Download or read book Investigation of Wireless LAN for IEC 61850 Based Smart Distribution Substations written by Palak P. Parikh and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IEC 61850 standard is receiving acceptance worldwide to deploy Ethernet Local Area Networks (LANs) for electrical substations in a smart grid environment. With the recent growth in wireless communication technologies, wireless Ethernet or Wireless LAN (WLAN), standardized in IEEE 802.11, is gaining interest in the power industry for substation automation applications, especially at the distribution level. Low Voltage (LV) / Medium Voltage (MV) distribution substations have comparatively low time-critical performance requirements. At the same time, expensive but high data-rate fiber-based Ethernet networks may not be a feasible solution for the MV/LV distribution network. Extensive work is carried out to assess wireless LAN technologies for various IEC 61850 based smart distribution substation applications: control and monitoring; automation and metering; and over-current protection. First, the investigation of wireless LANs for various smart distribution substation applications was initiated with radio noise-level measurements in total five (27.6 and 13.8 kV) substations owned by London Hydro and Hydro One in London, ON, Canada. The measured noise level from a spectrum analyzer was modeled using the Probability Distribution Function (PDF) tool in MATLAB, and parameters for these models in the 2.4 GHz band and 5.8 GHz band were obtained. Further, this measured noise models were used to simulate substation environment in OPNET (the industry-trusted communication networking simulation) tool. In addition, the efforts for developing dynamic models of WLAN-enabled IEC 61850 devices were initiated using Proto-C programming in OPNET tool. The IEC 61850 based devices, such as Protection and Control (P & C) Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) and Merging Unit (MU) were developed based on the OSI-7 layer stack proposed in IEC 61850. The performance of various smart distribution substation applications was assessed in terms of average and maximum message transfer delays and throughput. The work was extended by developing hardware prototypes of WLAN enabled IEC 61850 devices in the R & D laboratory at University of Western Ontario, Canada. P & C IED, MU, Processing IED, and Echo IED were developed using industrial embedded computers over the QNX Real Time Operating System (RTOS) platform. The functions were developed using hard real-time multithreads, timers, and so on to communicate IEC 61850 application messages for analyzing WLAN performance in terms of Round Trip Time (RTT) and throughput. The laboratory was set up with WLAN-enabled IEC 61850 devices, a commercially available WLAN Access Point (AP), noise sources, and spectrum and network analyzers. Performance of various smart distribution substation applications is examined within the developed laboratory. Finally, the performance evaluation was carried out in real-world field testing at 13.8 and 27.6 kV distribution substations, by installing the devices in substation control room and switchyard. The RTT of IEC 61850 based messages and operating time of the overcurrent protection using WLAN based communication network were evaluated in the harsh environment of actual distribution substations. The important findings from the exhaustive investigation were discussed throughout this work.

Download or read book Wireless Communications for Power Substations RF Characterization and Modeling written by Basile L. Agba and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-08 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book consists of the identification, characterization, and modeling of electromagnetic interferences in substations for the deployment of wireless sensor networks. The authors present in chapter 3 the measurement setup to record sequences of impulsive noise samples in the ISM band of interest. The setup can measure substation impulsive noise, in wide band, with enough samples per time window and enough precision to allow a statistical study of the noise. During the measurement campaign, the authors recorded around 120 noise sequences in different substations and for four ranges of equipment voltage, which are 25 kV, 230 kV, 315 kV and 735 kV. A characterization process is proposed, by which physical characteristics of partial discharge can be measured in terms of first- and second-order statistics. From the measurement campaign, the authors infer the characteristics of substation impulsive noise as a function of the substation equipment voltage, and can provide representative parameters for the four voltage ranges and for several existing impulsive noise models. The authors investigate in chapters 4 and 5 the modeling of electromagnetic interferences caused by partial discharge sources. First, the authors propose a complete and coherent approach model that links physical characteristics of high-voltage installations to the induced radio-interference spectra of partial discharge sources. The goodness-of-fit of the proposed physical model has been measured based on some interesting statistical metrics. This allows one to assess the effectiveness of the authors' approach in terms of first- and second-order statistics. Chapter 6 proposes a model based on statistical approach. Indeed, substation impulsive noise is composed of correlated impulses, which would require models with memory in order to replicate a similar correlation. Among different models, we have configured a Partitioned Markov Chain (PMC) with 19 states (one state for the background noise and 18 states for the impulse); this Markov-Gaussian model is able to generate impulsive noise with correlated impulse samples. The correlation is observable on the impulse duration and the power spectrum of the impulses. Our PMC model provides characteristics that are more similar to the characteristics of substation impulsive noise in comparison with other models, in terms of time and frequency response, as well as Probability Density Functions (PDF). Although PMC represents reliably substation impulsive noise, the model remains complex in terms of parameter estimation due to a large number of Markov states, which can be an obstacle for future wireless system design. In order to simplify the model, the authors decrease the number of states to 7 by assigning one state to the background noise and 6 states to the impulse and we call this model PMC-6. PMC-6 can generate realistic impulses and can be easily implemented in a receiver in order to mitigate substation impulsive noise. Representative parameters are provided in order to replicate substation impulsive noise for different voltage ranges (25-735 kV). Chapter 7, a generalized radio-noise model for substations is proposed, in which there are many discharges sources that are randomly distributed over space and time according to the Poisson field of interferers approach. This allows for the identification of some interesting statistical properties of moments, cumulants and probability distributions. These can, in turn, be utilized in signal processing algorithms for rapid partial discharge's identification, localization, and impulsive noise mitigation techniques in wireless communications in substations. The primary audience for this book is the electrical and power engineering industry, electricity providers and companies who are interested in substation automation systems using wireless communication technologies for smart grid applications. Researchers, engineers and students studying and working in wireless communication will also want to buy this book as a reference.

