Download or read book Investigation of Fluids Flow Behavior in Nano scale Channels by Using Optic Imaging System written by Qihua Wu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Tight gas and shale gas reservoirs are characterized to have small pores with diameters in nanometer (nm) range. The physics of fluid flow in nanopores is poorly understood. Knowing the fluid flow behavior in the nano-range channels is of major importance for stimulation design, gas production optimization and calculations of the relative permeability of gas in tight shale gas systems. In this work, a lab-on-chip approach for direct visualization of the fluid flow behavior in nano-scale channels was developed using an advanced epi-fluorescence microscopy method combined with a nano-fluidic chip. The nanofluidic chips with different dimensions were designed and fabricated. First a concentration dependent fluorescence signal correlation was developed for the determination of single phase flow rate. Experiments of water/gas flow in nano-scale channels with 100nm depth were conducted. Meanwhile, three different flow patterns were observed from two phase flow in nano-scale channels experiments and their special features were described. The displacements of two-phase flow in 100 nm depth slit-like channels were reported in the second part of this work. Specifically, the two-phase gas slippage factor as the function of water saturation was studied. Moreover, water/gas two phase displacements were visualized in nanochanels with various depths. The displacements mechanisms for both drainage and imbibition processes were discussed and water/gas relative permeability in nano-scale channels were summarized. The residue water/gas saturations in nano-scale channels were also characterized. The results of this work are crucial for permeability measurement and understanding fluid flow behavior for unconventional shale gas systems with nanopores."--Abstract, page iv.
Download or read book Nanoscale Liquid Interfaces written by Thierry Ondarcuhu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 769 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the recent developments in the investigation and manipulation of liquids at the nanoscale. This new field has shown important breakthroughs on the basic understanding of physical mechanisms involving liquid interfaces, which led to applications in nanopatterning. It has also consequences in force microscopy imaging in liquid env
Download or read book Micro and Nano Flow Systems for Bioanalysis written by Michael W. Collins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-13 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Micro and Nano Flow Systems for Bioanalysis addresses the latest developments in biomedical engineering at very small scales. It shows how organic systems require multi-scale understanding in the broadest sensewhether the approach is experimental or mathematical, and whether the physiological state is healthy or diseased. Micro-and nano-fluidics represent key areas of translational research in which state-of-the-art engineering processes and devices are applied to bedside monitoring and treatment. By applying conventional micro- and nano-engineering to complex organic solids, fluids, and their interactions, leading researchers from throughout the world describe methods and techniques with great potential for use in medicine and clinical practice. Coverage includes the seeming plethora of new, fine-scale optical methods for measuring blood flow as well as endothelial activation and interaction with tissue. Generic areas of modeling and bioelectronics are also considered. In keeping with the recurring theme of medicine and clinical practice, approximately half of the chapters focus on the specific application of micro- and nano- flow systems to the understanding and treatment of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. This book developed from an Expert Overview Session on "Micro & Nano Flows in Medicine: the way ahead" at the 3rd Micro and Nano Flows Conference (MNF2011) held in Thessaloniki, Greece. Additional chapters were included to enhance the international, state-of-the-art coverage.
Download or read book Water Flow at the Nanoscale written by Konstantinos Ritos and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete understanding of the most common and abundant fluid on Earth, water, has challenged the scientific community since the dawn of science. Nanoscale confinement and flow through nanotubes show counter-intuitive behaviour and produce interesting new phenomena. Experimental studies of water flow at the nanoscale report diverse results because measurement devices still struggle to provide the necessary accuracy. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations can instead provide molecular detail and a plethora of information. The main disadvantage of the method is space and time restraints on the simulated problems. To overcome this, hybrid multiscale methods that combine MD with macroscopic equations have been recently developed. This thesis investigates water flow at the nanoscale, over free surfaces and in nanotube membranes, using MD, multiscale methods and macroscopic hydrodynamic equations. Initially, water nanodroplets on static and moving surfaces of different hydrophilicity are studied here with the developed MD solver. The findings, contrary to macroscopic observations, suggest that the dynamic contact angle of water nanodroplets on graphite is independent of the capillary number. Then, a new method is firstly presented here in order to measure the average molecular orientation of water and highlight any type of anisotropy. For the first time, biaxial ordering of water molecules close to the nanotube walls is observed. It is also found that static electric fields can control the flow rate through them (e.g. a 2 V/nm electric field increases the flow rate by more than 300% for the same pressure difference). The effect of the wall material on water flow is also investigated. The accuracy of a flow enhancement prediction model originally suggested by Mattia et al. [1] is tested, giving satisfactory results for nanotube membranes of small thickness. Finally, results from hybrid multiscale simulations are presented in this thesis, showing perfect agreement with pure MD simulations. The same multiscale method is used for the first time to simulate water flow through a millimeter thick membrane with a pore diameter smaller than 2 nm. All the results presented in this thesis contribute towards the better understanding of water flow at the nanoscale. In parallel this thesis provides a number of computational tools and methods that will help in future studies as well as in the design and simulation of nanoscale fluid devices.
