Download or read book Investigation of Chip Seal Aggregate Retention Using Sweep and Long Term Performance Testing written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chip seals are a commonly used surface treatment used to decrease the deterioration rate of pavement surfaces. Chip seals typically consist of an application of emulsion and cover aggregate. Failure can be driven by improper strength development and inadequate bonding over time. Additionally, chip seal service life varies and long term performance prediction models are not well established. This study has two primary goals. The first goal is to investigate aggregate retention characteristics of chip seal specimens, while investigating material compatibility by means of the Sweep-M test. The second goal is to begin developing a long term performance (LTP) test to represent cores obtained from full-scale chip seal projects. Conditioning and testing protocols for LTP specimens are evaluated for representative chip seal behavior over long periods. Results confirm material interaction and favor the incorporation of sweep testing for optimum performance. Future testing is recommended for in-depth, LTP test protocol evaluation.

Download or read book Performance Evaluation of Chip Seals for Higher Volume Roads Using Polymer Modified Emulsions written by Jeong Hyuk Im and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presented a study to evaluate the performance of chip seals for higher traffic volume roads. The evaporation test, bitumen bond strength (BBS) test, and Vialit test were used to investigate curing and adhesive behavior. For the laboratory performance, the third-scale model mobile load simulator (MMLS3) was employed to test for aggregate retention, bleeding, and rutting performance. In field, a total of ten test sections were constructed on three different traffic volume roads using different materials and seal types. Some of the field samples were extracted and moved to the laboratory for performance testing. Also, the field sections were monitored to compare the field performance with the laboratory performance. The main findings presented in this paper were as follows: (1) the laboratory test results indicated that the use of polymer modified emulsions (PMEs) improved the chip seal performance in all areas, i.e., curing and adhesive behavior, aggregate retention, bleeding, and rutting; and (2) the field observations indicated that PME-A (styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) polymer-modified emulsion) performs the best of all the emulsions, regardless of seal type and traffic volume.

Download or read book Field and Laboratory Evaluation of Environmental Effects on Chip Seal Performance written by Nazimuddin M. Wasiuddin and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chip seals generally deteriorate as a result of asphalt oxidation, wear and polishing of aggregates, bleeding, and raveling (loss of aggregates). In this study, two major environmental effects on chip seal performance, freeze-thaw, and asphalt aging were investigated based on laboratory tests and field distress survey. For freeze-thaw evaluation, laboratory chip seal samples were prepared for 18 combinations (6 aggregates X 3 asphaltic materials). A simple freeze-thaw protocol was developed and evaluation of freeze-thaw effect on aggregate types reveals that both the precoated and uncoated expanded shale lightweight aggregates perform comparatively very well against freeze-thaw. Evaluation of freeze-thaw effect on asphaltic material types reveals that CRS-2P, an emulsion performs significantly better than hot asphalts, namely PAC-15 and AC20-5TR. For aging evaluation, asphaltic materials were extracted from 15 (5 aggregates X 3 asphaltic materials) field test sections and increase in stiffness due to aging were determined using a dynamic shear rheometer. For each of the five aggregates, CRS-2P shows the lowest G*/sin?, indicating minimum field aging susceptibility among the three asphaltic materials while AC20-5TR shows slightly higher G*/sin? than PAC-15, indicating maximum field aging susceptibility. Overall field distress ratings of the CRS-2P sections (sum of distress ratings of all the CRS-2P sections) are better than those of PAC-15 and AC20-5TR. The overall distress ratings of PAC-15 sections are better than overall distress ratings of AC20-5TR. In case of aggregate types, precoated expanded shale lightweight test sections performed the best, while expanded clay lightweight sections performed very poorly. Both freeze-thaw and asphalt aging tests closely reflect field performances and it can be concluded that the freeze-thaw and aging performances can be used as effective tools for predicting long term chip seal performances.

