Download or read book Investigating the Physiological Role of Amyloid Precursor Protein a Key Protein in Alzheimer s Disease written by Oliver Wilkes and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Physiological Functions of the Amyloid Precursor Protein Gene Family written by Ulrike C. Müller and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-12-28 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The amyloid precursor protein APP plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as proteolytical cleavage of APP gives rise to the Aβ peptide which is deposited in the brains of Alzheimer patients. Despite this, our knowledge of the normal cell biological and physiological functions of APP and the closely related APLPs is limited. This may have hampered our understanding of AD, since evidence has accumulated that not only the production of the Aβ peptide but also the loss of APP-mediated functions may contribute to AD pathogenesis. Thus, it appears timely and highly relevant to elucidate the functions of the APP gene family from the molecular level to their role in the intact organism, i.e. in the context of nervous system development, synapse formation and adult synapse function, as well as neural homeostasis and aging. Why is our understanding of the APP functions so limited? APP and the APLPs are multifunctional proteins that undergo complex proteolytical processing. They give rise to an almost bewildering array of different fragments that may each subserve specific functions. While Aβ is aggregation prone and neurotoxic, the large secreted ectodomain APPsα - produced in the non-amyloidogenic α-secretase pathway - has been shown to be neurotrophic, neuroprotective and relevant for synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Recently, novel APP cleavage pathways and enzymes have been discovered that have gained much attention not only with respect to AD but also regarding their role in normal brain physiology. In addition to the various cleavage products, there is also solid evidence that APP family proteins mediate important functions as transmembrane cell surface molecules, most notably in synaptic adhesion and cell surface signaling. Elucidating in more detail the molecular mechanisms underlying these divers functions thus calls for an interdisciplinary approach ranging from the structural level to the analysis in model organisms. Thus, in this research topic of Frontiers we compile reviews and original studies, covering our current knowledge of the physiological functions of this intriguing and medically important protein family.
Download or read book Investigating the Role of the Amyloid Precursor Protein in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer s Disease written by Roger Lefort and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We also found that dimerization of APP is sufficient to promote the amyloidogenic pathway, by increasing levels of the Î2-secretase BACE1, resulting in increased AÎ2 production. Finally, we found that dimerization of APP triggered caspase-dependent cleavage of APP and the formation of a second neurotoxic fragment, termed C31, which also mimics the effects of AÎ2 in hippocampal neurons. Taken together, our data provides support for the occurrence of a positive pathogenic feedback loop involving AÎ2, APP and C31 in neurons.
Download or read book Amyloid Precursor Protein written by Weiming Xia and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-12-16 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the search for an effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease, APP is a unique model protein that illustrates the wide array of basic and sophisticated characterization techniques available. Exploring a variety of biological techniques to clarify the structure and function of this transmembrane protein, this text presents each method with detail
Download or read book Amyloid Protein Precursor in Development Aging and Alzheimer s Disease written by C.L. Masters and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the last ten years' research on Alzheimer's disease. Genetic mutations in the gene which codes for amyloid precursor protein (APP) have now been shown to cause Alzheimer's disease in some families. Other genetic loci are now being discovered which relate to Alzheimer's disease in some families. Understanding the normal structure and function of the APP gene product will eventually provide avenues for developing specific therapeutic strategies targeted at the amyloid deposition in the Alzheimer's disease brain. Drugs which can inhibit or dissolve the amyloid, affect the synthesis and proteolysis of APP, or which regulate the activity of the APP gene all hold the promise of eventually yielding an effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease.
