Download or read book Investigation of the Relationship Between Magnetic Resonance Imaging Parameters and Mechanical Loading of the Intervertebral Disc written by Jie Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low back disorder (LBD) is a major socioeconomic problem, and the intervertebral disc (IVD) is one of the leading sources of LBD. The health and functions of the IVD are determined by the inherent biomechanical properties and their interaction with both the magnitude and time-distribution of mechanical loading. Understanding such properties and interaction is important for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of LBD. However, the effects of mechanical loading on the IVD is difficult to be detected in-vivo by conventional methods. Recent advances in quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques have the potential for early evaluation of the loading induced biomechanical property changes in the IVD. This potential is of particular interest to occupational ergonomists and injury biomechanists, as quantitative MRI parameters may show changes in IVD properties demonstrating detrimental (or beneficial) work or activities that cannot be evaluated using conventional methods. Therefore, the current study conducted an in vitro detailed investigation on the changes in T1[rho], T2 relaxation times and ADC in the nucleus pulposus (NP) of the IVD, which may occur due to various occupationally-relevant mechanical loading scenarios. To fulfil this objective, motion segments were harvested from porcine cervical spines to serve as experimental specimens. Also, an MRI imaging protocol of the T1[subscript rho] relaxation time was first developed, then verified using agarose of different concentration. In addition, a closed-loop computer-controlled load-displacement apparatus was designed and built, such that the mechanical loading can be calibrated and then applied in the MRI scanner with the non-magnetic components placed in the bore. According to the result, T1[subscript rho] and T2 relaxation times are sensitive to 60 minutes sustained compressive loading (corresponding to 1500 N compression on human lumbar IVD), which is common for manual material handling (MMH) tasks in an occupational setting and may potentially cause transient degenerative changes to the IVD. Such result indicates that quantitative MRI technique can be an innovative diagnosis method to detect the early degenerative changes of the IVD. Furthermore, receiving tensile loading (corresponding to 300 N traction on human lumbar IVD, simulated using an inversion table) for 15 minutes can partially reverse the transient biomechanical changes induced by the previously experienced compressive loading. And the mitigation effect of tensile loading is superior to decompression (corresponding to 500 N compression on human lumbar IVD, simulating erect standing). This result confirms the potential of tensile loading (using an inversion table) to be an occupational intervention in the work break. After comparing the relative performance of T1[subscript rho], T2 relaxation times and ADC, it is suggested that T1[subscript rho] relaxation time is the most desired MRI parameter in detecting the effects of mechanical loading on the IVD.
Download or read book The Intervertebral Disc written by Irving M. Shapiro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-02 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intervertebral disc is a complex structure that separates opposing vertebrae, permits a wide range of motion, and accommodates high biomechanical forces. Disc degeneration leads to a loss of function and is often associated with excruciating pain. Written by leading scientists and clinicians, the first part of the book provides a review of the basic biology of the disc in health and disease. The second part considers strategies to mitigate the effects of disc degeneration and discusses the possibility of engineering replacement tissues. The final section is devoted to approaches to model normal development and elucidate the pathogenesis of degenerative disc disease using animal, organ and cell culture techniques. The book bridges the gap between the basic and clinical sciences; the target audience includes basic scientists, orthopaedists and neurologists, while at the same time appealing to the needs of graduate students, medical students, interns and fellows.
