Download or read book Investigation of Timing Performance of Scintillation Detectors for Time of Flight PET written by Rony Izack Wiener and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Issues in Nuclear High Energy Plasma Particle and Condensed Matter Physics 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 2502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics. The editors have built Issues in Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Particle Physics Reference Library written by Christian W. Fabjan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020 with total page 1083 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second open access volume of the handbook series deals with detectors, large experimental facilities and data handling, both for accelerator and non-accelerator based experiments. It also covers applications in medicine and life sciences. A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the "Particle Physics Reference Library" provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A, B1,B2,C), which took stock of the field approximately one decade ago. Central to this new initiative is publication under full open access
Download or read book Calorimetry written by Richard Wigmans and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-06 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particle physics is the science that pursues the age-old quest for the innermost structure of matter and the fundamental interactions between its constituents. Modern experiments in this field rely increasingly on calorimetry, a detection technique in which the particles of interest are absorbed in the detector. Calorimeters are very intricate instruments. Their performance characteristics depend on subtle, sometimes counter-intuitive design details. Written by one of the world's foremost experts, Calorimetry is the first comprehensive text on this topic. It provides a fundamental and systematic introduction to calorimetry. It describes the state of the art in terms of both the fundamental understanding of calorimetric particle detection, and the actual detectors that have been or are being built and operated in experiments. The last chapter discusses landmark scientific discoveries in which calorimetry has played an important role. This book summarizes and puts into perspective the work described in some 900 scientific papers, listed in the bibliography. This second edition emphasizes new developments that have taken place since the first edition appeared in 2000.
Download or read book Issues in Nuclear and Plasma Science and Technology 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-05-01 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Nuclear and Plasma Science and Technology: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Plasma Science. The editors have built Issues in Nuclear and Plasma Science and Technology: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Plasma Science in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Nuclear and Plasma Science and Technology: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Particle Detectors written by Hermann Kolanoski and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 949 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the fundamentals of particle detectors as well as their applications. Detector development is an important part of nuclear, particle and astroparticle physics, and through its applications in radiation imaging, it paves the way for advancements in the biomedical and materials sciences. Knowledge in detector physics is one of the required skills of an experimental physicist in these fields. The breadth of knowledge required for detector development comprises many areas of physics and technology, starting from interactions of particles with matter, gas- and solid-state physics, over charge transport and signal development, to elements of microelectronics. The book's aim is to describe the fundamentals of detectors and their different variants and implementations as clearly as possible and as deeply as needed for a thorough understanding. While this comprehensive opus contains all the materials taught in experimental particle physics lectures or modules addressing detector physics at the Master's level, it also goes well beyond these basic requirements. This is an essential text for students who want to deepen their knowledge in this field. It is also a highly useful guide for lecturers and scientists looking for a starting point for detector development work.
Download or read book Reconstruction Tomography in Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine written by Michel M. Ter-Pogossian and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radiation Physics for Nuclear Medicine written by Marie Claire Cantone and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-08 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of nuclear medicine is expanding rapidly, with the development of exciting new diagnostic methods and treatments. This growth is closely associated with significant advances in radiation physics. In this book, acknowledged experts explain the basic principles of radiation physics in relation to nuclear medicine and examine important novel approaches in the field. The first section is devoted to what might be termed the "building blocks" of nuclear medicine, including the mechanisms of interaction between radiation and matter and Monte Carlo codes. In subsequent sections, radiation sources for medical applications, radiopharmaceutical development and production, and radiation detectors are discussed in detail. New frontiers are then explored, including improved algorithms for image reconstruction, biokinetic models, and voxel phantoms for internal dosimetry. Both trainees and experienced practitioners and researchers will find this book to be an invaluable source of up-to-date information.
Download or read book Advanced X Ray Radiation Detection written by Krzysztof (Kris) Iniewski and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-04 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers readers an overview of some of the most recent advances in the field of technology for X-ray medical imaging. Coverage includes both technology and applications in SPECT, PET and CT, with an in-depth review of the research topics from leading specialists in the field. Coverage includes conversion of the X-ray signal into analogue/digital value, as well as a review of CMOS chips for X-ray image sensors. Emphasis is on high-Z materials like CdTe, CZT and GaAs, since they offer the best implementation possibilities for direct conversion X-ray detectors. The discussion includes material challenges, detector operation physics and technology and readout integrated circuits required to detect signals processes by high-Z sensors. Authors contrast these emerging technologies with more established ones based on scintillator materials. This book is an excellent reference for people already working in the field as well as for people wishing to enter it.