Download or read book Investigation of the Function and Processing of the Amyloid Precursor Protein written by Lisa A. Flanagan and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Exploring the Role of Alzheimer s Amyloid beta Precursor Protein APP and Its Relative APLP2 in Xenopus Intermediate Pituitary written by Rob Wilhelmus Johanna Collin and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tau oligomers written by Jesus Avila and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2014-08-18 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of intracellular aggregates of tau protein are a key neuropathological feature of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases, collectively termed tauopathies. The abundance of NFTs has been reported to correlate positively with the severity of cognitive impairment in AD. However, accumulating evidences derived from studies of experimental models have identified that NFTs themselves may not be neurotoxic. Now, many of tau researchers are seeking a “toxic” form of tau protein. Moreover, it was suggested that a “toxic” tau was capable to seed aggregation of native tau protein and to propagate in a prion-like manner. However, the exact neurotoxic tau species remain unclear. Because mature tangles seem to be non-toxic component, “tau oligomers” as the candidate of “toxic” tau have been investigated for more than one decade. In this topic, we will discuss our consensus of “tau oligomers” because the term of “tau oligomers” [e.g. dimer (disulfide bond-dependent or independent), multimer (more than dimer), granular (definition by EM or AFM) and maybe small filamentous aggregates] has been used by each researchers definition. From a biochemical point of view, tau protein has several unique characteristics such as natively unfolded conformation, thermo-stability, acid-stability, and capability of post-translational modifications. Although tau protein research has been continued for a long time, we are still missing the mechanisms of NFT formation. It is unclear how the conversion is occurred from natively unfolded protein to abnormally mis-folded protein. It remains unknown how tau protein can be formed filaments [e.g. paired helical filament (PHF), straight filament and twisted filament] in cells albeit in vitro studies confirmed tau self-assembly by several inducing factors. Researchers are still debating whether tau oligomerization is primary event rather than tau phosphorylation in the tau pathogenesis. Inhibition of either tau phosphorylation or aggregation has been investigated for the prevention of tauopathies, however, it will make an irrelevant result if we don’t know an exact target of neurotoxicity. It is a time to have a consensus of definition, terminology and methodology for the identification of “tau oligomers”.
Download or read book Genomics Circuits and Pathways in Clinical Neuropsychiatry written by Thomas Lehner and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-06-07 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This foundational work comprehensively examines the current state of the genetics, genomics and brain circuitry of psychiatric and neurological disorders. It consolidates discoveries of specific genes and genomic regions associated with these conditions, the genetic and anatomic architecture of these syndromes, and addresses how recent advances in genomics are leading to a reappraisal of the biology underlying clinical neuroscience. In doing so, it critically examines the promise and limitations of these discoveries toward treatment, and to the interdisciplinary nature of understanding brain and behavior. Coverage includes new discoveries regarding autism, epilepsy, intellectual disability, dementias, movement disorders, language impairment, disorders of attention, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Genomics, Circuits, and Pathways in Clinical Neuropsychiatry focuses on key concepts, challenges, findings, and methods in genetics, genomics, molecular pathways, brain circuitry, and related neurobiology of neurologic and psychiatric disorders. - Provides interdisciplinary appeal in psychiatry, neurology, neuroscience, and genetics - Identifies key concepts, methods, and findings - Includes coverage of multiple disorders from autism to schizophrenia - Reviews specific genes associated with disorders - Discusses the genetic architecture of these syndromes - Explains how recent findings are influencing the understanding of biology - Clarifies the promise of these findings for future treatment
Download or read book Axon Degeneration written by Elisabetta Babetto and published by Humana. This book was released on 2020-06-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of classical as well as innovative methods used to investigate axon degeneration with a particular focus on addressing the common challenges encountered while performing these procedures. Particular attention is devoted to the study of axon loss in several model organisms, as each poses unique challenges and provides powerful advantages. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Axon Degeneration: Methods and Protocols is an ideal guide for facilitating the application and further development of these protocols, which will help the scientific community tackle important questions regarding axon degeneration. Chapters 2, 3, and 20 are available Open Access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Download or read book Investigating the Role of Caspase mediated Cleavage of the Amyloid Precursor Protein Following Overexpression of Bcl 2 in a Novel Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer s Disease written by Debra Kay Kumasaka and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pathobiology of Alzheimer s Disease written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1995-10-17 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuroscience Perspectives provides multidisciplinary reviews of topics in one of the most diverse and rapidly advancing fields in the life sciences.Whether you are a new recruit to neuroscience, or an established expert, look to this series for 'one-stop' sources of the