Download or read book Investigation of spark ignition and autoignition in methane and air using computational fluid dynamics and chemical react ion kinetics Dr ing thesis University Library of Trondheim Norway Dr ing thesis University Library of Trondheim Norway written by Rune Nordrik and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigation of Spark Ignition and Autoignition in Methane and Air Using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Chemical Reaction Kinetics written by Rune Nordrik and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemical Kinetic Modelling of Autoignition Under Conditions Relevant to Knock in Spark Ignition Engines written by Hakan Serhad Soyhan and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The phenomenon called the ''engine knock'' is an abnonnal combustion mode inspark ignition (SI) engines. it might lead to very high peak pressure in the cylinderand serious damages in engines. Knock limits the compression ratio of the ~ngine. The higher compression ratiomeans the higher fuel conversion efficiency of the engine. it also means highercylinder pressure and thereby higher gas temperature which can cause knock becauseof shorter ignition delay time. Increasing compression ratio is the simplest strategyfor increasing the efficiency of combustion, so a more detailed understanding of theprocesses goveming knock is important.it is generally accepted that knock is initiated by autoignition in the unbumed gasmixture as a result of compression due to the f1ame front propagation and the piston movement. Auto ignition can be defined as spontaneous ignition of some part of thecharge in the cylinder. The autoignition is may cause an extremely rapid chemicalenergy release. it causes a high local pressure and propagation of pressure waveswith high amplitude across the combustion chamber. The rapid rise in pressure andthe vibration of the resultant pressure wave across the combustion chamber cause erosion of the piston, piston rings and head gaskets. Known measures to avoid theoccurrence of engine knock cause either environmental problems, for example theusage of MTBE or reduce the engine thennal efficiency , for example lowcompression ratio, high swirl or early ignition timing. Because of this, the occurrenceof knock was subject of continuous public and industrial research.A detailed investigation of the combustion processes in intemal combustion engines is necessary for the improvement of engine technology .Chemical kinetic model ofthe combustion process implemented into the computational f1uid dynamic sapplications for the prediction of gas f1ow in the combustion chamber provides anefficient tool in tenns of time and cost for the investigation and improvement of the combustion process.The software tools for the modeling of combustion processes in combustion devicesrequire the reduction of the kinetic model to a limited number of species. Since the engine geometry is very complex, the performnnance of commercial software productsfor combustion device optimization decreases considerably if the number of species exceeds about 10. Consequently, a variety of methods in chemical kinetic modelingare needed to construct a reaction mechanism for a complex fuel such as PRF and toreduce it to a low number of capable species without a loss of information that mightbe important for the accuracy of the calculations. One method having the following steps is The generation of a ''detailed reaction mechanism'',The construction of the ''skeletal mechanism'',The final reduction of the reaction mechanism using Quasi Steady State Approximations (QSSA).This study concentrates on the construction of the problem oriented reduced mechanism. A method for automatic reduction of detailed kinetic to reduced mechanisms for complex fuels is proposed. The method is based on the simultaneoususe of sensitivity, reaction-f1ow and lifetime analyses. The sensitivity analysis detects species that the overall combustion process is sensitive on. Small in accuracies, in calculating these species, result in large errors in the characteristic behavior of the chernical scheme. Species, not relevant for the occurrence of autoignition in the end-gas, are defined as redundant. The automatic detection of there dundant species is done by means of an analysis of the reaction f1ows from and towards the most sensitive species, the fuel, the oxidizer and the final products. Theyare identified and eliminated for different pre-set levels of minimum reaction flow and sensitivity to generate a skeletal mechanism. The resulting skeletal mechanism is investigated with lifetime analysis to get the final reduced mechanism. A measure ofspecies lifetimes is taken from the diagonal elements of the Jacobian matrix of the chernical source terms. The species with the lifetime shorter than and mass-fractionIess than specified limits are assumed to be in steady state and selected for removalfrom the skeletal mechanism. The reduced mechanism is valid for the parameter range of initial and boundary values that the analysis has been performed for.The proposed reduction method is exemplified on a detailed reaction mechanism foriso-octane/n-heptane rnixtures. The gas-phase chernistry is analyzed in the end gas of an SI engine, using a two-zone model with conditions chosen relevant for engine knock. Comparing results obtained from the skeletal and the reduced mechanism swith results from the detailed mechanism shows the accuracy of the resulting mechanisms. it is shown that the error in the mechanisms increase with increasingpre-set Ievels of reduction. This is visualized by the help of the predicted crank angle degree at which auto ignition in the end gas of the engine occurs.The reduced mechanism is used for investigation of the modeling of the auto ignitionin the SI engines. The effects of engine operator parameters such as compression ratio, spark advance, fuel equivalence ratio and engine speed on autoignition onsettime have been studied.This work shows that it is possible to achieve a simplified reaction mechanism withgood agreement to the original mechanism by the reduction method. Fundamental knowledge about the detailed mechanism is not necessary to apply the method. Theprocedure used for reduction is fully automatic and provides a fast technique togenerate the problem oriented reduced mechanisms.