Download or read book Design and Evaluation of Chip Seals Through Image based Microstructural Parameters and Performance Tests written by Yogesh Shamsunder Kumbargeri and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chip seal is one of the most popularly adopted pavement preservation strategies. A chip seal treatment is constructed by adding hot asphalt or emulsion on the surface of an existing pavement, spraying aggregates on the top, followed by roller compaction. Extensive research has led to the formulation of various chip seal analysis and design methodologies. These methods are mostly empirical in nature and depend on numerous assumptions related to chip seal microstructure and their expected behavior after compaction in field. Hence, there is a need for in-depth analysis of chip seals to develop performance-based design methods addressing the primary distresses as well as the microstructural parameters such as percent embedment and aggregate orientation. The objective of this research study was to evaluate chip seals through image-based microstructural parameters and performance tests. The results of a comprehensive experimental program lead to development of a holistic approach to chip seal design, encompassing various aspects of chip seal performance through aggregate-binder microstructural perspective. New image processing techniques were developed to understand the percent embedment and aggregate orientation behavior. Additionally, finite element analyses were performed using actual chip seal images to evaluate mechanistic characteristics (e.g., magnitudes of strains at the aggregate/binder interface) responsible for chip seal performance. Further, extensive performance tests were run in laboratory to evaluate the effect of design parameters (e.g. percent embedment, aggregate orientation) on chip seal performance distresses (aggregate loss and bleeding). The results were combined and analyzed to yield new insights into effect of microstructural parameters on chip seal performance. Furthermore, a performance-based design procedure was developed for design of chip seals. This procedure integrates the chip seal microstructural behavior and its performance.

Download or read book Quantifying the Benefits of Improved Rolling of Chip Seals written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation presents an improvement in the rolling protocol for chip seals based on an evaluation of aggregate retention performance and aggregate embedment depth. The flip-over test (FOT), Vialit test, modified sand circle test, digital image processing technique, and the third-scale Model Mobile Loading Simulator (MMLS3) are employed to evaluate the effects of the various rolling parameters and to measure chip seal performance. The samples used to evaluate the chip seal rolling protocol were obtained directly from field construction. In order to determine the optimal rolling protocol, the effects of roller type, number of coverages, coverage distribution on the sublayers of a multiple chip seal (i.e., the split seal and triple seal), and rolling pattern are evaluated using the results of aggregate retention performance tests, the modified sand circle method, and the digital image process. It is found that two types of roller, the pneumatic tire roller and the combination roller, are recommended as the optimal rollers for the chip seal. In addition, it is found that the optimal number of coverages for the chip seal, as determined from measurements of the aggregate, is three coverages. Moreover, the performance of the triple seal without coverage at the bottom layer does not affect the aggregate retention performance, although the split seal does require coverage at the bottom layer. Finally, it is found that the rolling pattern is strongly related to a delayed rolling time between the aggregate spreader and the initial rolling time. Therefore, it was recommended that two pneumatic tire rollers applied initial one coverage with optimal delayed rolling time (between 2 min. and 4 min.) to entire lane width, and then the combination roller applied two additional coverages. Further, it is confirmed that the delayed rolling time is related to the aggregate moisture condition and the ambient temperature.

Download or read book Field Implementation of Rubberized Chip Seal written by Ahmed Gheni and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chip seals have been widely used as a pavement maintenance surface treatment due to its competitive cost and construction time. Recently, the research team developed a rubberized chip seal where natural aggregate is replaced with crumb rubber obtained from recycled tires. During this study, a total of 108 laboratory specimens and a field chip seal section with different crumb rubber replacement ratios were investigated. Aggregate macrostructure, retention, and skid resistance were measured. The crumb rubber showed a remarkable performance in aggregate retention measured using the Vialit and Pennsylvania tests. The values of the mean texture depth of rubberized chip seal specimens were significantly higher than those of the conventional chip seal. Finally, while a reduction in the British Pendulum Number (BPN) was recorded with an increase in the crumb rubber replacement ratio immediately after construction, after a period of more than a year of service life in the experimental section road, the rubberized chip seal segments recorded a much higher BPN compared to that of the conventional chip seal segment. Furthermore, it is recommended also to increase the curing time for chip seal, regardless of aggregate type, to at least six hours to improve the performance of the chip seal.