Download or read book Transportation and Power Grid in Smart Cities written by Hussein T. Mouftah and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-12-28 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the increasing worldwide trend in population migration into urban centers, we are beginning to see the emergence of the kinds of mega-cities which were once the stuff of science fiction. It is clear to most urban planners and developers that accommodating the needs of the tens of millions of inhabitants of those megalopolises in an orderly and uninterrupted manner will require the seamless integration of and real-time monitoring and response services for public utilities and transportation systems. Part speculative look into the future of the world’s urban centers, part technical blueprint, this visionary book helps lay the groundwork for the communication networks and services on which tomorrow’s “smart cities” will run. Written by a uniquely well-qualified author team, this book provides detailed insights into the technical requirements for the wireless sensor and actuator networks required to make smart cities a reality.

Download or read book Cyberphysical Smart Cities Infrastructures written by M. Hadi Amini and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-01-06 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn to deploy novel algorithms to improve and secure smart city infrastructure In Cyberphysical Smart Cities Infrastructures: Optimal Operation and Intelligent Decision Making, accomplished researchers Drs. M. Hadi Amini and Miadreza Shafie-Khah deliver a crucial exploration of new directions in the science and engineering of deploying novel and efficient computing algorithms to enhance the efficient operation of the networks and communication systems underlying smart city infrastructure. The book covers special issues on the deployment of these algorithms with an eye to helping readers improve the operation of smart cities. The editors present concise and accessible material from a collection of internationally renowned authors in areas as diverse as computer science, electrical engineering, operation research, civil engineering, and the social sciences. They also include discussions of the use of artificial intelligence to secure the operations of cyberphysical smart city infrastructure and provide several examples of the applications of novel theoretical algorithms. Readers will also enjoy: Thorough introductions to fundamental algorithms for computing and learning, large-scale optimizations, control theory for large-scale systems Explorations of machine learning and intelligent decision making in cyberphysical smart cities, including smart energy systems and intelligent transportation networks In-depth treatments of intelligent decision making in cyberphysical smart city infrastructure and optimization in networked smart cities Perfect for senior undergraduate and graduate students of electrical and computer engineering, computer science, civil engineering, telecommunications, information technology, and business, Cyberphysical Smart Cities Infrastructures is an indispensable reference for anyone seeking to solve real-world problems in smart cities.