Download or read book Principles of Radiation Interaction in Matter and Detection 4th Edition written by Claude Leroy and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2015-12-17 with total page 1345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The fourth edition of this book has been widely revised. It includes additional chapters and some sections are complemented with either new ones or an extension of their content. In this latest edition a complete treatment of the physics and properties of semiconductors is presented, covering transport phenomena in semiconductors, scattering mechanisms, radiation effects and displacement damages. Furthermore, this edition presents a comprehensive treatment of the Coulomb scattering on screened nuclear potentials resulting from electrons, protons, light- and heavy-ions -- ranging from (very) low up to ultra-relativistic kinetic energies -- and allowing one to derive the corresponding NIEL (non-ionizing energy-loss) doses deposited in any material. The contents are organized into two parts: Chapters 1 to 7 cover Particle Interactions and Displacement Damage while the remaining chapters focus on Radiation Environments and Particle Detection. This book can serve as reference for graduate students and final-year undergraduates and also as supplement for courses in particle, astroparticle, space physics and instrumentation. A section of the book is directed toward courses in medical physics. Researchers in experimental particle physics at low, medium, and high energy who are dealing with instrumentation will also find the book useful."--
Download or read book Scintillation Dosimetry written by Sam Beddar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-06 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scintillation Dosimetry delivers a comprehensive introduction to plastic scintillation dosimetry, covering everything from basic radiation dosimetry concepts to plastic scintillating fiber optics. Comprised of chapters authored by leading experts in the medical physics community, the book: Discusses a broad range of technical implementations, from point source dosimetry scaling to 3D-volumetric and 4D-scintillation dosimetry Addresses a wide scope of clinical applications, from machine quality assurance to small-field and in vivo dosimetry Examines related optical techniques, such as optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) or Čerenkov luminescence Thus, Scintillation Dosimetry provides an authoritative reference for detailed, state-of-the-art information on plastic scintillation dosimetry and its use in the field of radiation dosimetry.
Download or read book Multi CFD Timing Estimators for PET Block Detectors written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a conventional PET system with block detectors, a timing estimator is created by generating the analog sum of the signals from the four photomultiplier tubes (PMT) in a module and discriminating the sum with a single constant fraction discriminator (CFD). The differences in the propagation time between the PMTs in the module can potentially degrade the timing resolution of the module. While this degradation is probably too small to affect performance in conventional PET imaging, it may impact the timing inaccuracy for time-of-flight PET systems (which have higher timing resolution requirements). Using a separate CFD for each PMT would allow for propagation time differences to be removed through calibration and correction in software. In this paper we investigate and quantify the timing resolution achievable when the signal from each of the 4 PMTs is digitized by a separate CFD. Several methods are explored for both obtaining values for the propagation time differences between the PMTs and combining the four arrival times to form a single timing estimator. We find that the propagation time correction factors are best derived through an exhaustive search, and that the ''weighted average'' method provides the best timing estimator. Using these methods, the timing resolution achieved with 4 CFDs (1052 ± 82 ps) is equivalent to the timing resolution with the conventional single CFD setup (1067 ± 158 ps).
Download or read book Advances in organ specific PET instrumentation and their clinical and research applications An Issue of PET Clinics E Book written by Abass Alavi and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2023-11-13 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of PET Clinics, guest editors Drs. Abass Alavi, Habib Zaidi, and Suleman Surti bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Advances in Organ-specific PET Instrumentation and Their Clinical Applications. Top experts cover key topics such as the increasing use of silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) technology, advances in depth-of-interaction (DOI) and time-of-flight (TOF) PET detectors, the use of artificial intelligence technologies for detector development; and more. Contains 11 relevant, practice-oriented topics including advances in PET detectors and readout technologies; whole-gamma imaging; clinical applications of dedicated brain PET; clinical applications of dedicated breast PET; potential clinical applications of dedicated prostate PET; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on advances in organ-specific PET instrumentation and their clinical applications, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.
Download or read book Comprehensive Biomedical Physics written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-07-25 with total page 4052 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Biomedical Physics, Ten Volume Set is a new reference work that provides the first point of entry to the literature for all scientists interested in biomedical physics. It is of particularly use for graduate and postgraduate students in the areas of medical biophysics. This Work is indispensable to all serious readers in this interdisciplinary area where physics is applied in medicine and biology. Written by leading scientists who have evaluated and summarized the most important methods, principles, technologies and data within the field, Comprehensive Biomedical Physics is a vital addition to the reference libraries of those working within the areas of medical imaging, radiation sources, detectors, biology, safety and therapy, physiology, and pharmacology as well as in the treatment of different clinical conditions and bioinformatics. This Work will be valuable to students working in all aspect of medical biophysics, including medical imaging and biomedical radiation science and therapy, physiology, pharmacology and treatment of clinical conditions and bioinformatics. The most comprehensive work on biomedical physics ever published Covers one of the fastest growing areas in the physical sciences, including interdisciplinary areas ranging from advanced nuclear physics and quantum mechanics through mathematics to molecular biology and medicine Contains 1800 illustrations, all in full color
Download or read book Single Photon Avalanche Diodes and Photon Counting Systems written by Marc Dandin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Introduction to the Physics of Nuclear Medicine written by Laura Harkness-Brennan and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complexity and vulnerability of the human body has driven the development of a diverse range of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in modern medicine. The Nuclear Medicine procedures of Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Radionuclide Therapy are well-established in clinical practice and are founded upon the principles of radiation physics. This book will offer an insight into the physics of nuclear medicine by explaining the principles of radioactivity, how radionuclides are produced and administered as radiopharmaceuticals to the body and how radiation can be detected and used to produce images for diagnosis. The treatment of diseases such as thyroid cancer, hyperthyroidism and lymphoma by radionuclide therapy will also be explored.