historical, physiological, pharmacological, biochemical, molecular biological and therapeutic aspects of chosen research areas.The last decade has seen tremendous advances in our understanding of the pathobiology of Alzheimer's disease. These will lead to the first generation of drugs aimed at prevention rather than cure. This book covers some of the most important and exciting of these advances, with chapters written by many of the leading researchers in the field.With genetic studies as a backbone to this volume many chapters are devoted to the function and regulation of amyloid b-protein precursor (APP) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE). Other chapters describe cell biological approaches helping to piece together the link between the genetic alterations and the phenotype we call Alzheimer's disease.Although APP and its proteolytic cleavage product, amyloid b-protein, do not answer all the questions, detailed research into this system has undoubtedly increased our knowledge of the pathobiology of AD and has lead to the identification of other risk factors. Understanding the role of ApoE in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease promises to open a whole new field in AD research.* * Reviews the current knowledge of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease from a clinical perspective to a genetic and cell biological perspective* A comprehensive description of the role of amyloid B-protein precursor in Alzheimer's disease.* Up-to-date research data* Clear illustrations complement the text
Download or read book Neuronal Cytoskeleton written by Hirokawa and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-01-12 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the primary functions of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) such as MAP2 and tau in neuronal morphogenesis, as well as relationships between neuronal differentiation and the expression of neuronal intermediate filaments (nestin, alpha internexin, and neurofilament triplet proteins). It emphasizes the importance of several cytoskeletal proteins for neuronal differentiation and morphogenesis, organelle transport, and synaptic functions. The book considers the involvement of tau MAPs in the formation of paired helical filaments in Alzheimer's disease, and it examines the mechanisms of organelle transports and molecular motors such as kinesin, braindynein, and kinesin superfamily proteins. Cytoskeletal proteins involved in synaptic formation and transmitter release and new synaptic junctional-associated proteins are explored as well.
Download or read book Neurobiology of Acupuncture written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-11-07 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarises the recent development in acupuncture research and in particular, the neurobiology of acupuncture. It provides a focus but a diverse range of subjects covering many body systems. The first a few chapters discuss the basic principles of acupuncture, then its modulatory effects on nervous system such as induction of neurotrophin and neurogenesis in the brain. Late chapters explore the clinical effects and potential mechanisms of acupuncture on different conditions ranging from neurological diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and stroke, to psychiatric illnesses, insomnia, hypertension, gastrointestinal diseases and drug addiction. We believe this will promote the understanding acupuncture treatment and enhance acupuncture research in the future. - This volume of International Review of Neurobiology brings together cutting-edge research on the neurobiology of acupuncture - It reviews current knowledge and understanding, provides a starting point for researchers and practitioners entering the field, and builds a platform for further research and discovery
Download or read book A Molecular Biological Study of Alzheimer s Disease written by Janet A. Johnston and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology written by Abel Lajtha and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-06 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nervous system is highly fragile, especially during aging, illness and trauma. This book addresses a small sampling of major constituents of neural function at the cellular and molecular level that play crucial roles in development and aging.
Download or read book Alzheimer s Disease Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Amyloid beta written by J. Robin Harris and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-12-17 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To understand Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major thrusts of present-day clinical research, strongly supported by more fimdamental cellular, biochemical, immunological and structural studies. It is these latter that receive attention within this book. This compilation of 20 chapters indicates the diversity of work currently in progress and summarizes the current state of knowledge. Experienced authors who are scientifically active in their fields of study have been selected as contributors to this book, in an attempt to present a reasonably complete survey of the field. Inevitably, some exciting topics for one reason or another have not been included, for which we can only apologize. Standardization of terminology is often a problem in science, not least in the Alzheimer field; editorial effort has been made to achieve standardization between the Chapters, but some minor yet acceptable personal / author variation is still present, i. e. P-amyloid/amyloid-P; Ap42/Apl-42/APi. 42! The book commences with a broad survey of the contribution that the range of available microscopical techniques has made to the study of Alzheimer's amyloid plaques and amyloid fibrillogenesis. This chapter also serves as an Introduction to the book, since several of the topics introduced here are expanded upon in later chapters. Also, it is significant to the presence of this chapter that the initial discovery of brain plaques, by Alois Alzheimer, utilized light microscopy, a technique that continues to be extremely valuable in present-day AD research.