Download or read book Operation of Distributed Energy Resources in Smart Distribution Networks written by Kazem Zare and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-06-05 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Operation of Distributed Energy Resources in Smart Distribution Networks defines the barriers and challenges of smart distribution networks, ultimately proposing optimal solutions for addressing them. The book considers their use as an important part of future electrical power systems and their ability to improve the local flexibility and reliability of electrical systems. It carefully defines the concept as a radial network with a cluster of distributed energy generations, various types of loads, and energy storage systems. In addition, the book details how the huge penetration of distributed energy resources and the intermittent nature of renewable generations may cause system problems. Readers will find this to be an important resource that analyzes and introduces the features and problems of smart distribution networks from different aspects. Integrates different types of elements, including electrical vehicles, demand response programs, and various renewable energy sources in distribution networks Proposes optimal operational models for the short-term performance and scheduling of a distribution network Discusses the uncertainties of renewable resources and intermittent load in the decision-making process for distribution networks

Download or read book Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Systems and Informatics 2019 written by Aboul Ella Hassanien and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-02 with total page 1093 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Systems and Informatics 2019 (AISI2019), which took place in Cairo, Egypt, from October 26 to 28, 2019. This international and interdisciplinary conference, which highlighted essential research and developments in the fields of informatics and intelligent systems, was organized by the Scientific Research Group in Egypt (SRGE). The book is divided into several sections, covering the following topics: machine learning and applications, swarm optimization and applications, robotic and control systems, sentiment analysis, e-learning and social media education, machine and deep learning algorithms, recognition and image processing, intelligent systems and applications, mobile computing and networking, cyber-physical systems and security, smart grids and renewable energy, and micro-grid and power systems.

Download or read book Research Anthology on Smart Grid and Microgrid Development written by Management Association, Information Resources and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2021-09-24 with total page 1480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smart grid and microgrid technology are growing exponentially as they are adopted throughout the world. These new technologies have revolutionized the way electricity is produced, delivered, and consumed, and offer a plethora of benefits as well as the potential for further growth. It is critical to examine the current stage of smart grid and microgrid development as well as the direction they are headed as they continue to expand in order to ensure that cost-effective, reliable, and efficient systems are put in place. The Research Anthology on Smart Grid and Microgrid Development is an all-encompassing reference source of the latest innovations and trends within smart grid and microgrid development. Detailing benefits, challenges, and opportunities, it is a crucial resource to fully understand the current opportunities that smart grids and microgrids present around the world. Covering a wide range of topics such as traditional grids, future smart grids, electrical distribution systems, and microgrid integration, it is ideal for engineers, policymakers, systems developers, technologists, researchers, government officials, academicians, environmental groups, regulators, utilities specialists, industry professionals, and students.

Download or read book IEC 61850 BASED GOOSE AND SV SERVICES FOR WIDE AREA PROTECTION AND AUTOMATION written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : There is an increasing need for wide-area high-speed communication, accurate estimations, and advanced protection functionalities in Smart Grid. IEC 61850 offers guidelines to implement publisher-subscriber based peer-to-peer communication framework within a substation, which is used to process measurement and control signals from bay level to station level within a substation. However, there is a need in developing relevant framework to extend the protocol beyond the substation level for wide-area control and protection applications. Similarly, IEEE C37.118 offers guidelines to implement Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) and Phasor Data Concentrators (PDCs) to support Wide-Area Monitoring Protection and Control (WAMPAC). Existing phasor and frequency estimation algorithms in PMUs lack the ability to reflect dynamic changes in network and are slower for fast protection applications due to low reporting rates of the phasors and centralized PDC architectures which can have higher latency with a large number of PMUs. The main objectives of this dissertation are to achieve reliable and faster communication, accurate and faster phasor estimations, and novel protection schemes with dynamic network conditions. More specifically, this dissertation is at investigating the aspects of routing IEC 61850 into a wide-area network, evaluating the performance of the dynamic phasors obtained from routable IEC 61850 measurements as per IEEE C37.118 standards, and studying the routable IEC 61850 data for protection applications. The first objective is achieved by implementing a novel Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) based architecture for routing IEC 61850 based Generic Objected Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) messaging and Sampled Value (SV) measurements between substations which are on different local area networks (LAN). This scheme also offers a path towards utilizing protocol independent routing for larger networks. Case studies demonstrate that the proposed VLAN based routable GOOSE and SV framework is able to comply with the transfer time requirement for sending status and measurements over a wide-area network (WAN). Similarly, the case studies demonstrate the possibility of utilizing routable IEC 61850 for WAMPAC. The second objective is achieved by implementing dynamic phasor estimation algorithm, which is based on the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). The results demonstrate that EKF based phasor estimation complies with IEEE C37.118 performance indices for steadystate and dynamic changes in the phasor estimation. Finally, the third objective is achieved by the use of SV information for out-of-step protection, islanding detection, and line-differential protection, which are some of the important protection functionalists in power grids. Cases studies assess the performance of the respective protection algorithms from the point of phasor estimation, asynchronous sampling of instantaneous measurements, and algorithm evaluation using real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulation.

