-grafted and grafted with Cabernet Sauvignon under deficit and non-deficit irrigation regimes. A second container assay was established from herbaceous cuttings from a Ramsey (Vitis candicans x V. rupestris) x Riparia Gloire (V. riparia) population. These plants were un-grafted and exposed to deficit irrigation. In addition to scoring senescence, midday leaf water potential and stomatal conductance data were taken. Results from this study found that container assays can be successfully used to determine differences in senescence timing and are more easily observed under deficit irrigation. These results found that leaf senescence segregates in this population and identified selections with very early senescence, 33 and 105, and selections with late senescence, 56, 97 and 106.
Download or read book Grapevine in a Changing Environment written by Hernâni Gerós and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-10-05 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grapes (Vitis spp.) are economically the most important fruit species in the world. Over the last decades many scientific advances have led to understand more deeply key physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of grape berry maturation. However, our knowledge on how grapevines respond to environmental stimuli and deal with biotic and abiotic stresses is still fragmented. Thus, this area of research is wide open for new scientific and technological advancements. Particularly, in the context of climate change, viticulture will have to adapt to higher temperatures, light intensity and atmospheric CO2 concentration, while water availability is expected to decrease in many viticultural regions, which poses new challenges to scientists and producers. With Grapevine in a Changing Environment, readers will benefit from a comprehensive and updated coverage on the intricate grapevine defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stress and on the new generation techniques that may be ultimately used to implement appropriate strategies aimed at the production and selection of more adapted genotypes. The book also provides valuable references in this research area and original data from several laboratories worldwide. Written by 63 international experts on grapevine ecophysiology, biochemistry and molecular biology, the book is a reference for a wide audience with different backgrounds, from plant physiologists, biochemists and graduate and post-graduate students, to viticulturists and enologists.
Download or read book Physiological and Molecular Aspects of Plant Rootstock Scion Interactions written by Rosario Paolo Mauro and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-11 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Apple Rootstocks Affect Scion Vigor Through Their Effect on Scion Water Relations written by Erica Casagrande Biasuz and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dwarfing rootstocks are used to reduce shoot vigor and improve fruit quality and productivity. Although growth habits of different rootstocks have been clearly described, the underlying mechanisms contributing to dwarfing are not well understood. Plant water status and stem water potential are strongly influenced by water movement from the roots to leaves through the vascular system. Stomata regulate transpiration and are essential to protect the hydraulic system under water limitations and can also influence biomass isotope composition. Carbon ([delta]13C) and oxygen isotope composition ([delta]18O) are established proxy measures of water-use efficiency in plants. Combined, rootstocks may affect water movement and stomatal control, and subsequently, limit gas exchange affecting tree growth and biomass as well as tissue isotope composition. To evaluate this hypothesis, 'Honeycrisp' apples were grafted on different rootstock and analyzed in the field and greenhouse. Vegetative growth, gas exchange, stem water potential, and leaf isotope composition were measured to understand how rootstocks affect scion water relations and whether these differences correspond to shoot vigor. These experiments showed a positive relationship between shoot growth and photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance and a negative correlation with stem water potential. Experiments conducted in the greenhouse demonstrated that the rootstock effect on physiological traits in the leaf was consistent whether trees were grafted with a scion or not. Moreover, previous research has suggested that rootstocks may affect anatomical traits in the vascular system. Thus, another study was conducted to associate vegetative growth and water relations and to changes in anatomical traits in the stem and leaves. Scanning Electron Microscopy images were obtained for woody trunk, vegetative stem growth, and leaves. Measured parameters included ray parenchyma cells and xylem vessel diameter, and leaf traits. Dwarfing rootstocks affected xylem vessel density and leaf anatomy of the scion and has implications in water movement in the scion. The effects of rootstock on water relations were also observed for non-grafted plants. Consistently through independent experiments, the effect of dwarfing rootstocks corresponded to water limitations induced by rootstock genotype in apple that had strong downstream effects on physiology, anatomy, and overall growth.
