Download or read book Investigation of the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in Additive Manufactured Inconel 718 by Direct Metal Laser Sintering DMLS System written by Bryton L. Farber and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Additive Manufacturing (AM) has evolved since its inception around the 1970s. This type of manufacturing essentially builds a part by fusing material powder with the use of a laser or electron beam. Certain processing parameters, such as the scanning speed of the laser, the overlap rate of melt tracks and the incremental layer height control the final structure of the part and thus their mechanical properties. Prototype and single use parts were at the forefront of use for AM, however, in recent years the technology has developed to take the next step into production parts for use in real-world applications. One common material used for high temperature and corrosive environments is Inconel 718. This material is a nickel-based alloy typically used in different areas of the aerospace and energy industries. The mechanical properties of Inconel 718 produced through AM methods have proven to not match those produced through conventional means. Since these processed are new to the manufacturing world, it is important to understand where the loss in properties come from but also, and perhaps more importantly, how to make improvements. In this study, standard processing methods were implemented and their effects examined from changes of microstructure to mechanical properties. Generally, a textured columnar microstructure (of varying sizes) developed from the building process. A typical solution and aging treatment used for wrought Inconel 718 produced a non-normal precipitate structure which led to high mechanical strengths. By way of Hot Isostatic Pressing, the microstructure under goes a reecrystallization process, altering some of the properties including texture and , with it the elastic modulus for the better, while other properties such as hardness and yield strength were diminished.

Download or read book Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 written by Dunyong Deng and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-01-24 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, has gained significant interest in aerospace, energy, automotive and medical industries due to its capabilities of manufacturing components that are either prohibitively costly or impossible to manufacture by conventional processes. Among the various additive manufacturing processes for metallic components, electron beam melting (EBM) and selective laser melting (SLM) are two of the most widely used powder bed based processes, and have shown great potential for manufacturing high-end critical components, such as turbine blades and customized medical implants. The futures of the EBM and SLM are doubtlessly promising, but to fully realize their potentials there are still many challenges to overcome. Inconel 718 (IN718) is a nickel-base superalloy and has impressive combination of good mechanical properties and low cost. Though IN718 is being mostly used as a turbine disk material now, the initial introduction of IN718 was to overcome the poor weldability of superalloys in 1960s, since sluggish precipitation of strengthening phases ?’/?’’ enables good resistance to strain-age cracking during welding or post weld heat treatment. Given the similarity between AM and welding processes, IN718 has been widely applied to the metallic AM field to facilitate the understandings of process-microstructure-property relationships. The work presented in this licentiate thesis aims to better understand microstructures and mechanical properties EBM and SLM IN718, which have not been systematically investigated. Microstructures of EBM and SLM IN718 have been characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with the process conditions. Monotonic mechanical properties (e.g., Vickers microhardness and tensile properties) have also been measured and rationalized with regards to the microstructure evolutions before and after heat treatments. For EBM IN718, the results show the microstructure is not homogeneous but dependant on the location in the components, and the anisotropic mechanical properties are probably attributed to alignment of porosities rather than texture. Post heat treatment can slightly increase the mechanical strength compared to the as-manufactured condition but does not alter the anisotropy. SLM IN718 shows significantly different microstructure and mechanical properties to EBM IN718. The as-manufactured SLM IN718 has very fine dendritic microstructure and Laves phases in the interdendrites, and is “work-hardened” by the residual strains and dislocations present in the material. Mechanical properties are different between horizontally and vertically built samples, and heat treatment can minimize this difference. Results from this licentiate thesis provide the basis for the further research on the cyclic mechanical properties of EBM and SLM IN718, which would be the focus of following phase of the Ph.D. research.