Download or read book Characterization of the Human Intervertebral Disc with Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Elaine Jannine Chiu and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Use of Anionic Contrast Agent Magnetic Resonance Imaging ACMRI as a New Technique for Assessing Intervertebral Disc Degeneration written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) depletion is a consistent sign of intervertebral disc degeneration, a cause of lower back pain. Anionic contrast agent MRI (ACMRI) has been able to quantify GAG loss in articular cartilage but it has not yet been tested in the intervertebral disc in a controlled setting. We assessed the feasibility of ACMRI to measure GAG depletion in porcine lumbar intervertebral discs. Three studies were undertaken. In study 1, we performed in-vitro dynamic diffusion MR imaging to assess the best method to ensure contrast agent uptake occurred in the disc. Signal intensity of discs bathed in contrast agent was measured at various points over a 10 hour scan. We determined that isolating the disc from the spine and manually exposing the cartilaginous endplates enhanced diffusion into the central nucleus. This result was used in our subsequent studies. Our second study assessed the ability of ACMRI to indirectly assess GAG concentration in the disc. In-vitro contrast agent uptake in healthy and GAG-degenerated discs was measured by calculating T1 times of disc tissue before and after contrast agent exposure. Using Analysis of Variance, we tested the null hypothesis that the magnitude of T1 after contrast uptake and the change in T1 from before to after contrast uptake (z.T1) was the same in healthy and GAG-depleted discs. The nucleus of degenerated specimens had significantly lower post-contrast T1 times and significantly larger AT1 than healthy discs. There were no significant differences found in the annulus of healthy and degenerated discs. In our final study, we designed a research protocol to correlate axial mechanical properties and ACMRI indices of healthy and GAG-degenerated discs. Loading repeatability tests revealed a one degree of rotational freedom rig, combined with facet joint removal will give reproducible results on repeated tests. Six specimens were tested, and compressive stiffness dropped more in GAG-degenerated discs. ACMRI may be useful in.
Download or read book The Lumbar Intervertebral Disc written by Frank M. Phillips and published by Thieme. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by leading authorities in the field of spine care, this book is a comprehensive reference for the latest techniques for managing intervertebral disc disorders affecting the lumbar spine. Divided into four main sections, the book opens with a review of fundamental basic science concepts, including epidemiology, anatomy, pathophysiology, biology, biomechanics, and mechanisms of pain. The second section focuses on the management of disc herniation, with chapters guiding clinicians from the pathophysiology of the herniated disc to clinical presentation to various treatment strategies. The final sections of the book present in-depth coverage of degenerative disc disease and provide essential information for imaging and testing, diagnosis, patient screening, treatment, and rehabilitation. Highlights: Detailed coverage of the latest innovations in the field, including nonsurgical treatments, minimally invasive procedures, biologic techniques, and motion-preserving procedures, enables clinicians to select the appropriate treatment for each clinical situation More than 200 high-quality illustrations and images demonstrate key concepts Valuable discussion of safety considerations and how to avoid and manage potential complications Ideal for practitioners and trainees with a focus on spinal disorders, this book will be an invaluable resource for orthopaedists, neurosurgeons, pain specialists, physiatrists, neuroradiologists, and researchers in these specialties.
Download or read book The Relationship Between Magnetic Resonance Images of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc and Physical Examination in the Elite Athlete written by Francine St George and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Intervertebral Disk Diseases written by Jürgen Krämer and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structural and Tissue level Adaptations of Lumbar Intervertebral Discs in Humans with Inducible Low Back Pain Symptoms written by Christian I. K. Weber and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low back pain (LBP) is a devastating musculoskeletal ailment that impacts majority of the global population. Up to 95% of cases are considered nonspecific where the origin is unclear. Although there is a diagnosis with these cases, there lacks specificity that would help individuals with treatment and pain management. Imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are primarily utilized in the diagnosis of LBP as it illuminates internal structures of the spine. One important structure clearly identified with MRI is the intervertebral disc (IVD) that is susceptible to injury and disease. Further, diagnostic imaging is performed lying down where the spine and IVD are under reduced mechanical loads. It may be more informative to image individuals standing up as the loads are up to five times greater than lying down The importance of standing is expounded with many people experiencing pain while in this posture. Additionally, there are relevant populations