Download or read book Nanoscale Flow written by Sarhan M. Musa and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the physical properties and dynamical behavior of nanochannel flows has been of great interest in recent years and is important for the theoretical study of fluid dynamics and engineering applications in physics, chemistry, medicine, and electronics. The flows inside nanoscale pores are also important due to their highly beneficial drag and heat transfer properties. Nanoscale Flow: Advances, Modeling, and Applications presents the latest research in the multidisciplinary area of nanoscale flow. Featuring contributions from top inventors in industry, academia, and government, this comprehensive book: Highlights the current status of research on nucleate pool boiling heat transfer, flow boiling heat transfer, and critical heat flux (CHF) phenomena of nanofluids Describes two novel fractal models for pool boiling heat transfer of nanofluids, including subcooled pool boiling and nucleate pool boiling Explores thermal conductivity enhancement in nanofluids measured with a hot-wire calorimeter Discusses two-phase laminar mixed convection AL2O3–water nanofluid in an elliptic duct Explains the principles of molecular and omics imaging and spectroscopy techniques for cancer detection Analyzes fluid dynamics modeling of the tumor vasculature and drug transport Studies the properties of nanoscale particles and their impact on diagnosis, therapeutics, and theranostics Provides a brief background and review of medical nanoscale flow applications Contains useful appendices of physical constants, equations, common symbols, mathematical formulas, the periodic table, and more A valuable reference for engineers, scientists, and biologists, Nanoscale Flow: Advances, Modeling, and Applications is also designed for researchers, universities, industrial institutions, and government, giving it broad appeal.
Download or read book Near Field Characterization of Micro Nano Scaled Fluid Flows written by Kenneth D Kihm and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-05 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The near-field region within an order of 100 nm from the solid interface is an exciting and crucial arena where many important multiscale transport phenomena are physically characterized, such as flow mixing and drag, heat and mass transfer, near-wall behavior of nanoparticles, binding of bio-molecules, crystallization, surface deposition processes, just naming a few. This monograph presents a number of label-free experimental techniques developed and tested for near-field fluid flow characterization. Namely, these include Total Internal Reflection Microscopy (TIRM), Optical Serial Sectioning Microscopy (OSSM), Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy (SPRM), Interference Reflection Contrast Microscopy (IRCM), Thermal Near-Field Anemometry, Scanning Thermal Microscopy (STM), and Micro-Cantilever Near-Field Thermometry. Presentation on each of these is laid out for the working principle, how to implement the system, and its example applications, to promote the readers understanding and knowledge of the specific technique that can be applied for their own research interests.
Download or read book Fluid Properties at Nano Meso Scale written by Peter Dyson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-09-15 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today’s scientific and engineering community has a good grasp on how to model fluid flows at macro and molecular scales, with well-developed theory and supporting technologies. Between these two extremes lies the nano/meso scale (i.e. in the range of 50nm-500nm) where fluid flow models continue to be problematic. Continuum models used at macro scales assume a negligible influence from molecular interactions, while molecular models do not predict flow well at nano/meso dimensions. The solution, and the subject of this book, is to use elements from both to capture correctly the proper physics (from the molecular scale) and provide a description in terms of useful fluid properties (as characterized on the continuum scale). Fluid Properties at Nano/Meso Scale is based on the authors’ past five years’ research that has yielded new innovations in fluid simulation strategies at the nano/meso scale. The authors approach this subject in a straightforward and easy to understand format, providing a first step into the subject for researchers at all levels. They present new tools that allow the numerical computation of fluid properties from first principles, enabling the reader to begin to model successfully fluids at nano/meso scale. It is hoped that these first steps will engender the further development and advancement of simulation techniques at this scale, and keep engineering simulation at the cutting edge of technology. Presents internationally leading developments in the field of fluid properties at nano/meso scale Provides the reader with the first steps to fluid modelling at nano/meso-scales as well as state-of-the-art applications Includes innovative and new simulation techniques along with a detailed examination of existing numerical methods
Download or read book Fluid Dynamics in Nanoscale Systems with Amorphous Surfaces and the Interaction of Nanoparticles with Surfactant Layers written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nanoscale Fluid Dynamics in Physiological Processes written by Michele Ciofalo and published by Computational Mechanics. This book was released on 1999 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended as a review, rather than a detailed description of the theories involved, this title provides a general introduction together with appropriate references. Topics covered include: Nanotechnology; The Ultrastructural and Functional Basis of Nanoscale Transport Phenomena in Physiology; Transport of Macromolecules Across the Arterial Wall and its Relevance to Atherogenesis, and Other Issues in Blood-Wall Interaction; Transport Phenomena in the Cell; and Computational Methods for Nanoscale Fluid Flow Problems. Over 2,000 references are included.