Download or read book Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 written by Dunyong Deng and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Metal Additive Manufacturing written by Sachin Salunkhe and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-10-10 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Metal Additive Manufacturing explains fundamental information and the latest research on new technologies, including powder bed fusion, direct energy deposition using high energy beams, and hybrid additive and subtractive methods. This book introduces readers to the technology, provides everything needed to understand how the different stages work together, and inspires to think beyond traditional metal processing to capture new ideas in metal. Chapters offer an introduction on metal additive manufacturing, processes, and properties and standards and then present surveys on the most significant international advances in metal additive manufacturing. Throughout, the book presents a focus on the effect of important process parameters on the microstructure, mechanical properties and wear behavior of additively manufactured parts. Covers the entire process chain of metal additive manufacturing, from input data preparation to part certification Describes a wide range of the latest design tools and options, including generative design, topology optimization, and lattice and surface optimization Addresses additive manufacturing, with a comprehensive list of metals including titanium, aluminum, iron-and nickel-based alloys and Inconel 718

Download or read book Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of SLM Produced Inconel 718 and Hastelloy X Alloys written by Guney Mert Bilgin and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inconel 718 (IN718) and Hastelloy-X (HX) samples were manufactured by utilizing the selective laser melting (SLM) method in two different specimen orientations: parallel and perpendicular to the build direction; moreover, IN718 samples were subjected to precipitation hardening treatment. Microstructural investigation, densification behavior, and hardness values were studied along with an examination of uniaxial tensile properties at room temperature and 649Degree C. Microstructural investigations showed that grain orientations strictly depended on heat flow direction where the columnar grains were formed perpendicular to the base plate. A subsequent heat treatment led to the disappearance of melt pool boundaries while laser tracks were still visible for IN718. Hardness properties were not affected considerably by build direction for both IN718 and HX materials in as-built and heat-treated conditions. Yield and ultimate tensile strengths (UTS) were improved ~84% and ~43%, respectively, for IN718 samples after subsequent precipitation hardening heat treatment along with a remarkable decrease of ~43% in elongation at room temperature. A consistent increase in yield and UTS for heat-treated samples was observed when the uniaxial tensile tests were carried out at an elevated temperature. The room temperature and elevated temperature tensile properties were also investigated for HX samples in as-built condition within this study. It was found that HX is a very promising alloy, particularly for high-temperature aerospace applications.

Download or read book A Preliminary Assessment of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 15 5 Ph Stainless Steel Processed Via Direct Metal Laser Sintering written by Dallas Roberts and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Additive manufacturing is a relatively new industrial technique for the manufacturing of desired shapes layer upon layer, which has, in recent years, begun to garner significant interest due to its potential, showing new possibilities in both part design and logistical trains. Because of the new way the materials are manufactured, new modeling techniques and a verification of material characteristics are required to ensure safe and economical design. Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) is a powder bed, laser based additive manufacturing technique that already has industrial machines active and available. DMLS is popular because of its relatively high accuracy, ability to manufacture multiple parts simultaneously, and the low amount of waste produced during manufacture.15-5 PH SS is a martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel, used in aerospace, chemical, and other industries because of its high strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and good forgeability. Even though this steel has been made via DMLS, there has been a lack of detailed examination of the additively manufactured material in comparison with its traditionally manufactured counterpart. In this study, tensile and creep tests performed on additively manufactured 15-5 PH showed an improvement of approximately 30% in elevated temperature tensile strength. This increase in tensile strength came at a reduction in ductility by 50%. Further, the creep life of the additively manufactured material was 30% greater when tested at 593 ℗ʻC and 211 MPa. Examination of potential heat treatments of the additively manufactured alloy was also carried out, with the additively manufactured material exhibiting smaller precipitate sizes and higher Vickers hardness.