that exhibit inducible LBP symptoms during prolonged standing. Accordingly in this population these participants are termed pain developers (PDs) and non-pain developers (NPDs). Previous studies have offered insight into global anatomical and physiological mechanisms of the PDs and NPDs, however, there are few studies that examine internal joint mechanics of the spine especially within the IVD.Therefore this dissertation attempts to identify structural and tissue-level adaptations that occur in standing that may inform on LBP diagnostic criteria. Additionally, pinpoint factors that may demonstrate the magnitude of the pain development. These questions were investigated through three separate aims. The first aim explores the importance of standing and sets out to prove that a positional MRI is valid in detecting geometric IVD changes. This was completed by imaging individuals in a positional MRI in supine and standing, and obtaining measurements related to the spinal structure such as the Cobb angle, segmental Cobb angle, anterior-to-posterior (A/P) height ratio, and IVD width. The second aim combines the technique developed in aim one with a population with inducible LBP symptoms. Participants were imaged in a positional MRI for 105 minutes while obtaining self-reported pain scores every 15 minutes. Statistical analyses were utilized to investigate if separation of and NPDs was possible and then if the measurements were associated to the PDs pain rating. The third and final aim combines the imaging data with finite element models and artificial neural network techniques for further exploration of the rich dataset. The finite element model was run on a single lumbar IVD for all participants to evaluate differences in intradiscal strains between PDs and NPDs. The neural network explored the data obtained from structural measurements, pain parameters, and important strains to examine relationships that may have been missed with individual approaches.This work will aid in understanding factors associated with LBP development in standing through the combination of imaging, mechanical and statistical models, and hopefully provide new insights into clinical diagnosis, treatment and therapeutics.
Download or read book Intervertebral Disk Diseases written by Jürgen Krämer and published by Thieme. This book was released on 2008-09-10 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive guide to intervertebral disk diseases The new edition of this book provides the current information on the diagnostic techniques and therapeutic approaches that will help clinicians optimize care for patients with intervertebral disk disease. The book covers the full range of problems frequently encountered in the clinical setting, including traumatic injuries, non-degenerative disk-diseases, and the numerous clinical syndromes of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine. For each syndrome, the book provides the definition and prevalence, anatomy, biomechanics, pathological anatomy and pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and the conservative and surgical treatment options. Features of the third edition: New information on the biomechanics of the spine, pain management recent advances in spinal injection techniques, and microsurgical treatment of lumbar disk herniation More than 560 high-quality illustrations and images, including MRIs, demonstrating key concepts In-depth coverage of essential background information for management, rehabilitation, and preventive treatment Comprehensive online references to aid further research With its accessible presentation and comprehensive scope, this book is a valuable reference for all practicing physicians, specialists in spine surgery, orthopaedists, neurosurgeons, and residents in these specialties.
Download or read book Computational Modeling for the Assessment of the Biomechanical Properties of the Healthy Diseased and Treated Spine written by Enrico Dall’Ara and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-09-22 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Lumbar Spine written by Norbert Boos (Chirurg.) and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Back Function Testing and Paraspinal Muscle Magnetic Resonance Image Parameters Their Associations and Determinants written by Laura Gibbons and published by University of Jyvaskyla. This book was released on 1998 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tiivistelmä.
Download or read book Recent Advances in Scoliosis written by Theodoros Grivas and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-05-09 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains information on recent advances in aetiology and pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis, for the assessment of this condition before treatment and during the follow-up, making a note of emerging technology and analytical techniques like virtual anatomy by 3-D MRI/CT, quantitative MRI and Moire Topography. Some new trends in conservative treatment and the long term outcome and complications of surgical treatment are described. Issues like health related quality of life, psychological aspects of scoliosis treatment and the very important "patient's perspective" are also discussed. Finally two chapters tapping the untreated early onset scoliosis and the congenital kyphoscoliosis due to hemivertebra are included. It must be emphasized that knowledgeable authors with their contributions share their experience and enthusiasm with peers interested in scoliosis.