Download or read book Characterization and Properties of Petroleum Fractions written by M. R. Riazi and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 2005 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last three chapters of this book deal with application of methods presented in previous chapters to estimate various thermodynamic, physical, and transport properties of petroleum fractions. In this chapter, various methods for prediction of physical and thermodynamic properties of pure hydrocarbons and their mixtures, petroleum fractions, crude oils, natural gases, and reservoir fluids are presented. As it was discussed in Chapters 5 and 6, properties of gases may be estimated more accurately than properties of liquids. Theoretical methods of Chapters 5 and 6 for estimation of thermophysical properties generally can be applied to both liquids and gases; however, more accurate properties can be predicted through empirical correlations particularly developed for liquids. When these correlations are developed with some theoretical basis, they are more accurate and have wider range of applications. In this chapter some of these semitheoretical correlations are presented. Methods presented in Chapters 5 and 6 can be used to estimate properties such as density, enthalpy, heat capacity, heat of vaporization, and vapor pressure. Characterization methods of Chapters 2-4 are used to determine the input parameters needed for various predictive methods. One important part of this chapter is prediction of vapor pressure that is needed for vapor-liquid equilibrium calculations of Chapter 9.
Download or read book Hydrogen Power Theoretical and Engineering Solutions written by T.O. Saetre and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains selected contributions to the second Hydrogen Power, Theoretical and Engineering Solutions, International Symposium (HYPOTHESIS II), held in Grimstad, Norway, from 18 to 22 August 1997. The scientific programme included 10 oral sessions and a poster session. Widely based national committees, supported by an International Scientific Advisory Board and the International Coordinators, made every effort to design and bring together a programme of great excellence. The more than one hundred papers submitted represent the efforts of research groups from all over the World. The international character of HYPOTHESIS II has been augmented by contributions coming from seven countries outside Europe. The contributions reflect the progress that has been achieved in hydrogen technology aimed primarily at hydrogen as the ultimate energy vector. This research have already yielded mature technologies for mass production in many areas. These and future results will be of increased interest and importance as global and local environmental issues move higher up the political agenda. In order to facilitate new contacts between scientists and strengthen existing ones, the symposium incorporated an extensive social program managed by the Conference Administrator, Ms. Ann Y stad.
