Download or read book Investigating the Prevalence and Persistence of Different Escherichia Coli Genotypes in an Agriculturally Influenced Aquatic Ecosystem written by Shirin Afroj and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Escherichia coli written by David M. Gordon and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-12 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although E. coli is primarily a commensal of mammals, and to a lesser extent birds, it can be isolated from a variety of host species as well as soil, sediments, and water. It has long been recognized that E. coli exhibits quite extensive substructuring and that the relative abundance of the most common phylo-groups varies with respect to host age and sex, host species, as well as geographical location. Strains belonging to some phylo-groups are much more frequently encountered in water samples than strains belonging to other phylo-groups. The extent to which strain survival in the external environment has determined the evolutionary origins of the various diarrheal pathotypes is unknown. There is a growing body of evidence that indicates commensal E. coli, like the diarrheal pathotypes, exhibits at some tissue specificity within the gastrointestinal tract. However, there is little evidence to suggest that commensal E. coli exhibit extensive host specificity as is the case with many of the diarrheal pathotypes.
Download or read book Microbial Food Safety in Animal Agriculture written by Mary E. Torrence and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-02-28 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In answer to public concerns, Microbial Food Safety in Animal Agriculture: Current Topics provides timely information on this area of increasing importance, giving a broad overview of pre-harvest microbial food safety. Written by specialists from around the world, this essential reference focuses on research in the areas of antimicrobial resistance, risk assessment, microbial detection methods and diagnostics, and emerging diseases. Coverage provides balanced overviews of Federal, industry, and academic perspectives on key issues in food safety. Specific organisms explored in depth include: Salmonellaspp., Campylobacterspp., Escherichia coli 0157:H7, and Listeria monocytogene. No other single source offers current information and detailed references on issues in pre-harvest food safety in production animal agriculture. Veterinarians, researchers, and food safety professionals in academia, government agencies, and food animal production industries will discover this resource crucial to defensive awareness.
Download or read book Investigating the Sources and Dynamics of Escherichia Coli in a Missouri Ozarks Watershed written by Kaleb Bassett and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Escherichia coli, an intestinal bacterium, can serve as an indication of the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in water systems used by humans for recreation, agriculture, or drinking water. Many aquatic systems in the United States exceed the E. coli standard, set by the Environmental Protection Agency, for safe drinking water and recreational use. During 2016, a water sampling program was established in the Mill Creek watershed, a rural watershed located near the city of Newburg in Phelps County, Missouri. Water samples were collected before, during, and after storms throughout the year to examine the relationship between E. coli concentrations and measures of surface water runoff, such as turbidity and discharge. Results indicated that E. coli was primarily entering the stream (possibly bound to solid particles) via surface runoff during storm events. Sediment samples were also collected and revealed that it was possible for E. coli to become stored in the sediment bottom, where it could persist for 60 to 90 days. Disturbance of sediment reservoirs resulted in elevated E. coli concentrations in the stream, indicating that sediment reservoirs can prolong the potential for waterborne disease outbreak. Thus, a series of lab and field experiments were designed to investigate potential factors that may influence the survival and longevity of E. coli in the water column and sediment of streams. A better understanding of the sources, distributions, and controls of E. coli in aquatic systems will help guide management of fecal pollution in watersheds to minimize the threat to public health"--Abstract, page iii.
Download or read book Genetic Diversity of Escherichia Coli in Soils and Sediments of an Agricultural Watershed and Their Spatiotemporal Influences on Water Quality written by Gregory Stuart Piorkowski and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT Cont.'d: The relationship of land use type to particle attachment reinforces the hypothesis that strain-specificity in attachment behaviour can affect the transport of E. coli in fluvial systems. This work provides evidence that putatively naturalized strains in cultivated fields can contribute a large part to waterborne E. coli, and that reach-specific hydrological factors need to be considered when relating sediment- to waterborne E. coli in fluvial systems.