Download or read book Investigation of Thickness Dependent Scintillator Photosensor Interface Reflection Coefficients for Improved Light Yield Calculations in Inorganic Scintillators written by Faruk Logoglu and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiation scintillation detectors are used in numerous fields including low and high energy physics (HEP) experiments, medical imaging (MI), space exploration, well-logging, and homeland security. Since they can be manufactured with vastly different properties for virtually any type of radiation detection application, they are ubiquitous in scientific research and industry. For a given application, scintillation detectors are chosen based on their properties such as their efficiency, energy resolution (ER), and time resolution. Light yield (LY) is one of the most important properties of scintillators in characterizing their performance under irradiation. It has a direct correlation with the energy and time resolutions of scintillators since a larger number of light photons produced in scintillators translates to a larger number of light photons detected by photosensors, which improves both energy and time resolutions. Excellent energy and time resolutions of scintillators are critical in various applications such as radioisotope identification and positron emission tomography - time of flight (PET-TOF). LY is also an important parameter in simulation studies where the goal is to either characterize already existing detectors and compare simulation results to experimental observations or investigate novel configurations involving scintillators. In the latter case, LY plays a critical role in the optimization of new detection systems. Although the importance of LY is well known in the field of radiation detection, its accurate measurement is not straightforward. Any measurement of LY is bound to have large uncertainties due to various physical processes involved in its estimation. Accurate measurement of scintillator LYs necessitates accurate knowledge of numerous properties of both the scintillators and the photosensors that are used to convert the scintillation light into electronic signal. These properties include but not limited to the surface conditions and bulk properties of scintillators, the photodetection efficiency of photosensors, the single-photoelectron response (SPER) of photosensors and the light reflection properties between scintillators and photosensors. Consequently, there are large differences in reported LY values even for widely used scintillators such as thallium-activated sodium-iodide (NaI(Tl)) and cerium-activated lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO:Ce3+), as any major change in the aforementioned quantities has an impact on the estimated LY. One of the approaches to determine the scintillator LYs is to measure their light outputs (LO) as a function of scintillator thickness and fit an analytical model function to the data set to extrapolate the LO for a point scintillator. Since this method does not require relatively sophisticated equipment such as integrating spheres, electron monochromators or electron collimators, it can be carried out in most radiation detection laboratories. However, the model functions need to be as realistic as possible, and they need to contain all the relevant physics to make LY estimations accurate. In this thesis, two new analytical light transport model (LTM) functions for cuboid scintillators are derived, and it is demonstrated that they make LY estimations more accurate. These two analytical LTM functions are called the extended 2D-model and the 3D-model. The 3D-model is shown to estimate the LO of scintillators as accurately as Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, which makes full-scale MC simulations in cuboid scintillators needless in certain applications. One of the most important quantities that affect LY estimations is the scintillator-photosensor interface reflection coefficient (SPIRC). SPIRC is the observed reflection coefficient of the scintillator-photosensor boundary averaged over photon angles and energies and is typically considered a constant. Since scintillation emission contains photons of various wavelengths, and scintillators have wavelength dependent surface and bulk properties, it is not straightforward to reliably estimate SPIRCs. Moreover, SPIRC is dependent on the optical coupling methods employed in radiation measurements, which are typically dry (air) coupling and grease coupling. In this thesis, two new experimental methods (the single-PMT setup and the dual-PMT setup) are suggested and tested to estimate the SPIRCs in different optical coupling configurations. Furthermore, a new hypothesis is put forward regarding the SPIRC dependency on scintillator thickness. It is hypothesized through MC simulations that SPIRC decreases with increasing scintillator thickness as a result of change in the scintillation photons' angular distribution on the scintillator-photosensor interface (SPI). This hypothesis is tested with three different inorganic scintillation crystals by employing the two new experimental methods, and the SPIRC dependency on scintillator thickness is experimentally observed by evaluating the extended 2D-model and the 3D-model for LYSO:Ce3+ and cerium-activated gadolinium-aluminum-gallium garnet (GAGG:Ce3+) inorganic scintillators. The SPIRC dependency on scintillator thickness is observed by the 3D-model with more than 2[sigma] confidence for both LYSO:Ce3+ and GAGG:Ce3+ scintillators in the single-PMT setup. The SPIRC dependency on scintillator thickness is observed with more than 3[sigma] confidence for GAGG:Ce3+ scintillators in the dual-PMT setup. Consequently, it is suggested that the measurements should consider thickness-dependent SPIRCs (TD-SPIRC) to make accurate LY estimations.