Download or read book Advances in Animal Experimentation and Modeling written by Ranbir Chander Sobti and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-12-08 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploration in Laboratory Animal Sciences Understanding Life Phenomena updates our knowledge about the newer technologies such as molecular biology, genomics including sequencing, proteomics, transcriptomics, cell culture, stem cell culture, transgenesis and their translation to understand systematics and phylogeny of laboratory animals at molecular level. In seven sections Exploration in Laboratory Animal Sciences Understanding Life Phenomena resolves issues of conservation, applications in environment monitoring, production of drugs and others. Comparative research has enabled use of domestic animal models that translate the advances in basic biosciences to the schemes for human welfare including medicine. Molecular geneticists are unravelling the complexities of mammalian genes and the field of biotechnology is maturing at a fast pace. Additionally, research focused on immunology and animal behavior offer new insight into ways of enhancing animal welfare. The rise in consumption of animal proteins in addition to the challenges of sustaining our natural resources has given animal scientists a vast array of opportunities to engage in integrative systems-based research for meeting the challenges that behold us. Exploration in Laboratory Animal Sciences Understanding Life Phenomena also discusses the manipulation of animals as factories for the production of safe foods, drugs, and sensors and others to meet the contemporary challenges faced by mankind in the new world order created by pandemic of Covid 19. It also includes several chapters on the causation and management of certain diseases and impact of microbes on life. - Provides insight to newer and futuristic technologies to understand disease process and drug design by animal models - Addresses a wide variety of species and covers a wide variety of topics (such as animal species, the laboratory setting, regulatory guidelines, and ethical considerations) to fully prepare for work with all types of animals - Gives a perspective on laboratory animal use that allows to explain the benefits of animal use as required by veterinary technology program accreditation procedure - Includes examples of animal bio-technological techniques (including stem cell and tissue engineering) for their applications to humanity - Offers new insight into ways of enhancing animal welfare by the inclusion of research results focused on immunology and laboratory animal behavior
Download or read book Microscale and Nanoscale Heat Transfer written by Mourad Rebay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-01-06 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microscale and Nanoscale Heat Transfer: Analysis, Design, and Applications features contributions from prominent researchers in the field of micro- and nanoscale heat transfer and associated technologies and offers a complete understanding of thermal transport in nano-materials and devices. Nanofluids can be used as working fluids in thermal system
Download or read book Optical Studies of Micron Scale Flows written by Guido Bolognesi and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-04 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microfluidics is a very recent branch of science and technology. The development and the success, it has had in the last 15 years, is mainly due to the concept of lab-on-a-chip. Those miniaturized devices, integrating one or more laboratory functions, have aroused great interest among several research areas as physics, chemistry, biology and bioengineering. When a fluid is confined in a micro or nano scale structure, its behaviour is strongly affected by its interactions with the surrounding surfaces. In this context, the theme of fluid/solid slippage has been widely studied both theoretically and experimentally. Innovative technologies to enhance the surface slippage by specifically designing the solid interfaces have reportedly demonstrated to be an effective way to reduce the fluid/solid friction. To this end, superhydrophobic surfaces have increasingly attracted the interest of the scientific and technological community thanks to the large wall-slippage they present for liquid water. Though their behaviour has been extensively investigated through several theoretical and numerical methods, the experimental approaches are still indispensable to test and understand the properties of these surfaces. However, the lack of a general predicting model is also due to the fact that no one of the several existing experimental techniques has shown up as a very reliable one. Indeed, the reported measurements of slippage still depends on the specific adopted method, thwarting attempts to corroborate the proposed theoretical and numerical schemes. Therefore, it is evident that a more sensitive and effective experimental technique is still missing. This thesis began and developed inside the wider project of setting up an innovative technique to investigate the fluid-solid slippage on superhydrophobic surfaces by means of optical tweezers. Even though this project is still going on, this work reports the steps performed along the long way towards this main goal and it consists of a collection of several researches involving different scientific fields as optics, microscopy, surface science, microhydrodynamics, microfluidics and microfabrication. The researches presented in this work can be separated in two main categories: i) holographic micromanipulation and microscopy, ii) superhydrophobicity.