Download or read book The Molecular Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Escherichia Coli in Aquatic Systems of Northern California written by Maria das Gracas Cabral Pereira and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Escherichia coli is a genetically heterogeneous group of bacteria and a component of the normal intestinal flora of humans and other vertebrates. However, certain E. coli subsets have acquired genes such as Shigatoxin (STEC) and subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB) that enable them to cause human diseases. It is well established that livestock can shed in their manure a variety of pathogenic E. coli strains, including O26 and O145 that can be transmitted to humans, other domestic animals, and wildlife through the waterborne route. Estuaries in Northern California can be threatened by polluted microbial runoff originated from agricultural settings. These waters are vulnerable to microbial contamination from contaminated freshwater inflows and if occurring, resuspension of contaminated riverine and estuarine sediments during the rainfall season. Assessment of fecal pollution in surface water generally relies on the use of fecal indicator organisms such as E. coli. The objectives of this study were (1) to genetically characterize E. coli isolates from five northern California estuaries using a rep-PCR (Box-PCR) to determine if elevated counts of E. coli during wet season could be attributed either to freshwater inflows contaminated by non-point source pollution from upstream terrestrial sources or to resuspension of contaminated estuarine/riverine sediments, (2) to determine the occurrence of subtilase cytotoxin encoding gene in water-associated E. coli isolates, 3) to develop innovative detection methods for E. coli O26 and O145 in surface water samples, 4) to determine the occurrence and risk factors associated with E. coli O26 and O145 in surface water, 5) to perform DNA fingerprinting analysis and DNA detection of certain virulence genes in isolates of E. coli O26 and O145. BOX-PCR was used to characterize 961 Escherichia coli isolates from surface water, suspended solids (SS), riverine and estuarine sediments from five Northern California estuaries. The percentage of E. coli with 100% similarity for the water and SS fractions were higher during the dry and wet storm flow seasons, respectively. E. coli from bottom sediment revealed large amount of genomic diversity compared to water and SS, given the low percentage of similarity. These results suggest that runoff might be the source of elevated counts during wet season in these estuaries due to low percentage of genetic similarity between E. coli from sediment to SS and water samples. The subtilase encoding gene (subAB) was detected in Shigatoxigenic and non-Shigatoxigenic water-associated E. coli isolates (7/397). The observation that not all isolates amplified with the subA primers used to identify subAB in the 98NK2 strain suggests that additional subtilase variants might be present among non-Shigatoxigenic and Shigatoxigenic E. coli . Surface water samples were collected from 26 sampling sites in the northeastern section of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and tested for the presence of E. coli O26 and O145. First, an innovative Real-Time PCR was developed to detect these serotypes in surface water. Second, E. coli O26 (6.7%) and O145 (2.3%) were detected in Delta water using the developed methodology. The presence of submerged aquatic vegetation and wooded islands within 100 m of sampling sites were associated with detecting E. coli O26 (P
Download or read book Reflexions sur le caract re d esprit sur le paganisme de l empereur Julien written by and published by . This book was released on 1743 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microbiology of Waterborne Diseases written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-11-08 with total page 719 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Microbiology of Waterborne Diseases describes the diseases associated with water, their causative agents and the ways in which they gain access to water systems. The book is divided into sections covering bacteria, protozoa, and viruses. Other sections detail methods for detecting and identifying waterborne microorganisms, and the ways in which they are removed from water, including chlorine, ozone, and ultraviolet disinfection. The second edition of this handbook has been updated with information on biofilms and antimicrobial resistance. The impact of global warming and climate change phenomena on waterborne illnesses are also discussed. This book serves as an indispensable reference for public health microbiologists, water utility scientists, research water pollution microbiologists environmental health officers, consultants in communicable disease control and microbial water pollution students. Focuses on the microorganisms of most significance to public health, including E. coli, cryptosporidium, and enterovirus Highlights the basic microbiology, clinical features, survival in the environment, and gives a risk assessment for each pathogen Contains new material on antimicrobial resistance and biofilms Covers drinking water and both marine and freshwater recreational bathing waters
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture with Subject Index written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applied and Environmental Microbiology written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1052 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 2432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Download or read book Microbial Source Tracking written by Jorge W. Santo Domingo and published by Emerging Issues in Food Safety. This book was released on 2007 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a state-of-the-art review of the current technology and applications being utilized to identify sources of fecal contamination in waterways. - Serves as a useful reference for researchers in the food industry, especially scientists investigating etiological agents responsible for food contamination. - Provides background information on MST methods and the assumptions and limitations associated with their use. - Covers a broad range of topics related to MST, including environmental monitoring, public health and national security, population biology, and microbial ecology. - Offers valuable insights into future research directions and technology developments.
Download or read book Heterotrophic Plate Counts and Drinking water Safety written by Jamie Bartram and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2003-08-31 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heterotrophic Plate Counts and Drinking-water Safety provides a critical assessment of the role of the Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC) measurement in drinking water quality management. It was developed from an Expert workshop of 32 scientists convened by the World Health Organization and the WHO/NSF International Collaborating Centre for Drinking Water Safety and Treatment in Geneva, Switzerland. Heterotrophs are organisms, including bacteria, yeasts and moulds, that require an external source of organic carbon for growth. The HPC test (or Standard Plate Count), applied in many variants, is the internationally accepted test for measuring the hetrotrophic microorganism population in drinking water, and also other media. It measures only a fraction of the microorganisms actually present and does not distinguish between pathogens and non-pathogens. High levels of microbial growth can affect the taste and odor of drinking water and may indicate the presence of nutrients and biofilms which could harbor pathogens, as well as the possibility that some event has interfered with the normal production of the drinking water. HPC counts also routinely increase in water that has been treated by an in-line device such as a carbon filter or softener, in water-dispensing devices and in bottled waters and indeed in all water that has suitable nutrients, does not have a residual disinfectant, and is kept under sufficient conditions. There is debate among health professionals as to the need, utility or quantitative basis for health-based standards or guidelines relating to HPC-measured regrowth in drinking water. The issues that were addressed in this work include: the relationship between HPC in drinking water (including that derived from in-line treatment systems, dispensers and bottled water) and health risks for the general public the role of HPC as an indirect indicator or index for pathogens of concern in drinking water the role of HPC in assessing the efficacy and proper functioning of water treatment and supply processes the relationship between HPC and the aesthetic acceptability of drinking water. Heterotrophic Plate Counts and Drinking-water Safety provides valuable information on the utility and the limitations of HPC data in the management and operation of piped water systems as well as other means of providing drinking water to the public. It is of particular value to piped public water suppliers and bottled water suppliers, manufacturers and users of water treatment and transmission equipment and inline treatment devices, water engineers, sanitary and clinical microbiologists, and national and local public health officials and regulators of drinking water quality.
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Index Veterinarius written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 946 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
