Download or read book INVENTORY POLICIES FOR A MULTI ECHELON SUPPLY SYSTEM WITH FIXED ORDER COSTS AT LOWER ECHELONS written by and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report concerns the problem of approximating optimum (least-cost) inventory policies for a multi-echelon supply system with fixed order costs at lower echelons. First, the technique for computing the approximate policies is explained in nonmathematical terms. The sensitivity of these policies, and their resulting costs, to changes in parameter values is then investigated. Finally, the effect of implementing these approximate policies in a multi echelon supply system is studied in an effort to determine the cost increase over the theoretically optimum cost. The resulting cost increase is less than 3 percent for a typical inventory.

Download or read book U S Government Research Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Arrangement of Inventory Policies Across Echelons of the Supply Chain for Minimization of Cost and Variance of Inventory written by Venkata Vijay Kumar Pasupuleti and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A model is built to study the impact of the variance of demand on the supply chain inventory and also to identify the best arrangement of the inventory policy across the supply chain. The basic objective of Inventory management by an entity is either to prevent stock out or lock up of working capital. However, benefit of individual entity might not result in value to supply chain. A simulation study was undertaken on the four-echelon supply chain by varying demand at retailer echelon in phases from 10% to 70%. The best arrangement of inventory policy (choosing policy for each echelon from a choice of six familiar policies) across the supply chain is identified for attaining objective of minimization of either cost or variance. It is found that the both the demand flow and moving average policy are dominant inventory policies in attaining these objectives. Contemporary information of demand at retailer echelon drives the costs minimization and variance minimization of the supply chain. Study also identifies the best arrangement for the objective of cost minimization at the each echelon too. The arrangement of inventory policy identified for individual echelon benefit varies from the best arrangement identified for the supply chain benefit. This substantiates that the individual echelon benefit would be deterrent to the value of the supply chain.

Download or read book Technical Abstract Bulletin written by Defense Documentation Center (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 1148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Annual Department of Defense Bibliography of Logistics Studies and Related Documents written by United States. Defense Logistics Studies Information Exchange and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Economic Analysis and Military Resource Allocation written by T. Arthur Smith and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Optimal Positioning of Inventory Stock in a Multi Echelon System written by George F. Brown jr. and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper considers optimal stockage and resupply policies for a multi-echelon inventory system in which the time and cost of resupply can be altered by various logistical expenditures. At stations on the lowest echelon, demands arise due to part failure. With some probability, the part can be repaired at this echelon. Spare parts may be obtained from inventory, through repair, or by ordering, after a delivery lag. Multiple lower echelons are supported by each intermediate stock point, but no monitoring of lower echelon usage occurs. A dynamic programming model is used to derive optimal stockage and recorder policies for each echelon as a function of the resupply time. An analysis of the effects of expenditures on the resupply system itself, employing branch and bound techniques, is then used to determine an overall optimum. Preliminary results from an application of this procedure to the Naval Aviation support system are presented. (Author).

Download or read book Inventory Refill Policies Analysis Models for Two echelon Supply Chain written by Xuan Li and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a growing attention in the world on supply chain management as a new source of potential profits. Traditionally high-profit industries like manufacturing and retailing are squeezed to the bone. Thus, supply chain management, focusing on reducing costs on integrated logistics systems, attracted increasing research funding. Warehouse management is an essential part of the supply chain, in which inventory control and operations management are often discussed. Inventory control is an obvious way to find a balance between the conflicting inventory holding cost and backorder cost. Considering the whole year's demand as a fixed parameter the lower inventory level inevitably leads to higher turn-over rate, which means, more operations. Warehouse operations cost is rarely discussed because of its miscellaneous nature. This thesis tries to combine these two aspects by adding energy consumption to the supply chain simulation model and comparing the supply chain system under different inventory management policies.

Download or read book Single Stage Approximations of Multiechelon Inventory Models written by Kevin Shang and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter summarizes recent development on simple heuristics for optimal inventory policies of multi-echelon inventory systems. These simple heuristics are based on solving a sequence of single-stage inventory problems whose parameters are obtained from the original system data. We mainly focus on series systems under continuous-review and periodic-review schemes and briefly discuss the key results for the assembly and distribution systems. The information is centralized, and the objective is to minimize the average total cost per time period/the expected discounted cost over a planning horizon. When fixed order costs are negligible, echelon base-stock policies are considered. On the other hand, when fixed order costs are significant, we consider (r, q) policies for the continuous-review system and (s,T) policies for the periodic-review system. These heuristics not only simplify the computation and implementation, but also help gain insights into managing inventory in supply chains. We also provide a summary of how to obtain simple solutions to some extend models.