Download or read book Smart Microgrids written by Sasi K. Kottayil and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-08-17 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the need to understand the development, use, construction, and operation of smart microgrids (SMG). Covering selected major operations of SMG like dynamic energy management, demand response, and demand dispatch, it describes the design and operational challenges of different microgrids and provides feasible solutions for systems. Smart Micro Grid presents communication technologies and governing standards used in developing communication networks for realizing various smart services and applications in microgrids. An architecture facilitating bidirectional communication for smart distribution/microgrid is brought out covering aspects of its design, development and validation. The book is aimed at graduate, research students and professionals in power, power systems, and power electronics. Features: • Covers a broad overview of the benefits, the design and operation requirements, standards and communication requirements for deploying microgrids in distribution systems. • Explores issues related to planning, expansion, operation, type of microgrids, interaction among microgrid and distribution networks, demand response, and the technical requirements for the communication network. • Discusses current standards and common practices to develop and operate microgrids. • Describes technical issues and requirements for operating microgrids. • Illustrates smart communication architecture and protocols.

Download or read book Methods and Concepts for Designing and Validating Smart Grid Systems written by Thomas I. Strasser and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-11-20 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy efficiency and low-carbon technologies are key contributors to curtailing the emission of greenhouse gases that continue to cause global warming. The efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions also strongly affect electrical power systems. Renewable sources, storage systems, and flexible loads provide new system controls, but power system operators and utilities have to deal with their fluctuating nature, limited storage capabilities, and typically higher infrastructure complexity with a growing number of heterogeneous components. In addition to the technological change of new components, the liberalization of energy markets and new regulatory rules bring contextual change that necessitates the restructuring of the design and operation of future energy systems. Sophisticated component design methods, intelligent information and communication architectures, automation and control concepts, new and advanced markets, as well as proper standards are necessary in order to manage the higher complexity of such intelligent power systems that form smart grids. Due to the considerably higher complexity of such cyber-physical energy systems, constituting the power system, automation, protection, information and communication technology (ICT), and system services, it is expected that the design and validation of smart-grid configurations will play a major role in future technology and system developments. However, an integrated approach for the design and evaluation of smart-grid configurations incorporating these diverse constituent parts remains evasive. The currently available validation approaches focus mainly on component-oriented methods. In order to guarantee a sustainable, affordable, and secure supply of electricity through the transition to a future smart grid with considerably higher complexity and innovation, new design, validation, and testing methods appropriate for cyber-physical systems are required. Therefore, this book summarizes recent research results and developments related to the design and validation of smart grid systems.

Download or read book Safety Reliability and Risk Analysis written by R.D.J.M. Steenbergen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-09-18 with total page 3422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods of risk and reliability analysis are becoming increasingly important as decision support tools in various fields of engineering. Safety, Reliability and Risk Analysis: Beyond the Horizon covers a wide range of topics for which risk analysis forms an indispensable field of knowledge to ensure sufficient safety.

Download or read book Wireless Communications and Applications written by Patrick Sénac and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-29 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the First International ICST Conference on Wireless Communications and Applications, ICWCA 2011, held in Sanya, China, in August 2011. The 43 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from around 90 submissions and cover a wide range of topics as mobile ad hoc networks, sensor networks, network architectural design, network protocol design, local area networks, MAC, routing, and transport protocols, quality of service provisioning, reliability and fault tolerance issues, resource allocation and management, signal processing, medical imaging, data aggregation techniques, security and privacy issues, wireless computing and applications for wireless network as smart grid, agriculture, health care, smart home, conditional monitoring, etc.

Download or read book Intelligent Monitoring Control and Security of Critical Infrastructure Systems written by Elias Kyriakides and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-13 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the challenges that critical infrastructure systems face, and presents state of the art solutions to address them. How can we design intelligent systems or intelligent agents that can make appropriate real-time decisions in the management of such large-scale, complex systems? What are the primary challenges for critical infrastructure systems? The book also provides readers with the relevant information to recognize how important infrastructures are, and their role in connection with a society’s economy, security and prosperity. It goes on to describe state-of-the-art solutions to address these points, including new methodologies and instrumentation tools (e.g. embedded software and intelligent algorithms) for transforming and optimizing target infrastructures. The book is the most comprehensive resource to date for professionals in both the private and public sectors, while also offering an essential guide for students and researchers in the areas of modeling and analysis of critical infrastructure systems, monitoring, control, risk/impact evaluation, fault diagnosis, fault-tolerant control, and infrastructure dependencies/interdependencies. The importance of the research presented in the book is reflected in the fact that currently, for the first time in human history, more people live in cities than in rural areas, and that, by 2050, roughly 70% of the world’s total population is expected to live in cities.