Download or read book Validation of Surface Performance graded Specification for Surface Treatment Binders written by Aishwarya Vijaykumar and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The design and selection of surface treatment binders in service is currently based on specifications that only account for the penetration and ductility of emulsion residues or the penetration and viscosity of hot-applied asphalt cements. These specifications consider neither the entire range of temperatures that the binders may be subjected to during production and in service, nor long-term aging behavior. A surface performance-graded (SPG) specification for the selection of surface treatment binders was developed as part of previous Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) and National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) projects. The work performed under the TxDOT Project 0-6616 was the basis for this thesis. In this project, the SPG specification, which is performance-based and takes into account the physical properties of the binder at the temperature ranges in which the material will be used, was further validated. This was accomplished by standardizing the emulsion residue recovery method through the evaluation of two warm oven methods, exploring the exclusive use of the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) for determining performance-based properties, and further field validating the thresholds for these properties. The laboratory and field results were used to revise the SPG specification for surface treatment binders in service. Binder samples collected from chip seal projects constructed on selected highway sections in Texas in summer 2011 were tested and graded according to the existing SPG specification developed in previous research projects. Two warm oven emulsion residue recovery methods were used and compared. New DSR tests, including the multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) test and the frequency sweep test were evaluated for developing additional criteria in the SPG specification. The SPG grades of the surface binder samples evaluated from laboratory tests were compared with the actual field performance of the highway sections one year after construction. The SPG specification was found to be functional in terms of enabling the selection of binders to ensure adequate surface treatment performance. Moreover, the results obtained from the MSCR and DSR frequency sweep tests were compared with field performance to develop additional criteria in the specification. Further validation is recommended to investigate the effects of construction and quality control processes, as this study is limited to producing a revised SPG specification for properties that address stiffness and aggregate retention in service.

Download or read book Advances in Materials and Pavement Prediction written by Eyad Masad and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-07-16 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Materials and Pavement Performance Prediction contains the papers presented at the International Conference on Advances in Materials and Pavement Performance Prediction (AM3P, Doha, Qatar, 16- 18 April 2018). There has been an increasing emphasis internationally in the design and construction of sustainable pavement systems. Advances in Materials and Pavement Prediction reflects this development highlighting various approaches to predict pavement performance. The contributions discuss links and interactions between material characterization methods, empirical predictions, mechanistic modeling, and statistically-sound calibration and validation methods. There is also emphasis on comparisons between modeling results and observed performance. The topics of the book include (but are not limited to): • Experimental laboratory material characterization • Field measurements and in situ material characterization • Constitutive modeling and simulation • Innovative pavement materials and interface systems • Non-destructive measurement techniques • Surface characterization, tire-surface interaction, pavement noise • Pavement rehabilitation • Case studies Advances in Materials and Pavement Performance Prediction will be of interest to academics and engineers involved in pavement engineering.

Download or read book Advanced Characterization of Clear Chip Seals written by Emiliano Pasquini and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chip seals are widely used throughout the world for the construction and preventive maintenance of asphalt pavements because they are recognized as cost-effective solutions able to improve skid resistance while creating a waterproof surface. On the other hand, chip seals are often affected by early stone loss because of several, not always easily manageable, material-related and traffic-related factors. It is, therefore, in the interest of researchers to develop scientific methods able to predict the aggregate retention performance of chip seals. Given this background, in the present paper, a performance-based evaluation of chip seals with regard to aggregate retention properties is carried out through a laboratory test based on the Ancona shear testing research and analysis equipment. In this study, a chip seal prepared with a clear emulsion derived by emulsifying a synthetic clear binder was analyzed and compared with two traditional chip seals manufactured with a plain cationic bituminous emulsion and a styrene butadiene styrene polymer-modified asphalt emulsion, respectively. Specifically, six chip seals obtained by combining the three selected emulsions with two types of aggregates (crushed limestone and basalt) were tested at three different temperatures. Moreover, a rheological characterization of emulsion residues was also carried out through the dynamic shear rheometer and the binder bond strength adhesion tester. Results mainly showed that the investigated clear synthetic emulsion can be successfully used for the construction of clear chip seals in combination with aggregates of different mineralogy.