Download or read book Optimal Policy for a Dynamic Multi echelon Inventory Model written by Stuart A. Bessler and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A general multiperiod multi-echelon supply system consisting of n facilities each stocking a single product is studied. At the beginning of a period each facility may order stock from an exogenous source with no delivery lag and proportional ordering costs. During the period the (random) demands at the facilities are satisfied according to a given supply policy that determines to what extent stock may be redistributed from facilities with excess stock to those experiencing shortages. There are storage, shortage, and transportation costs. An ordering policy that minimizes expected costs is sought. If the initial stock is sufficiently small and certain other conditions are fulfilled, it is optimal to order up to a certain base stock level at each facility. The special supply policy in which each facility except facility 1 passes its shortages on to a given lower numbered facility called its direct supplier is examined in some detail. Bounds on the base stock levels are obtained. It is also shown that if the demand distribution at facility j is stochastically smaller ('spread' less) than that at another facility k having the same direct supplier and if certain other conditions are fulfilled, then the optimal base stock level ('virtual' stock out probability) at j is less than (greater than) or equal to that at facility k. (Author).

Download or read book Quantitative Models for Supply Chain Management written by Sridhar Tayur and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 851 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative models and computer-based tools are essential for making decisions in today's business environment. These tools are of particular importance in the rapidly growing area of supply chain management. This volume is a unified effort to provide a systematic summary of the large variety of new issues being considered, the new set of models being developed, the new techniques for analysis, and the computational methods that have become available recently. The volume's objective is to provide a self-contained, sophisticated research summary - a snapshot at this point of time - in the area of Quantitative Models for Supply Chain Management. While there are some multi-disciplinary aspects of supply chain management not covered here, the Editors and their contributors have captured many important developments in this rapidly expanding field. The 26 chapters can be divided into six categories. Basic Concepts and Technical Material (Chapters 1-6). The chapters in this category focus on introducing basic concepts, providing mathematical background and validating algorithmic tools to solve operational problems in supply chains. Supply Contracts (Chapters 7-10). In this category, the primary focus is on design and evaluation of supply contracts between independent agents in the supply chain. Value of Information (Chapters 11-13). The chapters in this category explicitly model the effect of information on decision-making and on supply chain performance. Managing Product Variety (Chapters 16-19). The chapters in this category analyze the effects of product variety and the different strategies to manage it. International Operations (Chapters 20-22). The three chapters in this category provide an overview of research in the emerging area of International Operations. Conceptual Issues and New Challenges (Chapters 23-27). These chapters outline a variety of frameworks that can be explored and used in future research efforts. This volume can serve as a graduate text, as a reference for researchers and as a guide for further development of this field.

Download or read book Advances in Distribution Logistics written by Bernhard Fleischmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distribution logistics have been strongly affected by recent economic trends: globalization of markets, deregulation of the European freight traffic, a growing part of just-in-time deliveries and both increased competition and strategic cooperation between all parties involved. The book covers in a systematic way the strategic, tactical and operational planning of distribution systems and processes. It gives an overview of the relevant quantitative models and techniques as well as of applications in industry presented through numerous case studies. Researchers and practitioners will thus equally benefit from this volume.

Download or read book Simulation of Macro Multi echelon Inventory Policies written by Sheldon E. Haber and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alternative repair part inventory policies are examined for a multi-echelon logistics system. The policies assessed pertain to the design of multi-echelon systems rather than the evaluation of stock level decisions for individual repair parts. Although the context is one of a military inventory system, the policies examined are of importance in non-military systems where item failure rates are low and only periodic access to resupply is possible. (Author).

Download or read book Scientific Inventory Management Simplified written by United States. Federal Supply Service and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Inventory Control written by Sven Axsäter and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-06 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third edition, which has been fully updated and now includes improved and extended explanations, is suitable as a core textbook as well as a source book for industry practitioners. It covers traditional approaches for forecasting, lot sizing, determination of safety stocks and reorder points, KANBAN policies and Material Requirements Planning. It also includes recent advances in inventory theory, for example, new techniques for multi-echelon inventory systems and Roundy's 98 percent approximation. The book also considers methods for coordinated replenishments of different items, and various practical issues in connection with industrial implementation. Other topics covered in Inventory Control include: alternative forecasting techniques, material on different stochastic demand processes and how they can be fitted to empirical data, generalized treatment of single-echelon periodic review systems, capacity constrained lot sizing, short sections on lateral transshipments and on remanufacturing, coordination and contracts. As noted, the explanations have been improved throughout the book and the text also includes problems, with solutions in an appendix.

Download or read book Inventory Management for Multi echelon Supply Chains written by Zumbul Atan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finally, we propose an inventory rationing policy for a distribution network where transshipments among locations are allowed. We propose an approximate iterative procedure to find the best rationing policy for each individual location in the system. We elaborate on how transshipments affect optimal stocking policies and identify the systems which benefit from transshipments the most.

Download or read book A Study of Multi Echelon and Multi Location Inventory System written by Turgut Büyükkarhan and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reorder point and reorder quantity for a multi-echelon inventory system consisting of two levels were determined through the use of a mathematical model and a computer simulation was used to verify the results. The main echelon supported two lower echelon stock points and reordered using a continuous review inventory policy. The two lower echelon stock points operated under periodic review policies. The measure of effectiveness used was to minimize total system costs subject to a constraint on the maximum number of back orders per year. The results from the mathematical model were used as input values for the simulation and measures of effectiveness were compared. An alternative procedure was proposed and simulated; and the results of the three products were compared. (Author).