Download or read book The Science of Grapevines written by Markus Keller and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-01-19 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Science of Grapevines: Anatomy and Physiology is an introduction to the physical structure of the grapevine, its various organs, their functions and their interactions with the environment. Beginning with a brief overview of the botanical classification (including an introduction to the concepts of species, cultivars, clones, and rootstocks), plant morphology and anatomy, and growth cycles of grapevines, The Science of Grapevines covers the basic concepts in growth and development, water relations, photosynthesis and respiration, mineral uptake and utilization, and carbon partitioning. These concepts are put to use to understand plant-environment interactions including canopy dynamics, yield formation, and fruit composition, and concludes with an introduction to stress physiology, including water stress (drought and flooding), nutrient deficiency and excess, extreme temperatures (heat and cold), and the impact and response to of other organisms. Based on the author’s years of teaching grapevine anatomy as well as his research experience with grapevines and practical experience growing grapes, this book provides an important guide to understanding the entire plant. Chapter 7 broken into two chapters, now "Environmental Constraints and Stress Physiology and Chapter 8 "Living with Other Organisms" to better reflect specific concepts Integration of new research results including: Latest research on implementing drip irrigation to maximize sugar accumulation within grapes Effect of drought stress on grapevine’s hydraulic system and options for optimum plant maintenance in drought conditions The recently discovered plant hormone – strigolactones – and their contribution of apical dominance that has suddenly outdated dogma on apical dominance control Chapter summaries added Key literature references missed in the first edition as well as references to research completed since the 1e publication will be added
Download or read book Vegetable Grafting written by Giuseppe Colla and published by Cabi. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive and current scientific and practical knowledge on vegetable grafting, a method gaining considerable interest as an alternative to the use of fumigants to protect crops from soil-borne diseases.
Download or read book Molecular and Metabolic Mechanisms Associated with Fleshy Fruit Quality written by Ana M. Fortes and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-09-08 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fleshy Fruits are a late acquisition of plant evolution. In addition of protecting the seeds, these specialized organs unique to plants were developed to promote seed dispersal via the contribution of frugivorous animals. Fruit development and ripening is a complex process and understanding the underlying genetic and molecular program is a very active field of research. Part of the ripening process is directed to build up quality traits such as color, texture and aroma that make the fruit attractive and palatable. As fruit consumers, humans have developed a time long interaction with fruits which contributed to make the fruit ripening attributes conform our needs and preferences. This issue of Frontiers in Plant Science is intended to cover the most recent advances in our understanding of different aspects of fleshy fruit biology, including the genetic, molecular and metabolic mechanisms associated to each of the fruit quality traits. It is also of prime importance to consider the effects of environmental cues, cultural practices and postharvest methods, and to decipher the mechanism by which they impact fruit quality traits. Most of our knowledge of fleshy fruit development, ripening and quality traits comes from work done in a reduced number of species that are not only of economic importance but can also benefit from a number of genetic and genomic tools available to their specific research communities. For instance, working with tomato and grape offers several advantages since the genome sequences of these two fleshy fruit species have been deciphered and a wide range of biological and genetic resources have been developed. Ripening mutants are available for tomato which constitutes the main model system for fruit functional genomics. In addition, tomato is used as a reference species for climacteric fruit which ripening is controlled by the phytohormone ethylene. Likewise, grape is a reference species for non-climacteric fruit even though no single master switches controlling ripening initiation have been uncovered yet. In the last period, the genome sequence of an increased number of fruit crop species became available which creates a suitable situation for research communities around crops to get organized and information to be shared through public repositories. On the other hand, the availability of genome-wide expression profiling technologies has enabled an easier study of global transcriptional changes in fruit species where the sequenced genome is not yet available. In this issue authors will present recent progress including original data as well as authoritative reviews on our understanding of fleshy fruit biology focusing on tomato and grape as model species.