Download or read book Manual for Emulsion based Chip Seals for Pavement Preservation written by Scott Shuler and published by Transportation Research Board National Research. This book was released on 2011 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 680: Manual for Emulsion-Based Chip Seals for Pavement Preservation examines factors affecting chip performance, highlights design and construction considerations, and explores procedures for selecting the appropriate chip seal materials. The report also contains suggested test methods for use in the design and quality control of chip seals. Appendices A to J of NCHRP Report 680 provide further elaboration on the work performed in this project--

Download or read book Chip Seal Best Practices written by Douglas D. Gransberg and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2005 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 342: Chip Seal Best Practices examines ways to assist in the development and implementation of pavement preservation programs by identifying the benefits of using chip seal as part of a preventive maintenance program and by highlighting advanced chip seal programs in use around the world. The report includes approximately 40 best practices in the areas of chip seal design methods, contract administration, equipment practices, construction practices, and performance measures. According to the report, the increased use of chip seals for maintenance can be a successful, cost-effective way of using preventive maintenance to preserve both low-volume and higher-volume pavements.

Download or read book Chip Seal Aggregate Retention Laboratory Test Methods written by Gregory Lee Paulsen and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Toward Statewide Implementation of the Surface Performance Graded Specification for Chip Seal Binders written by Shi Chang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 15 years, a surface performance-graded (SPG) specification for chip seal binders was developed by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) using laboratory measurements and visual field performance (aggregate loss and bleeding) of 75 highway sections (HSs). The SPG was established in an effort to extend the service life of chip seals by providing a binder selection method that accounts for differences in climate. TxDOT recently commenced a statewide implementation effort of the SPG specification. The initial activities include (a) reviewing laboratory and field performance of HSs built in 2011 based on the latest version of the SPG specification, newly generated SPG requirement map, and revised surface condition index calculation; (b) characterizing binders from HSs built in 2013 and monitoring their field performance; (c) proposing additional parameters to complement the SPG specification; and (d) predicting bending beam rheometer (BBR) creep stiffness values from frequency sweep results. When comparing the expected performance of the binders (based on their SPG grade) against actual field performance after the first year in service, 80 percent of the HSs built in 2011 correlated well. Individual SPG properties were compared to corresponding field performance for 2013 chip seal binders in terms of aggregate loss or bleeding. Unexpected field performance from the Amarillo District largely contributed to poor correlation between the BBR creep stiffness properties and field performance in terms of aggregate loss for 2013 HSs. A phase angle parameter was introduced in the SPG specification to ensure modified binders contain sufficient polymers. The prediction of BBR creep stiffness values via a frequency sweep test was not reliable at colder temperatures, even when a 4-mm dynamic shear rheometer plate test was used. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155717

Download or read book Bituminous Mixtures and Pavements VIII written by A.F. Nikolaides and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-06-21 with total page 999 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bituminous Mixtures and Pavements VIII contains 114 papers as presented at the 8th International Conference ‘Bituminous Mixtures and Pavements’ (8th ICONFBMP, 12-14 June 2024, Thessaloniki, Greece). The contributions reflect the research and practical experience of academics and practicing engineers from thirty-four (34) different countries, and cover a wide range of topics: Session I: Bitumen, Modified binders, Aggregates, and Subgrade Session II: Bituminous mixtures (Design, Construction, Testing, Performance) Session III: Pavements (Design, Construction, Maintenance, Sustainability, Energy and Environmental consideration) Session IV: Pavement management and Geosynthetics Session V: Pavement recycling Session VI: Pavement surface characteristics, Pavement performance monitoring, Safety Session VII: Biomaterials in pavement engineering Session VIII: Prediction models of pavement performance Bituminous Mixtures and Pavements VIII covers recent advances in highway materials technology and pavement engineering, and will be of interest to scientists and professionals involved or interested in these areas. The ICONFBMP-conferences have been organized every four years since 1992. This 8th conference was jointly organized by: Laboratory of Highway Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; Built Environment Research Institute (BERI), University of Ulster, UK; University of Texas San Antonio (UTSA), USA; Laboratory for Advanced Construction Technology (LACT), Technological Institute of Iowa, USA; Technological University of Delft (TUDelft), The Netherlands, and University of Antwerp, (UA), Belgium.

Download or read book Better Roads written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1060 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chip Sealing in New Zealand written by and published by . This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Airfield and Highway Pavements written by Imad L. Al-Qadi and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 1072 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection contains 87 papers presented at the 2006 Airfield and Highway Pavements Specialty Conference, held in Atlanta, Georgia, April 30-May 3, 2006.