Download or read book Fluid Phase Separation Via Nanochannel Array written by John Bishop Lee and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) generate ideas and techniques for creating new devices at the micro/nano scale. This dissertation study designed a gas generator system utilizing nanochannels for phase separation that is useful for micro-pneumatic actuators, micro-valves, and micro-pumps. The new gas generator has the potential to be an integral part of a propulsion system for small-scale satellites. Nano/picosatellites have limited orientation capability partly due to the current limitations of microthruster devices. Development of a self-contained micro propulsion system enables dynamic orbital maneuvering of pico- and nano-class satellites. Additionally, the new gas generator utilizes a high efficiency, green propellant that is less harmful to the environment. This dissertation study tested aqueous antifreeze solutions to verify vapor pressures and establish previously unknown kinematic viscosities. A viscometer, developed expressly for this study, measured kinematic viscosity values between 1E-2 and 1E-4 m2/s for water solutions mixed with propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, methanol, and glycerol. CubeSats, 10-centimeter cube satellites, are volume limited, and high strain expansion of water during crystallization could destroy the structure. Validation of the freezing point depression and measurement of previously unknown percent expansion with increasing concentration are valuable for setting safe design specifications. A 7.5 %w/w propylene glycol-water solution reduces the overall expansion by 2% while 20 %w/w PG reduces the expansion 4%. Potassium hydroxide etched silicon micro/nanochannels regulated vaporization of aqueous propylene glycol to a vacuum environment. Sequential still images captured with a Basler Scout camera were used to measure mass flow rates, representative of Washburn capillary flow. Magnitude of single channel flow rates ranged from 1E-10 mol/s to 1E-8 mol/s for 600nm channels up to 12om channels, respectively. Although the flow rate increased using nanochannel arrays, it was 35% slower than expected based on single nanochannel measurements. A system utilizing nanochannel arrays for fluid phase separation, with propylene glycol as the propellant, is feasible in a low-cost, green, non-toxic, and non-pressurized CubeSat propulsion system. Depressing the freezing point of water by adding antifreeze creates a wider liquid working range, decreases power requirements, but also maintains appreciable flow rates for thrust generation (micro-millinewton). Successful nanofluidic research on an aqueous antifreeze solution is foundational for future propulsion system research and pushes CubeSats in the right direction.
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Experimental Solid Mechanics written by William N. Sharpe, Jr. and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-04 with total page 1100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Springer Handbook of Experimental Solid Mechanics documents both the traditional techniques as well as the new methods for experimental studies of materials, components, and structures. The emergence of new materials and new disciplines, together with the escalating use of on- and off-line computers for rapid data processing and the combined use of experimental and numerical techniques have greatly expanded the capabilities of experimental mechanics. New exciting topics are included on biological materials, MEMS and NEMS, nanoindentation, digital photomechanics, photoacoustic characterization, and atomic force microscopy in experimental solid mechanics. Presenting complete instructions to various areas of experimental solid mechanics, guidance to detailed expositions in important references, and a description of state-of-the-art applications in important technical areas, this thoroughly revised and updated edition is an excellent reference to a widespread academic, industrial, and professional engineering audience.