Download or read book Cold Hardiness of Grapevine Rootstocks and Their Effect on Scion Cold Hardiness and Time of Bud Burst written by David Miller M. and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Very strange things are afoot at Fablehaven. Someone or something has released a plague that transforms beings of light into creatures of darkness. Seth discovers the problem early, but as the infectious disease spreads, it becomes clear that the preserve cannot hold out for long. In dire need of help, the Sorensons question where to turn. The Sphinx has always given sound advice -- but is he a traitor? Inside the Quiet Box, Vanessa might have information that could lead to a cure, but can she be trusted?"--Provided by publisher
Download or read book The Australian New Zealand Grapegrower Winemaker written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Resilience of grapevine to climate change From plant physiology to adaptation strategies volume II written by Chiara Pastore and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-09-07 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Resilience of Grapevine to Climate Change From Plant Physiology to Adaptation Strategies written by Chiara Pastore and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-09-20 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Epigenetics Coming of Age for Breeding Applications written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-11-21 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetics and Breeding, Volume 88, the latest release in the Advances in Botanical Research series, brings together the experiences and critical information teachers, researchers and managers must consider from both scientific and legal points-of-view as they relate to biotechnology. New chapters in this updated volume include sections on Epigenetic Mechanisms in Plants, Epigenomic Diversity and Applications to Breeding, Epigenetics in Breeding, EpiRILs: Lessons from Arabidopsis, Transposable Elements as a Tool for Plant Improvement, Epigenome Editing, Epigenetics and Grafting, Sexual and Non-sexual reproduction, Epigenetics in Cereals, and more. Encompasses various aspects of botanical research, including its historical background, current status, recent research outcomes and potential future developments Written by highly competent authors from all continents Provides data that is based on facts and written in a dispassionate and non-polemical tone
Download or read book Grapevine Viruses Molecular Biology Diagnostics and Management written by Baozhong Meng and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The domestication of grapes dates back five thousand years ago and has spread to nearly all continents. In recent years, grape acreage has increased dramatically in new regions, including the United States of America, Chile, Asia (China and India), and Turkey. A major limiting factor to the sustained production of premium grapes and wines is infections by viruses. The advent of powerful molecular and metagenomics technologies, such as molecular cloning and next generation sequencing, allowed the discovery of new viruses from grapes. To date, grapevine is susceptible to 64 viruses that belong to highly diverse taxonomic groups. The most damaging diseases include: (1) infectious degeneration; (2) leafroll disease complex; and (3) rugose wood complex. Recently, two new disease syndromes have been recognized: Syrah decline and red blotch. Losses due to fanleaf degeneration are estimated at $1 billion annually in France alone. Other diseases including leafroll, rugose wood, Syrah de cline and red blotch can result in total crop loss several years post-infection. This situation is further exacerbated by mixed infections with multiple viruses and other biotic as well as adverse abiotic environmental conditions, such as drought and winter damage, causing even greater destruction. The book builds upon the last handbook (written over twenty years ago) on the part of diagnostics and extensively expands its scope by inclusion of molecular biology aspects of select viruses that are widespread and economically most important. This includes most current information on the biology, transmission, genome replication, transcription, subcellular localization, as well as virus-host interactions. It also touches on several novel areas of scientific inquiry. It also contains suggested directions for future research in the field of grapevine virology.
Download or read book Fruit Crops written by Anoop Kumar Srivastava and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-11-30 with total page 802 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fruit Crops: Diagnosis and Management of Nutrient Constraints is the first and only resource to holistically relate fruits as a nutritional source for human health to the state-of-the-art methodologies currently used to diagnose and manage nutritional constraints placed on those fruits. This book explores a variety of advanced management techniques, including open field hydroponic, fertigation/bio-fertigation, the use of nano-fertilizers, sensors-based nutrient management, climate- smart integrated soil fertility management, inoculation with microbial consortium, and endophytes backed up by ecophysiology of fruit crops. These intricate issues are effectively presented, including real-world applications and future insights. Presents the latest research, including issues with commercial application Details comprehensive insights into the diagnosis and management of nutrient constraints Includes contributions by world renowned researchers, providing global perspectives and experience