Download or read book Across borderlines written by Florence Brewer Boeckel and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Flammability Testing of Materials Used in Construction Transport and Mining written by Vivek Apte and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2006-01-31 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineers need to be able to test the flammability of the materials they use in buildings and other structures. However, the range of test procedures and regulations in this important area is often confusing. Flammability testing of materials used in construction, transport and mining provides an authoritative guide to current best practice in ensuring safe design.The book begins by defining flammability and the main types of test available. Building on this foundation, a group of chapters then reviews tests for key materials used in buildings and their contents. There are chapters on wood, external cladding and sandwich panels as well as the flammability of walls and ceilings. Tests for furniture fabrics, cables and electrical appliances are also reviewed. A final group of chapters discusses other types of test, particularly in the transport sector, including chapters on flammability testing for railway passenger cars, aircraft, road and rail tunnels.With its distinguished international team of contributors, Flammability testing of materials used in construction, transport and mining is a standard reference for civil and transport engineers in particular. - An authoritative guide to best practice in ensuring safe design - Defines flammability and the main types of test available - A vital reference source for civil and transport engineers
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phonetics Theory and Application written by William R. Tiffany and published by McGraw-Hill Humanities, Social Sciences & World Languages. This book was released on 1977 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book W rtsil Encyclopedia of Ship Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Code on Intact Stability 2008 written by International Maritime Organization and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Code on Intact Stability 2008 (2008 IS Code), presents mandatory and recommendatory stability criteria and other measures for ensuring the safe operation of ships, to minimize the risk to such ships, to the personnel on board and to the environment. The 2008 IS Code took effect on 1 July 2010. The 2008 IS Code features:a full update of the previous IS Code; criteria based on the best state-of-the-art concepts available at the time they were developed, taking into account sound design and engineering principles and experience gained from operating ships; influences on intact stability such as the dead ship condition, wind on ships with large windage area, rolling characteristics and severe seas. This publication also presents Explanatory Notes to the 2008 IS Code, intended to provide administrations and the shipping industry with specific guidance to assist in the uniform interpretation and application of the intact stability requirements of the 2008 IS Code.
Download or read book INT NAM 2014 written by A. D. Alkan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Heart life in Song written by Frances Harrison Marr and published by . This book was released on 1883 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book OCEANS 2016 Shanghai written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers on ocean technology, exhibits from ocean equipment and service suppliers, student posters and student poster competition, tutorial on ocean technology, workshops and town hall meetings on policy and governmental process.
Download or read book Stochastic Stability and Control written by Kushner and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1967-01-01 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stochastic Stability and Control
Download or read book Local Electricity Markets written by Tiago Pinto and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-07-03 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Local Electricity Markets introduces the fundamental characteristics, needs, and constraints shaping the design and implementation of local electricity markets. It addresses current proposed local market models and lessons from their limited practical implementation. The work discusses relevant decision and informatics tools considered important in the implementation of local electricity markets. It also includes a review on management and trading platforms, including commercially available tools. Aspects of local electricity market infrastructure are identified and discussed, including physical and software infrastructure. It discusses the current regulatory frameworks available for local electricity market development internationally. The work concludes with a discussion of barriers and opportunities for local electricity markets in the future. - Delineates key components shaping the design and implementation of local electricity market structure - Provides a coherent view on the enabling infrastructures and technologies that underpin local market expansion - Explores the current regulatory environment for local electricity markets drawn from a global panel of contributors - Exposes future paths toward widespread implementation of local electricity markets using an empirical review of barriers and opportunities - Reviews relevant local electricity market case studies, pilots and demonstrators already deployed and under implementation
Download or read book Advanced Modeling with the MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox written by Knut-Andreas Lie and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-11-25 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many leading experts contribute to this follow-up to An Introduction to Reservoir Simulation using MATLAB/GNU Octave: User Guide for the MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox (MRST). It introduces more advanced functionality that has been recently added to the open-source MRST software. It is however a self-contained introduction to a variety of modern numerical methods for simulating multiphase flow in porous media, with applications to geothermal energy, chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR), flow in fractured and unconventional reservoirs, and in the unsaturated zone. The reader will learn how to implement new models and algorithms in a robust, efficient manner. A large number of numerical examples are included, all fully equipped with code and data so that the reader can reproduce the results and use them as a starting point for their own work. Like the original textbook, this book will prove invaluable for researchers, professionals and advanced students using reservoir simulation methods. This title is available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