Download or read book Experimental Investigation of Laser Scan Strategy on the Microstructure Mechanical Properties and Residual Stress of Inconel 718 Parts Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting written by Kiriti Mamidi and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inconel 718 (IN718) is a nickel-based superalloy which exhibits excellent tensile and impact resistant properties along with good corrosion resistance at high temperatures. However, due to the high toughness and work hardening, the machinability of this superalloy is low. Therefore, the selective laser melting (SLM) process has been adopted as an efficient technique to fabricate IN718 parts as it overcomes the problems associated with conventional manufacturing of superalloys. SLM is a widely used additive manufacturing technique which offers the possibility to induce multi-functionality into a single component,and thus reduce the number of components that are needed.In the SLM process, various process parameters like scan strategy, laser power, scan speed, and energy density are defined for the fabrication to regulate the microstructure and thus control the mechanical properties like tensile strength, yield strength, impact strength, and hardness. Owing to the nature of the SLM process, there are consistent repetitions of thermal cycles, which in turn induce residual stress into the part. These residual stresses can be detrimental to the microstructure and hence mechanical properties of the part. Residual stresses lead to warping of the part during the fabrication process, thereby leading to failure of the component. Although each process parameter has an independent and definitive effect on theoverall mechanical and metallurgical properties, scan strategy is an independent process parameter which directly affects the level of residual stresses, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the SLM part, as the heat zones in part can be shifted from location to another by varying the scan strategy. This variation of the area of the heat zone changes the temperature gradient, which thereby determines the grain size ranging from equiaxed to elongated. Hence, the scan strategy is the only parameter that is varied for this study. The various scan strategies adopted here are checkered, stripes, FO1, and customized scan strategy, where the angle between the consecutive layers has been changed consistently at an angle of 90°. In this study, the residual stress was deduced using methods like hardness, X-ray powder diffraction(XRD), and direct method (CMM) followed by microstructural and compositional analysis on the parts. Mechanical testing like compression tests, hardness test, and roughness test was performed on the SLM fabricated parts. This effort was undertaken to identify the effect of scan strategy on residual stress and to discuss the metallurgical interactions between the mechanical and microstructural properties within the IN718 superalloy.

Download or read book Quality Analysis of Additively Manufactured Metals written by Javad Kadkhodapour and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-11-30 with total page 858 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quality Analysis of Additively Manufactured Metals: Simulation Approaches, Processes, and Microstructure Properties provides readers with a firm understanding of the failure and fatigue processes of additively manufactured metals. With a focus on computational methods, the book analyzes the process-microstructure-property relationship of these metals and how it affects their quality while also providing numerical, analytical, and experimental data for material design and investigation optimization. It outlines basic additive manufacturing processes for metals, strategies for modeling the microstructural features of metals and how these features differ based on the manufacturing process, and more.Improvement of additively manufactured metals through predictive simulation methods and microdamage and micro-failure in quasi-static and cyclic loading scenarios are covered, as are topology optimization methods and residual stress analysis techniques. The book concludes with a section featuring case studies looking at additively manufactured metals in automotive, biomedical and aerospace settings. Provides insights and outlines techniques for analyzing why additively manufactured metals fail and strategies for avoiding those failures Defines key terms and concepts related to the failure analysis, quality assurance and optimization processes of additively manufactured metals Includes simulation results, experimental data and case studies

Download or read book Investigation on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Porous Structures Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion written by Samarth Ramachandra and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inconel 718 (i.e., IN718) is a prominent nickel-based, precipitation-hardening superalloy which exhibits exceptionally stable mechanical and corrosion resistant properties, even at temperature range of 650oC to 700oC, making it suitable for a wide range of applications such as aerospace, nuclear reactors, tooling, turbines, oil and gas applications. The high toughness and work hardening offered by this superalloy, however, greatly limits the choice of machinability. The presence of low levels of aluminum permits good weldability which further allows the use of laser-based additive manufacturing (AM) to efficiently fabricate IN718 parts without the limitations associated with conventional manufacturing methods. Thanks to AM techniques, it is possible to even fabricate parts with complex geometries, such as porous structures, thin walls, and curved surfaces. Implementation of engineered porosity in an IN718 part successively promotes further advantages such as reduced weight and material use, making them great candidates for lightweight applications such as aerospace, space, automobile, biomedicine, and defense industries.The porous structures commonly used in AM have been greatly inspired by the biological patterns and other naturally occurring structures such as honeycomb, molecular lattice cubic structures (e.g., FCC,FCC-Z, BCC, BCC-Z) and triply periodic minimal surface structures (e.g., Schwarz, gyroid and diamond).Different porous structures tend to have varied effects on the mechanical properties of the part based on the material used. While low density parts with enhanced local surface area can be fabricated for most of the materials along with other desired qualities, the key to obtain a part with optimized mechanical attributes is the right combination of the porous type and porosity level corresponding to the material involved. In this study, IN718 structures with different porosity type and level are studies in terms of their microstructure and mechanical properties. To this aim, compression and hardness tests are conducted onall the test samples to obtain the mechanical properties. Also, compositional analysis using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscope (SEM), are carried out on the specimens to study the defects and causes of failure. Through these tests and analyses, the process structure-property relationship for porous IN718 are also identified, which could be used as a basis for optimization of process parameters to achieve better mechanical properties and part quality.