Download or read book Smart Grid Applications and Developments written by Daphne Mah and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-25 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Meeting today’s energy and climate challenges require not only technological advancement but also a good understanding of stakeholders’ perceptions, political sensitivity, well-informed policy analyses and innovative interdisciplinary solutions. This book will fill this gap. This is an interdisciplinary informative book to provide a holistic and integrated understanding of the technology-stakeholder-policy interactions of smart grid technologies. The unique features of the book include the following: (a) interdisciplinary approach – by bringing in the policy dimensions to smart grid technologies; (b) global and Asian perspective and (c) learning from national case studies. This book is organised into five sections. Part 1 discusses the historical and conceptual aspects of smart grids. Part 2 introduces the technological aspects and showcase the state of the art of the technologies. Part 3 explores the policy and governance dimensions by bringing in a stakeholder perspective. Part 4 presents a collection of national case studies. Part 5 shares insights and lesson learnt and provide policy recommendations. This book showcases the state-of-the-art R&D developments and policy experiences. This book contributes to a better understanding of governance institution and policy challenges and helps formulate policy recommendations for successful smart grid deployment.

Download or read book Smart Grid Fundamentals written by Radian Belu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-02-17 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides a comprehensive overview of smart grids, their role in the development of new electricity systems, as well as issues and problems related to smart grid evolution, operation, management, control, protection, entities and components. The book consists of eleven chapters, covering core topics such as energy, environmental issues, basic of power systems, introduction to renewable energy, distributed generation and energy storage, smart grid challenges, benefits and drivers, smart power transmission and distribution. It includes chapters focusing on smart grid communication, power flow analysis, smart grid design tools, energy management and microgrids. Each chapter ends with several practical and advanced problems that instilling critical thinking and applies to industrial applications. The book can be used as an introductory and basic textbook, reference and training resource by engineers, students, faculty and interested readers to gain the essential knowledge of the power and energy systems, smart grid fundamentals, concepts and features, as well as the main energy technologies, including how they work and operate, characteristics and how they are evaluated and selected for specific applications.

Download or read book Modeling and Evaluating Denial of Service Attacks for Wireless and Mobile Applications written by Zhou Lu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-05 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This SpringerBrief covers modeling and analysis of Denial-of-Service attacks in emerging wireless and mobile applications. It uses an application-specific methodology to model and evaluate denial-of-service attacks. Three emerging applications are explored: multi-modal CSMA/CA networks, time-critical networks for the smart grid, and smart phone applications. The authors define a new performance metric to quantify the benefits of backoff misbehavior and show the impacts of a wide range of backoff mishandling nodes on the network performance, and propose a scheme to minimize the delay of time-critical message delivery under jamming attacks in smart grid applications. An investigation on the resilience of mobile services against malware attacks is included to advance understanding of network vulnerabilities associated with emerging wireless networks and offers instrumental guidance into the security design for future wireless and mobile applications. This book is appropriate for students, faculty, engineers, and experts in the technical area of wireless communication, mobile networks and cyber security.

Download or read book Tools and Technologies for the Development of Cyber Physical Systems written by Balandin, Sergey and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2019-12-27 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the continual development of professional industries in today’s modernized world, certain technologies have become increasingly applicable. Cyber-physical systems, specifically, are a mechanism that has seen rapid implementation across numerous fields. This is a technology that is constantly evolving, so specialists need a handbook of research that keeps pace with the advancements and methodologies of these devices. Tools and Technologies for the Development of Cyber-Physical Systems is an essential reference source that discusses recent advancements of cyber-physical systems and its application within the health, information, and computer science industries. Featuring research on topics such as autonomous agents, power supply methods, and software assessment, this book is ideally designed for data scientists, technology developers, medical practitioners, computer engineers, researchers, academicians, and students seeking coverage on the development and various applications of cyber-physical systems.