Download or read book Thin Liquid Films with Nanoparticles and Rod like Ions as Models for Nanofluidics written by Silke Stöckle and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the rise of nanotechnology in the last decade, nanofluidics has been established as a research field and gained increased interest in science and industry. Natural aqueous nanofluidic systems are very complex, there is often a predominance of liquid interfaces or the fluid contains charged or differently shaped colloids. The effects, promoted by these additives, are far from being completely understood and interesting questions arise with regards to the confinement of such complex fluidic systems. A systematic study of nanofluidic processes requires designing suitable experimental model nano - channels with required characteristics. The present work employed thin liquid films (TLFs) as experimental models. They have proven to be useful experimental tools because of their simple geometry, reproducible preparation, and controllable liquid interfaces. The thickness of the channels can be adjusted easily by the concentration of electrolyte in the film forming solution. This way, channel dimensions from 5 - 100 nm are possible, a high flexibility for an experimental system. TLFs have liquid IFs of different charge and properties and they offer the possibility to confine differently shaped ions and molecules to very small spaces, or to subject them to controlled forces. This makes the foam films a unique "device" available to obtain information about fluidic systems in nanometer dimensions. The main goal of this thesis was to study nanofluidic processes using TLFs as models, or tools, and to subtract information about natural systems plus deepen the understanding on physical chemical conditions. The presented work showed that foam films can be used as experimental models to understand the behavior of liquids in nano - sized confinement. In the first part of the thesis, we studied the process of thinning of thin liquid films stabilized with the non - ionic surfactant n - dodecyl - ß - maltoside (ß - C12G2) with primary interest in interfacial diffusion processes during the thinning process dependent on surfactant concentration 64. The surfactant concentration in the film forming solutions was varied at constant electrolyte (NaCl) concentration. The velocity of thinning was analyzed combining previously developed theoretical approaches. Qualitative information about the mobility of the surfactant molecules at the film surfaces was obtained. We found that above a certain limiting surfactant concentration the film surfaces were completely immobile and they behaved as non - deformable, which decelerated the thinning process. This follows the predictions for Reynolds flow of liquid between two non - deformable disks. In the second part of the thesis, we designed a TLF nanofluidic system containing rod - like multivalent ions and compared this system to films containing monovalent ions. We presented first results which recognized for the first time the existence of an additional attractive force in the foam films based on the electrostatic interaction between rod - like ions and oppositely charged surfaces. We may speculate that this is an ion bridging component of the disjoining pressure. The results show that for films prepared in presence of spermidine the transformation of the thicker CF to the thinnest NBF is more probable as films prepared with NaCl at similar conditions of electrostatic interaction. This effect is not a result of specific adsorption of any of the ions at the fluid surfaces and it does not lead to any changes in the equilibrium properties of the CF and NBF. Our hypothesis was proven using the trivalent ion Y3+ which does not show ion bridging. The experimental results are compared to theoretical predictions and a quantitative agreement on the system's energy gain for the change from CF to NBF could be obtained. In the third part of the work, the behavior of nanoparticles in confinement was investigated with respect to their impact on the fluid flow velocity. The particles altered the flow velocity by an unexpected high amount, so that the resulting changes in the dynamic viscosity could not be explained by a realistic change of the fluid viscosity. Only aggregation, flocculation and plug formation can explain the experimental results. The particle systems in the presented thesis had a great impact on the film interfaces due to the stabilizer molecules present in the bulk solution. Finally, the location of the particles with respect to their lateral and vertical arrangement in the film was studied with advanced reflectivity and scattering methods. Neutron Reflectometry studies were performed to investigate the location of nanoparticles in the TLF perpendicular to the IF. For the first time, we study TLFs using grazing incidence small angle X - ray scattering (GISAXS), which is a technique sensitive to the lateral arrangement of particles in confined volumes. This work provides preliminary data on a lateral ordering of particles in the film.
Download or read book Micro and Nano Systems for Biophysical Studies of Cells and Small Organisms written by Xinyu Liu and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-08-14 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Micro and Nano Systems for Biophysical Studies of Cells and Small Organisms provides a comprehensive introduction to the state-of-the-art micro and nano systems that have recently been developed and applied to biophysical studies of cells and small organisms. These micro and nano systems span from microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and microfluidic devices to robotic micro-nanomanipulation systems. These biophysical studies range from cell mechanics to the neural science of worms and Drosophila. This book will help readers understand the fundamentals surrounding the development of these tools and teach them the most recent advances in cellular and organismal biophysics enabled by these technologies. - Comprehensive coverage of micro and nano-system technology and application to biophysical studies of cells and small organisms. - Highlights the most recent advances in cellular and organismal biophysics enabled by micro and nano systems. - Insightful outlook on future directions and trends in each chapter covering a sub-area of the book topic.
Download or read book Nanotechnology written by M. H. Fulekar and published by I. K. International Pvt Ltd. This book was released on 2010 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highlights the latest developments and advances in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology and their applications in the design and development of material science and devices, energy, drug delivery, cosmetics, biology, biotechnology, tissue engineering, bioinformatics, information technology, agriculture and food, environmental protection, health risk, ethics, and regulations.