Download or read book Advances in Manufacturing for Aerospace Alloys written by Selim Gürgen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Additive Manufacturing Materials Processes Quantifications and Applications written by Jing Zhang and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2018-05-17 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Additive Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, Quantifications and Applications is designed to explain the engineering aspects and physical principles of available AM technologies and their most relevant applications. It begins with a review of the recent developments in this technology and then progresses to a discussion of the criteria needed to successfully select an AM technology for the embodiment of a particular design, discussing material compatibility, interfaces issues and strength requirements. The book concludes with a review of the applications in various industries, including bio, energy, aerospace and electronics. This book will be a must read for those interested in a practical, comprehensive introduction to additive manufacturing, an area with tremendous potential for producing high-value, complex, individually customized parts. As 3D printing technology advances, both in hardware and software, together with reduced materials cost and complexity of creating 3D printed items, these applications are quickly expanding into the mass market. Includes a discussion of the historical development and physical principles of current AM technologies Exposes readers to the engineering principles for evaluating and quantifying AM technologies Explores the uses of Additive Manufacturing in various industries, most notably aerospace, medical, energy and electronics

Download or read book Laser Based Additive Manufacturing of Metal Parts written by Linkan Bian and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-08-09 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing (LBAM) technologies, hailed by some as the "third industrial revolution," can increase product performance, while reducing time-to-market and manufacturing costs. This book is a comprehensive look at new technologies in LBAM of metal parts, covering topics such as mechanical properties, microstructural features, thermal behavior and solidification, process parameters, optimization and control, uncertainty quantification, and more. The book is aimed at addressing the needs of a diverse cross-section of engineers and professionals.

Download or read book Selective Laser Sintering Additive Manufacturing Technology written by Chunze Yan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-11-20 with total page 969 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selective Laser Sintering Additive Manufacturing Technology is a unique and comprehensive guide to this emerging technology. It covers in detail the equipment, software algorithms and control systems, material preparations and process technology, precision control, simulation analysis, and provides examples of applications of selective laser sintering (SLS). SLS technology is one of the most promising advances in 3D printing due to the high complexity of parts it can form, short manufacturing cycle, low cost, and wide range of materials it is compatible with. Typical examples of SLS technology include SLS manufacturing casting molds, sand molds (core), injection molds with conformal cooling channels, and rapid prototyping of ceramic and plastic functional parts. It is already widely used in aviation, aerospace, medical treatment, machinery, and numerous other industries. Drawing on world-leading research, the authors provide state of the art descriptions of the technologies, tools, and techniques which are helping academics and engineers use SLS ever more effectively and widely. Provides instructions for how to accurately use SLS for forming Analyses the numerical simulation methods for key SLS technologies Addresses the use of SLS for a range of materials, including polymer, ceramic and coated sand powder