Download or read book Associations of Myosteatosis with Disc Degeneration a 3T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study in Individuals with Impaired Glycaemia written by Thierno Diawo Diallo and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Background Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) may be linked to dysregulations of skeletal muscle glucose metabolism and fatty alterations of muscle composition (Myosteatosis). Our aim was to evaluate the different associations of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based paravertebral myosteatosis with lumbar disc degeneration in individuals with impaired glucose metabolism and normoglycaemic controls. Methods In total, 304 individuals (mean age: 56.3 ± 9.1 years, 53.6% male sex, mean body mass index [BMI]: 27.6 ± 4.7 kg/m2) from a population-based cohort study who underwent 3-Tesla whole-body chemical-shift-encoded (six echo times) and T2-weighted single-shot-fast-spin-echo MRI were included. Lumbar disc degeneration was assessed at motion segments L1 to L5, categorized according to the Pfirrmann score and defined as Pfirrmann grade > 2 and/or disc bulging/herniation on at least one segment. Fat content of the autochthonous back muscles and the quadratus lumborum muscle was quantified as proton density fat fraction (PDFFmuscle). Logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, BMI and regular physical activity were calculated to evaluate the association between PDFFmuscle and outcome IVDD. Results The overall prevalence of IVDD was 79.6%. There was no significant difference in the prevalence or severity distribution of IVDD between participants with or without impaired glucose metabolism (77.7% vs. 80.7%, P = 0.63 and P = 0.71, respectively). PDFFmuscle was significantly and positively associated with an increased risk for the presence of IVDD in participants with impaired glycaemia when adjusted for age, sex and BMI (PDFFautochthonous back muscles: odds ratio [OR] 2.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.09, 4.3], P = 0.03; PDFFquadratus lumborum: OR 2.01, 95% CI [1.04, 3.85], P = 0.04). After further adjustment for regular physical activity, the results attenuated, albeit approaching statistical significance (PDFFautochthonous back muscles: OR 1.97, 95% CI [0.97, 3.99], P = 0.06; PDFFquadratus lumborum: OR 1.86, 95% CI [0.92, 3.76], P = 0.09). No significant associations were shown in healthy controls (PDFFautochthonous back muscles: OR 0.62, 95% CI [0.34, 1.14], P = 0.13; PDFFquadratus lumborum: OR 1.06, 95% CI [0.6, 1.89], P = 0.83). Conclusions Paravertebral myosteatosis is positively associated with intervertebral disc disease in individuals with impaired glucose metabolism, independent of age, sex and BMI. Regular physical activity may confound these associations. Longitudinal studies will help to better understand the pathophysiological role of skeletal muscle in those with concomitant disturbed glucose haemostasis and intervertebral disc disease, as well as possible underlying causal relationships
Download or read book Modeling Molecular Transport and Binding Interactions in Intervertebral Disc written by Francesco Travascio and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation, a theoretical and experimental approach was taken in order to investigate the mechanisms of solute transport and binding interactions in intervertebral disc. New imaging techniques were developed for the experimental determination of diffusive and binding parameters in biological tissues. The techniques are based on the principle of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, and allow the determination of the anisotropic diffusion tensor, and the rates of binding and unbinding of a solute to the extracellular matrix of a biological tissue. When applied to the characterization of transport properties of intervertebral disc, these methods allowed the establishment of a relationship between solute anisotropic and inhomogeneous diffusivity and the unique morphology of human lumbar annulus fibrosus. A mixture theory for charged hydrated soft tissues was presented as a framework for theoretical investigations on solute transport and binding interactions in cartilaginous tissues. Based on this theoretical framework and on experimental observations, a finite element model was developed to predict solute diffusive-convective-reactive transport in cartilaginous tissues. The numerical model was applied to simulate the effect of mechanical loading on solute transport and binding interactions in cartilage explants and intervertebral disc.
Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Lumbar Disc Degeneration at Low Magnetic Fields written by Minna Tertti and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 1244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