Download or read book Investigating and Modeling the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured High Strength Alloys written by Ala'aldin Alafaghani and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-based powder bed fusion (LPBF) is an additive manufacturing method that fabricates parts layer by layer by fusing the raw material powder using laser as the energy source. Originally, LPBF was used for rapid prototyping due to its capability to fabricate prototypes whenever changes are introduced to the concept CAD model without lead-time or the need to modify the fabrication line. Due to the inferior mechanical properties such as strength and stiffness of the fabricated parts compared to conventionally manufactured parts, and the limited options of materials, additive manufacturing was not used to fabricate end user functional parts. However, the recent developments in the last decade such as the introduction of high-power lasers with more compatible wavelengths, and higher quality raw materials, provide the opportunity to produce functional parts with high mechanical properties. Currently, LPBF is capable of producing parts with near full relative density. However, these parts still suffer from high anisotropy, defects, residual stresses, and inferior tensile strength, and fatigue life. This dissertation investigates different approaches to render the manufacturing of load-bearing metallic parts using LPBF more effective and reliable. The work presented focuses on two alloys, 15-5PH stainless steel and Inconel 718, due to their comparability with LPBF and their use in aerospace and automotive industries where additive manufacturing can be used cost-effectively. The microstructure and mechanical properties of LPBF parts are highly sensitive to the processing parameters during fabrication and post-processing. Metallic parts are sensitive to the laser power, laser scanning speed, hatch spacing, powder layer thickness, and the orientation of the part during fabrication. Several studies investigated the effect of the processing parameters on the relative density and mechanical properties of LPBF parts. It was found that the set of processing parameters required to obtain high relative density is usually different than the set of processing parameters required to optimize the mechanical properties. To achieve the full potential of LPBF parts this work aims at optimizing the microstructure and mechanical properties of parts fabricated with the set of processing parameters that maximizes the relative density of the part. Therefore, the first objective of this dissertation is to characterize the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-fabricated LPBF parts at room and elevated temperatures. The second objective is to develop and investigate different post-processing heat treatments that aim to homogenize the microstructure, improve the reliability of the parts, and identify the treatments that have the potential to improve fatigue strength and life. Finally, the last objective of this dissertation is to develop predictive models that assist in estimating the effect of different heat treatments on the mechanical properties of LPBF produce parts. A hybrid approach of physical and data-based derived models was used to evaluate the influence of post-processing heat treatment on the tensile strength of additively manufactured Inconel 718.

Download or read book Mechanical Properties and Characterization of Additively Manufactured Materials written by Ravi. K. Kumar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-09-13 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book highlights mechanical, thermal, electrical, and magnetic properties, and characterization of additive manufactured products in a single volume. It will serve as an ideal reference text for graduate students and academic researchers in diverse engineering fields including industrial, manufacturing, and materials science. This text Explains mechanical properties like hardness, tensile strength, impact strength, and flexural strength of additive manufactured components Discusses characterization of components fabricated by different additive manufacturing processes including fusion deposition modeling, and selective laser sintering Highlights corrosion behavior of additive manufactured polymers, metals, and composites Covers thermal, electrical, and magnetic properties of additively manufactured materials Illustrates intrinsic features and their Influence on mechanical properties of additive manufactured products This text discusses properties, wear behavior and characterization of components produced by additive manufacturing technology. These products find applications in diverse fields including design, manufacturing and tooling, aerospace, automotive industry, and biomedical industry. It will further help the readers in understanding the parameters that influence the mechanical behavior and characterization of components manufactured by additive manufacturing processes. It will serve as an ideal reference text for graduate students and academic researchers in the fields of industrial engineering, manufacturing engineering, automotive engineering, aerospace engineering, and materials science.

Download or read book Additive Manufacturing Applications for Metals and Composites written by Balasubramanian, K.R. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-06-19 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Additive manufacturing (AM) of metals and composites using laser energy, direct energy deposition, electron beam methods, and wire arc melting have recently gained importance due to their advantages in fabricating the complex structure. Today, it has become possible to reliably manufacture dense parts with certain AM processes for many materials, including steels, aluminum and titanium alloys, superalloys, metal-based composites, and ceramic matrix composites. In the near future, the AM material variety will most likely grow further, with high-performance materials such as intermetallic compounds and high entropy alloys already under investigation. Additive Manufacturing Applications for Metals and Composites is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on advancing methods and technological developments within additive manufacturing practices. Special attention is paid to the material design of additive manufacturing of parts, the choice of feedstock materials, the metallurgical behavior and synthesis principle during the manufacturing process, and the resulted microstructures and properties, as well as the relationship between these factors. While highlighting topics such as numerical modeling, intermetallic compounds, and statistical techniques, this publication is ideally designed for students, engineers, researchers, manufacturers, technologists, academicians, practitioners, scholars, and educators.

Download or read book Additive Manufacturing of Metal Alloys 2 written by Patrice Peyre and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-08-29 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: